1. Magnitude and phenotype of cellular immune responses elicited by recombinant adenovirus vectors and heterologous prime-boost regimens in rhesus monkeys.
- Author
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Liu J, Ewald BA, Lynch DM, Denholtz M, Abbink P, Lemckert AA, Carville A, Mansfield KG, Havenga MJ, Goudsmit J, and Barouch DH
- Subjects
- Animals, Gene Products, gag genetics, Gene Products, gag immunology, Immunization methods, Immunization, Secondary methods, Interferon-gamma biosynthesis, Interleukin-2 biosynthesis, Macaca mulatta, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biosynthesis, Adenoviridae immunology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Genetic Vectors immunology, SAIDS Vaccines immunology
- Abstract
Recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) vaccine vectors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other pathogens have been shown to elicit antigen-specific cellular immune responses. Rare serotype rAd vectors have also been constructed to circumvent preexisting anti-Ad5 immunity and to facilitate the development of novel heterologous rAd prime-boost regimens. Here we show that rAd5, rAd26, and rAd48 vectors elicit qualitatively distinct phenotypes of cellular immune responses in rhesus monkeys and can be combined as potent heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens. While rAd5-Gag induced primarily gamma interferon-positive (IFN-gamma(+)) and IFN-gamma(+)/tumor necrosis factor alpha(+) (TNF-alpha(+)) T-lymphocyte responses, rAd26-Gag and rAd48-Gag induced higher proportions of interleukin-2(+) (IL-2(+)) and polyfunctional IFN-gamma(+)/TNF-alpha(+)/IL-2(+) T-lymphocyte responses. Priming with the rare serotype rAd vectors proved remarkably effective for subsequent boosting with rAd5 vectors. These data demonstrate that the rare serotype rAd vectors elicited T-lymphocyte responses that were phenotypically distinct from those elicited by rAd5 vectors and suggest the functional relevance of polyfunctional CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte responses. Moreover, qualitative differences in cellular immune responses may prove critical in determining the overall potency of heterologous rAd prime-boost regimens.
- Published
- 2008
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