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OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of eating habits considered healthy in adolescents according to sex, age, education level of the mother, school type, session of study, and geographic region. METHODS The assessed data come from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional, national and school-based study. Adolescents of 1,247 schools of 124 Brazilian municipalities were evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire with a section on aspects related to eating behaviors. The following eating behaviors were considered healthy: consuming breakfast, drinking water, and having meals accompanied by parents or legal guardians. All prevalence estimates were presented proportionally, with their respective 95% confidence intervals. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the differences in healthy eating habits prevalences according to other variables. The module survey of the Stata program version 13.0 was used to analyze complex data. RESULTS We evaluated 74,589 adolescents (72.9% of the eligible students). Of these, 55.2% were female, average age being 14.6 years (SD = 1.6). Among Brazilian adolescents, approximately half of them showed healthy eating habits when consuming breakfast, drinking five or more glasses of water a day, and having meals with parents or legal guardians. All analyzed healthy eating habits showed statistically significant differences by sex, age, type of school, session of study, or geographic region. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that specific actions of intersectoral approach are implemented for the dissemination of the benefits of healthy eating habits. Older female adolescents (15 to 17 years old) who studied in public schools, resided in the Southeast region, and whose mothers had lower education levels, should be the focus of these actions since they present lower frequencies concerning the evaluated healthy habits. RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever a prevalência de comportamentos alimentares considerados saudáveis em adolescentes brasileiros, segundo sexo, idade, escolaridade da mãe, tipo de escola, turno de estudo e região geográfica. MÉTODOS Os dados analisados provêm do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA), estudo transversal, nacional e de base escolar. Foram avaliados adolescentes de 1.247 escolas em 124 municípios brasileiros, utilizando questionário autopreenchível que incluía um bloco sobre aspectos relacionados ao comportamento alimentar. Foram considerados saudáveis os seguintes comportamentos alimentares: consumo de café da manhã, ingestão de água e realização de refeições com os pais ou responsáveis. As estimativas das prevalências foram apresentadas em proporções, com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. O teste Qui-quadrado foi utilizado para avaliar a diferença das prevalências dos comportamentos alimentares saudáveis de acordo com as demais variáveis. Utilizou-se o módulo survey do programa Stata versão 13,0 para análise de dados de amostra complexa. RESULTADOS Foram avaliados 74.589 adolescentes (72,9% dos alunos elegíveis). Desses, 55,2% eram do sexo feminino e a média de idade foi de 14,6 anos (DP = 1,6). Entre os adolescentes brasileiros, aproximadamente metade apresentou comportamentos alimentares saudáveis quanto ao consumo de café da manhã, realização de refeições com os pais ou responsáveis e ingestão de cinco ou mais copos de água por dia. Todos os comportamentos alimentares saudáveis analisados apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa por sexo, idade, tipo de escola, turno de estudo ou região geográfica. CONCLUSÕES Sugere-se que ações específicas, de abordagem intersetorial, sejam implementadas para a disseminação dos benefícios dos comportamentos alimentares saudáveis. Adolescentes do sexo feminino, mais velhos (15 a 17 anos), cujas mães têm escolaridade mais baixa, alunos de escolas públicas e da região Sudeste, deveriam ser o foco dessas ações já que são os que apresentam menores frequências dos comportamentos saudáveis analisados.

