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Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer worldwide. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) are important tumour suppressors and antagonists of the Wnt signalling pathway, which is linked with cancer development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of SFRP1, SFRP2, and SFRP5 proteins in tumour and non-tumour (NT) samples obtained from 65 patients with primary NSCLC. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the concentrations of SFRPs in the tissue homogenates. A significantly lower SFRP2 protein concentration was found in the total NSCLC tumour samples and the following NSCLC subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) ( p > 0.05, p = 0.028 and p = 0.001, respectively). AC tumour samples had a higher SFRP1 level than NT samples ( p = 0.022), while the highest SFRP1 concentration was found in NSCLC samples from patients with clinical stage T4 cancer. Increased concentrations of SFRP1 and SFRP5 were present in stage III NSCLC samples, while the tumour samples with high pleural invasion (PL2) had an increased level of SFRP2. The results from this study suggest that the tumour suppressor or oncogenic roles of SFRPs could be connected with the NSCLC subtype. The levels of SFRPs varied according to the clinicopathological parameters of NSCLC.

Colorectal cancer is a common malign disease of the gastrointestinal tract. The cancer survival rate depends on the stage of the disease at detection time. It is well known that several molecular mechanisms are involved in cancer and some molecules might affect or modulate cancerogenesis. The aim of the study was to assess the levels of sICAM-1, sELAM-1, TNFα and sTNFR1 protein in tumor and corresponding normal mucosa in a group of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma and also associations of these parameters with demographic and clinical profiles of the patients. Tissue specimens were obtained during resection of neoplastic lesions. Protein levels were assayed in tissue homogenates by ELISA. The protein level of sICAM-1 in tumor was significantly increased in comparison to the corresponding normal mucosa (80.06 ng/mg vs 69.53 ng/mg, p=0.02). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between sICAM-1 and sTNFR1 proteins levels in tumor (rs=0.58, p<0.001) and in corresponding normal mucosa (rs=0.48, p<0.001) was found. Also, significant correlations in corresponding normal mucosa were found between sELAM-1 and sICAM-1 (rs=0.58, p<0.001) and between sTNFR1 and sELAM-1 (rs=0.57, p<0.001). Significantly higher level of sTNFR1 in corresponding normal mucosa samples of patients with distant metastases was observed (p=0.04). Obtained results suggest that sICAM-1 protein could be considered as colorectal cancer marker. Furthermore, sTNFR1 also has the potential to become a good prognostic marker used during monitoring of the patients. Nevertheless, a further study in this area to confirm this correlation is required.

Background: 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is one of the most abundant oxidatively modified lesions in DNA and is a marker of the oxidative stress. 8-OHdG is a mutagenic lesion and it can mispair with adenine, causing G:C→T: A transversion. Our task was to determine the 8-OHdG level in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma directly in tumor tissues and corresponding normal mucosa., Material/methods: Samples of tumor tissues and corresponding normal mucosa of 47 patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer were analyzed. DNA was isolated from both tumor and normal tissues. Then, DNA was hydrolyzed to nucleotides using nuclease P1 and alkaline phosphatase. The 8-OHdG and 2'-dG (2'-deoxyguanosine) were determined in hydrolysates by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical (EC) and UV detector., Results: The levels of 8-OHdG in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were higher than in corresponding normal mucosa. No significant differences were shown in 8-OHdG levels in the cancerous and cancer-free tissues between age and sex and stages A/B and C/D of Duke's classification., Conclusions: 8-OHdG reflects the local oxidative stress in colon adenocarcinoma tissue together with ageing processes, but not the intensity of tumorigenesis itself. Because of many factors that could influence the oxidative modification of DNA bases, its role as a diagnostic and/or prognostic factor in colon adenocarcinoma seems to be limited.

Oxidative stress is one of several factors which contribute to the development of colorectal carcinogenesis. The aim of the study was an assessment of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tumour and corresponding normal distal mucosa in a group of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Samples of tumour and corresponding normal mucosa were obtained during a resection of colorectal cancer from 47 patients aged between 26 and 82 years. The average distance of corresponding normal distal mucosa from the tumour was 4.49 cm. Activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT) were measured in tissue homogenates. The patients were grouped according to the tumour stage (Duke's staging), grading, localization, and size of tumour, as well as age and sex. Statistical analysis was performed. The activity of SOD and GPx was considerably increased, while the activity of GST decreased significantly in tumour as compared with normal mucosa. GR activity in colorectal cancer was evidently higher in tumours of proximal location compared with the distal ones. The distance of corresponding normal distal mucosa from the tumour was analyzed and related to all assayed parameters. A decreased GST activity was observed in corresponding normal mucosa more than 5 cm distant from the tumour in patients with CD Duke's stage. The higher activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in tumour compared to corresponding normal mucosa could indicate higher oxidative stress in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.

Objective: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a very important role in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. They are produced in cells constitutively or induced under stress conditions. During carcinogenesis, HSPs have been reported to show alteration of their expression levels., Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was assessment of the concentration of HSP 27 in tumour and adjacent distal normal mucosa in colorectal adenocarcinomas., Material and Methods: Samples of tumour tissues and adjacent distal normal colon tissues were obtained during resection operations from 47 patients aged between 26-82. Average distance of adjacent distal normal mucosa from the tumour was 4.49 cm. In tissues homogenate total protein level and concentration of HSP 27 were assayed. The patients were grouped according to clinical classification (Duke's staging), grade of differentiation, localization, and size of tumour, as well as age and sex. Relation between adjacent distal normal mucosa collected in different distances from the tumour and compared to concentration of HSP 27 was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed., Results: The concentration of HSP 27 was significantly increased in adjacent distal normal tissues compared with tumour tissues. Moreover, the concentration of HSP 27 was increased in adjacent normal tissues in patients with CD Duke's staging compared to patients with AB Duke's staging. No differences in concentration of HSP 27 between tumour and normal tissues compared with grade of differentiation, localization, and size oftumour, as well as age and sex were observed. No relation between adjacent distal normal mucosa collected in different distances from the tumour and compared to concentration of HSP 27 was observed., Conclusions: The higher concentration of HSP 27 in adjacent distal normal mucosa can be a response to stress factors related with metabolic changes of cancer tissues or can be a protective function to stress factors of the tumour.