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Introduction and purpose Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common abdominal conditions leading to hospital admissions worldwide. It is characterized by an inflammatory reaction triggered by the premature activation of trypsinogen and other enzymes, resulting in pancreatic autodigestion. While most cases of AP are mild and self-limiting, approximately 15-20% of patients develop severe AP with organ failure, which is associated with a mortality rate of up to 30%. In recent years, the impact of intestinal microbiome dysregulation on various diseases has been increasingly debated. This study aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis and progression of acute pancreatitis. Material and methods This review is based on materials collected from the PubMed database. We conducted a search using the following keywords: "acute pancreatitis," "microbiome," and "dysbiosis," focusing on articles published between 2018 and 2024. Results Studies have demonstrated a relationship between gut dysbiosis and various disorders, including digestive, metabolic, and even cancer-related conditions. It is well-established that the pancreas is closely connected to the intestines, and its exocrine function can influence the composition of the gut microbiome. This interaction is often referred to as the “gut–pancreas axis.” Conclusion The interaction between the pancreas and intestinal microbiota is believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Further research into this relationship could lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Introduction and purpose Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a prevalent abdominal condition that leads to hospitalizations worldwide. It involves an inflammatory response caused by the premature activation of trypsinogen and other enzymes, leading to the pancreas digesting itself. While most AP cases are mild and resolve on their own, around 15-20% of patients experience severe AP with organ failure, which carries a mortality rate of up to 30%. In recent years, the influence of gut microbiome imbalances on various diseases has gained attention. This study aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the development and progression of acute pancreatitis. Material and methods This review is based on information gathered from the PubMed database. We performed a search using the keywords: "acute pancreatitis," "microbiome," and "dysbiosis," with a focus on articles published between 2018 and 2024. Results Research has shown a link between gut dysbiosis and a range of conditions, including digestive, metabolic, and cancer-related disorders. The pancreas has a well-documented connection with the intestines, with its exocrine activity affecting gut microbiome composition. This relationship is commonly known as the "gut–pancreas axis." Conclusion The interplay between the pancreas and gut microbiota is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Continued investigation into this connection may pave the way for novel diagnostic and treatment approaches.