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Objective: First, to study how markers of matrix metabolism, inflammation markers, and adipokines relate to (superior) cam deformity and (possible) cam impingement of the hip. Second, to investigate whether they can identify subjects with cam deformity that are at risk of future hip osteoarthritis (OA)., Method: In a cohort of 1002 subjects (CHECK), (superior) cam deformity was defined by an alpha angle >60° on anteroposterior pelvic radiographs and (possible) cam impingement by a cam deformity together with internal hip rotation ≤20°. Hip OA at 5-year follow-up was defined by Kellgren and Lawrence grade ≥2 or total hip replacement., Results: Subjects with (superior) cam deformity and (possible) cam impingement showed lower levels of bone turnover markers (uCTX-I, uNTX-I, sPINP, sOC) than those without. Cam deformity was positively associated with future hip OA, but associations were weaker at high levels of bone turnover. sCOMP and sHA levels were higher in subjects with cam deformity, while other cartilage and synovium markers were not. Some markers of inflammation (pLeptin, pAdiponectin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) were lower in presence of cam deformity and cam impingement, but high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was not. Most associations depended largely on gender differences., Conclusion: Bone metabolism may be relevant in the pathogenesis of (superior) cam deformity and in the development of (superior) cam deformity into hip OA. Subjects with cam deformity and cam impingement surprisingly showed lower levels of inflammation markers and adipokines. Associations of cartilage turnover markers with cam deformity and cam impingement were less obvious., (Copyright © 2015 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate cross-sectional and predictive associations of plasma adipokines with biochemical markers of systemic joint metabolism and radiographic signs of early-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA)., Design: The adipokines pLeptin, pAdiponectin, and pResistin, the cartilage markers C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen (uCTX-II), N-terminal propeptide of type IIA procollagen (sPIIANP), chondroitin sulfate 846 (sCS846), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP), and the synovial markers hyaluronic acid (sHA) and N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (sPIIINP) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or radioactive immunoassay in baseline samples of Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK), a cohort of 1002 subjects with early-stage symptomatic knee and/or hip OA. Knee radiographs were obtained at baseline and after 2 and 5 years and scored according to Kellgren & Lawrence., Results: pLeptin showed positive associations with uCTX-II, sCOMP, sPIIANP, sHA, and sPIIINP, and with presence and progression of radiographic knee OA. Associations expectedly disappeared after adjustment for body mass index. pResistin showed positive associations with sPIIINP and present and incident radiographic knee OA that were largely independent of BMI. pAdiponectin showed positive associations with uCTX-II and sCOMP. Furthermore, pAdiponectin did not show associations with radiographic knee OA on itself, but associations of pResistin with present radiographic knee OA were stronger in higher pAdiponectin tertiles (P = 0.024 for interaction between pAdiponectin and pResistin). Although statistically significant, all associations were weak., Conclusions: Adipokines may have aggravating, although may be minor, structural effects in early-stage knee OA., (Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Adipose tissue is an endocrine tissue releasing adipokines suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Nevertheless, their relative contribution and exact mechanisms are still ambiguous. The aim of this study is to compare serum adipokine levels between end-stage knee OA patients and controls and to relate these serum levels to local parameters of cartilage damage and synovial inflammation., Methods: Serum was collected from 172 severe knee OA patients, shortly before total knee replacement (TKR) surgery and from 132 controls without radiographic knee OA [Kellgren & Lawrence (K&L) = 0]. Serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cartilage and synovial tissue were collected at TKR surgery and assessed for cartilage degeneration and synovial inflammation by histochemistry and biochemical analyses., Results: The adipokine levels were all distinctly higher in OA patients as compared to controls. Especially adiponectin and leptin were associated with female gender (stand beta = 0.239 and 0.467, respectively, P < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (stand beta = -0.189 and 0.396, respectively, P < 0.001). No associations between serum levels of adipokines and cartilage damage (histochemistry, proteoglycan content) were found whereas weak but positive associations with synovial inflammation were found [adiponectin and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), stand beta = 0.172, P = 0.02; resistin and histology, stand beta = 0.183, P = 0.034, adjusted for demographics]., Conclusion: This study suggests an important involvement of adipokines in OA patients considering their high serum levels compared to controls. Associations of systemic adipokines with local synovial tissue inflammation were found, although not represented by similar relations with cartilage damage, suggesting that adipokines are of relevance in the inflammatory component of OA., (Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)