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Purpose: To observe long-term changes of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the eyes of patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease using an adaptive optics (AO) fundus camera, and their correlation with the findings of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus autofluorescence (AF) imaging. Patients and methods: Three eyes of two patients with new-onset acute VKH disease were retrospectively studied. After the serous retinal detachment was resolved by high-dose corticosteroid treatment, the patients were examined with SD-OCT, blue-wavelength AF, near-infrared (NIR) AF, and an AO fundus camera. AO images of the macula were obtained using the rtx1TM, AO fundus camera. The area around the foveal center of the hyper-reflective lesion in AO imaging was measured manually. The time at which the serous retinal detachment resolved was set as the baseline, and AO and other images were obtained every 3 to 6 months from the baseline. Results: In all three eyes, lesions with elevation or thickening of the RPE layer were observed with OCT imaging in the macula after the serous retinal detachment resolved. These lesions showed hyper-autofluorescence in NIR-AF image and hyper-reflective lesions with clear boundaries in AO image. The area of the hyper-reflective lesions of AO images in each eye showed an approximately 40% decrease at 6 months from baseline. However, the hyper-reflective lesion remained to some extent after 18 months in case 1 and 36 months in case 2. Conclusions: By using OCT, fundus autofluorescence and AO images, it was possible to observe temporal changes of RPE layer in VKH eyes noninvasively. High-resolution AO images also allow us to observe for improvements in the elevation or thickening of the RPE layer quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Our purpose was to study changes in macular cone photoreceptors in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease patients after high-dose corticosteroid treatment using an adaptive optics (AO) fundus camera.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 16 eyes of eight patients with new-onset acute VKH disease that were studied retrospectively. After serous retinal detachment (SRD) had resolved, AO images were obtained using the rtx1™ AO fundus camera over a 12-month course. Cone counting was performed in the nasal, temporal, superior and inferior areas of the macula 0.75 mm from the foveal center. A control group of 30 eyes of 30 healthy subjects was established for comparison.Results: In the eyes with VKH disease, the mean cone densities 0.75 mm from the foveal center were 11,847 at baseline (resolution of SRD), and 15,218, 16,684 and 17,686 cones/mm2, at 3, 6, and 12 months later, respectively. The mean cone densities at 3, 6, and 12 months were significantly increased compared to those of baseline (p = 0.007, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively); however, they were significantly lower than that of the healthy control eyes (p < 0.001). The mean cone densities at areas with a previous presence of cystoid spaces were significantly lower than those without cystoid spaces at the baseline, and at 3, 6, and 12 months (p < 0.001, p = 0.007, p < 0.001, and p = 0.008, respectively).Conclusions: Cone densities were gradually increased after the resolution of SRD in the eyes of VKH disease patients. The presence of cystoid spaces might be a marker of severe damage to cone photoreceptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to observe photoreceptors and outer retinal layer thickness by using an adaptive optics (AO) fundus camera and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: Twelve eyes of 12 patients with resolved CSC were studied. After subretinal fluid (SRF) had resolved, AO images of the macula were obtained by using the rtx1 AO fundus camera (Imagine Eyes, France). Cones in the nasal and temporal areas of the macula, 0.5 mm from the foveal center, were counted. Outer retinal layer thickness was measured as the distance between the outer border of external limiting membrane (ELM) and the inner border of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) at 0.5 mm from the foveal center. The first measurement was performed after resolution of the subretinal fluid and was defined as the baseline. Then, the second measurement was performed in the same location after 12 months. Results: In the eyes with resolved CSC, the mean logMAR values of visual acuity at baseline and 12 months were 0.16 and 0.01, respectively ( p = 0.0023). The mean cone densities at baseline and 12 months were 12,213 and 17,146 cones/mm, respectively. The mean cone densities at 12 months were significantly increased compared to baseline ( p = 0.0014). The mean outer retinal layer thickness at baseline (53.5 μm) was significantly thinner than that at 12 months (60.7 μm) ( p = 0.0013). The mean cone densities were significantly correlated with outer retinal layer thickness and logMAR visual acuity. Conclusions: Adaptive optics imaging revealed a gradual increase in the number of macular cone densities during 12 months in patients with resolved CSC, which was correlated with outer retinal layer thickness and visual acuity in a short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine cone photoreceptors in the macula of patients with retinitis pigmentosa using an adaptive optics fundus camera and to investigate any correlations between cone photoreceptor density and findings on optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence. Methods: We examined two patients with typical retinitis pigmentosa who underwent ophthalmological examination, including measurement of visual acuity, and gathering of electroretinographic, optical coherence tomographic, fundus autofluorescent, and adaptive optics fundus images. The cone photoreceptors in the adaptive optics images of the two patients with retinitis pigmentosa and five healthy subjects were analyzed. Results: An abnormal parafoveal ring of high-density fundus autofluorescence was observed in the macula in both patients. The border of the ring corresponded to the border of the external limiting membrane and the inner segment and outer segment line in the optical coherence tomographic images. Cone photoreceptors at the abnormal parafoveal ring were blurred and decreased in the adaptive optics images. The blurred area corresponded to the abnormal parafoveal ring in the fundus autofluorescence images. Cone densities were low at the blurred areas and at the nasal and temporal retina along a line from the fovea compared with those of healthy controls. The results for cone spacing and Voronoi domains in the macula corresponded with those for the cone densities. Conclusion: Cone densities were heavily decreased in the macula, especially at the parafoveal ring on high-density fundus autofluorescence in both patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Adaptive optics images enabled us to observe in vivo changes in the cone photoreceptors of patients with retinitis pigmentosa, which corresponded to changes in the optical coherence tomographic and fundus autofluorescence images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We observed cone photoreceptors by using adaptive optics (AO) fundus camera and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and examined the correlations between cone photoreceptors and visual function over 2 years. Methods: Six patients with RP were studied. All patients underwent measurement using best-corrected decimal visual acuity, OCT, a Humphrey Field Analyzer with the 10-2 test grid pattern, and AO. AO images of the foveal center were obtained using an rtx1™ AO fundus camera, and cone counting was performed at 0.5 mm from the foveal center. Results: AO detected a decrease of cone density over 2 years in RP patients. However, visual acuity, foveal sensitivity, and photoreceptor thickness were not changed over the 2 years. Conclusions: AO images showed a decrease in the number of foveal cone densities over 2 years in patients with RP. AO may shorten the period required to predict the RP progression rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]