1. DNA nucleobase synthesis at Titan atmosphere analog by soft X-rays.
- Author
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Pilling S, Andrade DP, Neto AC, Rittner R, and Naves de Brito A
- Subjects
- Adenine chemistry, Atmosphere chemistry, Carbon Dioxide chemical synthesis, Carbon Dioxide chemistry, Carbon Monoxide chemical synthesis, Carbon Monoxide chemistry, Cyanates chemical synthesis, Cyanates chemistry, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Hydrocarbons, Aromatic chemical synthesis, Hydrocarbons, Aromatic chemistry, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Methane chemical synthesis, Methane chemistry, Nitriles chemical synthesis, Nitriles chemistry, Nitrogen chemistry, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Water chemistry, X-Rays, Adenine chemical synthesis, Adenine radiation effects, Extraterrestrial Environment chemistry, Saturn
- Abstract
Titan, the largest satellite of Saturn, has an atmosphere chiefly made up of N(2) and CH(4) and includes traces of many simple organic compounds. This atmosphere also partly consists of haze and aerosol particles which during the last 4.5 gigayears have been processed by electric discharges, ions, and ionizing photons, being slowly deposited over the Titan surface. In this work, we investigate the possible effects produced by soft X-rays (and secondary electrons) on Titan aerosol analogs in an attempt to simulate some prebiotic photochemistry. The experiments have been performed inside a high vacuum chamber coupled to the soft X-ray spectroscopy beamline at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source, Campinas, Brazil. In-situ sample analyses were performed by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The infrared spectra have presented several organic molecules, including nitriles and aromatic CN compounds. After the irradiation, the brownish-orange organic residue (tholin) was analyzed ex-situ by gas chromatographic (GC/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) techniques, revealing the presence of adenine (C(5)H(5)N(5)), one of the constituents of the DNA molecule. This confirms previous results which showed that the organic chemistry on the Titan surface can be very complex and extremely rich in prebiotic compounds. Molecules like these on the early Earth have found a place to allow life (as we know) to flourish.
- Published
- 2009
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