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This research investigates the biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and tribological properties of a hybrid composite material composed of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), hydroxyapatite (HAp), and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ti O 2 ). The study explores the microstructural characteristics of the composite material using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Samples of HDPE-30%HAp with varying concentrations of Ti O 2 (5, 10, 15, and 20%) were prepared and extruded using a twin-screw machine. The hybrid composite materials underwent mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, and hardness), tribological tests (friction and wear rate), and antibacterial tests (resistance to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria). The results indicate that the optimal hybrid composite sample was HDPE-30%HAP-10% Ti O 2 , which demonstrated excellent mechanical properties (maximum tensile strength of 25.93 MPa and young modulus of 480 MPa) and a low coefficient of friction (COF∼ 0.07) while achieving high wear resistance (wear rate in the order of 1 0 − 4 m m 3 N − 1 m − 1 ). The study shows that the improvement in mechanical properties results in a corresponding improvement in tribological properties. The antibacterial tests revealed that the hybrid composite material exhibited resistance to E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The findings of this study suggest that the HDPE-30%HAP-10% Ti O 2 composite is a promising material for use in biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and desirable mechanical and tribological properties. The study demonstrates the potential of reinforced hybrid composite materials in overcoming the disadvantages of monolithic and hybrid micro-composites and highlights the importance of investigating the microstructural, tribological, and mechanical strength characteristics of composite materials for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, since the discovery of Nano-additives especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, many interesting articles on composites with CNTs have been studied. CNTs have attracted considerable interest in all fields of science because of its unique characteristics. In this study, aluminum (Al) matrix reinforcement by the different volume fraction of Al2O3 and CNTs composites have been manufactured by using a powder metallurgy technique. The effects of tribological behaviors, density, hardness, and compression strength behavior of aluminum matrix Nano-composite were investigated before and after Hot Isostatic pressing (HIP). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were employed to check the CNTs and hybrid composites. Results show that the density of nanocomposites decreased by 38% but after HIP, the density decreased by 45%. In addition, the hardness enhanced by 40% but, after HIP the hardness became 67%. On the other side, the compressive strength enhanced by 38% and 60% before and after HIP respectively. The coefficient of friction of nanocomposites are improved by 39%, 48% with HIP and without HIP while the wear rates improved by the addition of Al2O3 and CNTs at all volume fraction by 20%, but after HIP the enhancement became 45% at all volume concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]