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Uvod: Zaradi spolnih odnosov pri nizki starosti, pomanjkanja ustreznega znanja o varni spolnosti in ustrezni kontracepciji lahko pride do spolno prenosljivih okužb. Pomembno vlogo pri preprečevanju imata preventiva in pravočasna spolna vzgoja. Namen: Želimo predstaviti najpogostejše spolno prenosljive okužbe v Sloveniji ter pomembnost spolne vzgoje pri preprečevanju teh. Cilji so, ugotoviti kakšne posledice pustijo spolno prenosljive okužbe na fizično in psihično zdravje in kakšna je učinkovitost zgodnje spolne vzgoje in uporabe kondomov. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom znanstvene in strokovne literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku s področja spolnosti in spolno prenosljivih okužb. Pri iskanju smo uporabili časovni okvir objav od leta 2008 do 2019. Literatura je bila iskana s pomočjo Digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani (DiKUL), Digitalne knjižnice Univerze Maribor (DKUM), bibliografskih podatkovnih baz CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Cochraine Library, Medline, Web of Science, COBIB.SI in v revijah Obzornik zdravstvene nege ter Zdravniški vestnik. V analizo smo vključili 35 enot literature. Rezultati: Najpogostejše okužbe v Sloveniji so okužba s humanim papiloma virusom, Chlamydia trahomatis, Treponema pallidum, virusom Herpes simplex tip 2 in z bakterijo Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Velika večina spolno prenosljivih okužb dolgo časa ostane asimptomatskih, ko simptomi nastopijo, pa je lahko stanje že resno. Vplivi na fizično zdravje se lahko kažejo kot kratkoročne ali dolgoročne posledice. Pravočasna spolna vzgoja daje posameznikom ustrezna znanja in veščine, kako se spustiti v svet spolnosti. Razprava in zaključek: Spolnost je neizogibna človeška želja, zato je pomembno, da posamezniki razumejo pomembnost posledic, ki jih spolno prenosljive okužbe pustijo na fizičnem in psihičnem zdravju človeka. Pomembno je, da poudarimo dejstvo, da se določene posledice pojavijo lahko šele nekaj mesecev do nekaj let po dejanski okužbi, vendar lahko močno ogrozijo življenje. Z ustreznim znanjem, nasveti in primerno kontracepcijo lahko mladostniki varno prakticirajo spolnost, hkrati pa s tem vplivajo na zmanjševanje incidence spolno prenosljivih okužb. Introduction: Because of young age adolescents do not have adequate knowledge of safe sex practice, appropriate contraception which increases the chance to contract a sexually transmitted infection. An important role in preventing spreading sexually transmitted infections is early sex education. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to present and state which sexually transmitted infections are the most common in Slovenia, and the importance of sex education in preventing them. The goals are to present and answer the following assumptions: what are their consequences on physical and mental health, how effective is early sex education and how effective are condoms. Methods: In the thesis there was used a descriptive method of work with a combination of a systematic review of scientific and professional literature written is slovene or english in the field of sexuality and sexually transmitted infections. The time frame of literature age was from 2008 to 2019. The literature was searched for through the Digital library of the University of Ljubljana (DiKUL), the Digital library of the University of Maribor (DKUM), the CINAHL bibliographic databases, ScienceDirect, the Cochraine Library, Medline, Web of Science, COBIB.SI, and in journals Obzornik zdravstene nege and Zdravniški vestnik. 35 pieces of literature were included in the analysis. Results: Most common infections in Slovenia are infections with human papillomavirus, Chlamydia trahomatis, Treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus type 2 and the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The vast majority of sexually transmitted infections remain asymptomatic for a long time, but when the symptoms are present, the condition can already be serious. The individual can be affected both physically and mentally. In the case of physical health the consequences can be short-term or long-term. Sex education provided early enough gives appropriate knowladge and skills to enter the world of sexuality safely. Discussion and conclusion: Sexually activity is a inevitable human desire, so it is crucial for people to understand the importance of the effects that sexually transimtted infections have on the human health, both physical and mentally. It is important to emphasize the fact that certain consequences can take from a few month to a few years to be seen, but can represent serious risks. With appropriate knowladge, advice and contraception, individuals can safely enter the world of sex and reduce the rise of sexually transmitted infections.