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Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:27:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0034-89102016000200306.pdf: 419935 bytes, checksum: d7fa2f48d7b9e477b060d8abf7ad79c6 (MD5) Brazilian Department of Science and Technology at the Secretariat of Science and Technology Strategic Inputs of the Ministry of Health (Departamento de Ciencia e Tecnologia da Secretaria de Ciencia e Tecnologia e Insumos Estrategicos do Ministerio da Saude - Decit/SCTIE/MS) Health Fund Sector (Fundo Setorial de Saude - CT-health) at the Ministry of science, Technology and Innovation (Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao - MCTI) FINEP Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) hospital research incentive fund for Clinics in Porto Alegre (fundo de incentivo a Pesquisa do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA) OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension and obesity and the population attributable fraction of hypertension that is due to obesity in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: Data from participants in the Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), which was the first national school-based, cross-section study performed in Brazil were evaluated. The sample was divided into 32 geographical strata and clusters from 32 schools and classes, with regional and national representation. Obesity was classified using the body mass index according to age and sex. Arterial hypertension was defined when the average systolic or diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to the 95th percentile of the reference curve. Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of arterial hypertension and obesity, both on a national basis and in the macro-regions of Brazil, were estimated by sex and age group, as were the fractions of hypertension attributable to obesity in the population. RESULTS: We evaluated 73,399 students, 55.4% female, with an average age of 14.7 years (SD = 1.6). The prevalence of hypertension was 9.6% (95% CI 9.0-10.3); with the lowest being in the North, 8.4% (95% CI 7.7-9.2) and Northeast regions, 8.4% (95% CI 7.6-9.2), and the highest being in the South, 12.5% (95% CI 11.0-14.2). The prevalence of obesity was 8.4% (95% CI 7.9-8.9), which was lower in the North region and higher in the South region. The prevalences of arterial hypertension and obesity were higher in males. Obese adolescents presented a higher prevalence of hypertension, 28.4% (95% CI 25.5-31.2), than overweight adolescents, 15.4% (95% CI 17.0-13.8), or eutrophic adolescents, 6.3% (95% CI 5.6-7.0). The fraction of hypertension attributable to obesity was 17.8%. CONCLUSIONS: ERICA was the first nationally representative Brazilian study providing prevalence estimates of hypertension in adolescents. Regional and sex differences were observed. The study indicates that the control of obesity would lower the prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian adolescents by 1/5. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Estudos Saude Colet, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacl Saude Publ Sergio Arouca, Dept Epidemiol & Metodos Quantitat Saude, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Nucleo Estudos Saude Adolescente, Fac Ciencia Med, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Inst Med Social, Programa Posgrad Saude Colet, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Minist Saude, Secretaria Vigilancia Saude, Dept Vigilancia Doencas & Agravos Nao Transmiss &, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Nutr Josue de Castro, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Fac Med, Dept Med Interna, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Serv Endocrinol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Fundacao Inst Brasileiro Geog & Estat, Escola Nacl Ciencias Estat, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Fed Univ Para, Inst Ciencias Saude, BR-66059 Belem, Para, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Enfermagem Saude Colet, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Dept Saude, Feira De Santana, BA, Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Programa Posgrad Saude Colet, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Dept Nutr, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Hosp Clin, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Inst Nutr, Ctr Biomed, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Fed Amapa, Macapa, AP, Brazil Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil Univ Fed Amazonas, Fac Educ Fis & Fisioterapia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Dept Enfermagem, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Ctr Ciencias Saude, Dept Nutr, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Ctr Biociencias, Dept Morfol, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Dept Saude Colet, Inst Saude Colet, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil Univ Fed Bahia, Hosp Ana Neri, Salvador, BA, Brazil Pontificia Univ Catolica Parana, Escola Med, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Univ Fed Pernambuco, Ctr Acad Vitoria, Recife, PE, Brazil Univ Brasilia, Dept Nutr, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil Univ Fed Rondonia, Nucleo Saude, Dept Educ Fis, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Enfermagem, Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Piaui, Ctr Ciencias Saude, Dept Nutr, Teresina, PI, Brazil Univ Fed Goias, Fac Med, Goiania, Go, Brazil Univ Fed Maranhao, Univ Hosp, Serv Cardiol, Sao Luis, MA, Brazil Univ Fed Ceara, Fac Med, Dept Saude Comunitaria, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Univ Fed Sergipe, Ctr Ciencias Biol & Saude, Dept Med, Aracaju, SE, Brazil Univ Fed Paraiba, Ctr Ciencias Saude, Dept Nutr, BR-58059900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil Univ Fed Alagoas, Dept Nutr, Maceio, AL, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FINEP: 01090421 CNPq: 2010/565037-2 hospital research incentive fund for Clinics in Porto Alegre (fundo de incentivo a Pesquisa do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA): 405,009/FIPE-2012-7