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Unidentified opistognathid. Lissner and Dorsey (1986) observed from a manned submersible a jawfish they were unable to identify at Tanner��� Cortes Bank, southern California., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 150, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Lissner, A. L. & Dorsey, J. H. (1986) Deep-water biological assemblages of a hard-bottom bank-ridge complex of the southern California continental borderland. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 85, 87 - 101."]}

XXanthichthys lineopunctatus (Holland, 1854). Reported from Isla Guadalupe, central Baja California (Reyes-Bonilla et al. 2010). However, this species does not appear to live in the eastern Pacific (Robertson and Allen 2008, Froese and Pauly 2019) and this record is likely in error., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Reyes-Bonilla, H., Ayala-Bocos, A., Gonzalez-Romero, S., Sanchez-Alcantara, I., Mendoza, M. W., Bedolla-Guzman, Y. R., Ramirez-Valdez, A., Calderon-Aguilera, L. E. & Olivares-Banuelos, N. C. (2010) Checklist and biogeography of fishes from Guadalupe Island, western Mexico. CalCOFI Reports, 51, 195 - 209.","Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2008) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System. Version 1.0 (2008). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa.","Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (Eds). (2019) FishBase. World Wide Web Electronic Publication. www. fishbase. org, version (12 / 2019)."]}

Xanthichthys mento (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882). Crosshatch Triggerfish or Redtail Triggerfish. To 30 cm (11.7 in) TL (Randall 1996). Tropical Pacific Ocean; scattered locations in the eastern Pacific including Ventura, southern California (Miller and Lea 1972), Isla Guadalupe, Rocas Alijos, tip of Baja California, and Colombia (Robertson and Allen 2015). Benthic; depth: surface to 158 m (518 ft) (min.: Eschmeyer and Herald 1983; max.: Weijerman et al. 2019)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Randall, J. (1996) Shore Fishes of Hawaii. National World Press, Vida.","Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N. (1972) Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin, 157.","Robertson, D. R. and Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System. Version 2.0 (2008). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa. http: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages","Eschmeyer, W. N. & Herald, E. S. (1983) A Field Guide to Pacific Coast Fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.","Weijerman, M., Gruss, A., Dove, D., Asher, J., Williams, I. D., Kelley, C. & Drazen, J. (2019) Shining a light on the composition and distribution patterns of mesophotic and subphotic fish communities in Hawai'i. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 630, 161 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 13135"]}

Balistes polylepis Steindachner, 1876. Finescale Triggerfish. To 80 cm (31.5 in) TL (De La Cruz-Ag��ero et al. 1997). Metlakatla, south-eastern Alaska (Karinen et al. 1985; see comment under Melichthys niger below) to San Antonio (about 33��32���S), central Chile (Brito 2003), including Gulf of California (Bussing in Fischer et al. 1995), Islas Gal��pagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997), and Hawai���i (Randall and Mundy 1998). Only one Alaska record and isolated records from Washington to California; most common south of California (Mecklenburg et al. 2002). Benthic; depth: 2���512 m (6���1,680 ft) (min.: Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California; max.: Miller and Lea 1972)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["De La Cruz-Aguero, J., Martinez, M. A., Cota-Gomez, V. M. & De La Cruz-Aguero, G. (1997) Catalogo de los Peces Marinos de Baja California Sur. Centro Interdiscipinario de Ciencias Marinas.","Karinen, J. F., Wing, B. L. & Straty, R. R. (1985) Records and sightings of fish and invertebrates in the eastern Gulf of Alaska and oceanic phenonmenon related to the 1983 El Nino event. In: Wooster, W. S. & Fluherty, D. L. (Eds.), El Nino North: Nino Effects in the Eastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean. Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, Seattle.","Brito, J. L. (2003) Nuevos registros de Balistes polylepis (Balistidae), Sphoeroides lobatus (Tetraodontidae), Mola mola y M. ramsayi (Molidae) en San Antonio, Chile (Pisces, Tetraodontiformes). Investigaciones Marinas, Valparaiso, 31, 77 - 83.","Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (1995) Guia FAO para la identificacion para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Volume II, Vertebrados, Parte 1. Volume III, Vertebrados, Parte 2. FAO, Rome.","Grove, J. S. & Lavenberg, R. J. (1997) The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford.","Randall, J. & Mundy, B. C. (1998) Balistes polylepis and Xanthichthys caeruleolineatus, two large triggerfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Balistidae) from the Hawaiian Islands, with a key to Hawaiian species. Pacific Science, 52, 322 - 333.","Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N. (1972) Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin, 157."]}

* Canthidermis maculata (Bloch, 1786). Rough Triggerfish. To 50 cm (19.7 in) (Robertson and Allen 2015). Circumglobal; western Pacific Ocean north to Yonaguni-jima Island, Japan (Koeda et al. 2016); near tip of Baja California (Robertson and Allen 2015), and in mouth of Gulf of California (to about 30 miles north of Cabo San Lucas) (John Snow, pers. comm. to M.L.) to Ecuador and offshore islands (Robertson and Allen 2015). Benthic; depth: surface to 110 m (361 ft) (min.: Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California; max.: Robertson and Allen 2015)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. and Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System. Version 2.0 (2008). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa. http: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages","Koeda, K., Hibino, Y., Yoshida, T., Kimura, Y., Miki, R., Kunishima, T., Sasaki, D., Furukawa, T., Sakurai, M., Eguchi, K., Suzuki, H., Inaba, T., Uejo, T., Tanaka, S., Fujisawa, M., Wada, H. & Uchiyama, T. (2016) Annotated Checklist of Fishes of Yonaguni-jima Island, the Westernmost Island in Japan. Kagoshima University Museum, Korimoto, Kagoshima."]}

Melichthys niger (Bloch, 1786). Black Durgon or Black Triggerfish. To 51 cm (20 in) TL (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983). Circumglobal; western Pacific Ocean north to Ryukyu Islands, Japan (Hayashi in Nakabo 2002); San Diego, southern California to southern Gulf of California (Robertson and Allen 2002), Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia (Robertson and Allen 2015), and Ecuador, including Islas Gal��pagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Not confirmed north of Mexico since it was reported off San Diego in the 1800s (Miller and Lea 1972, Eschmeyer and Herald 1983). A report of this fish from Metlatkatla, Alaska (Karinen et al. 1985), represents a misidentified Balistes polylepis Steindachner, 1876 (Mecklenburg et al. 2002). Benthic; depth: surface to 75 m (246 ft) (min.: Lieske and Myers 2002; max.: Matsuura in Carpenter and Niem 2001)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Eschmeyer, W. N. & Herald, E. S. (1983) A Field Guide to Pacific Coast Fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.","Nakabo, T. (Ed.). (2002) Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. Tokai University Press, Tokyo.","Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2002) Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific: an information system. CD-ROM. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.","Robertson, D. R. and Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System. Version 2.0 (2008). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa. http: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages","Grove, J. S. & Lavenberg, R. J. (1997) The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford.","Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N. (1972) Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin, 157.","Karinen, J. F., Wing, B. L. & Straty, R. R. (1985) Records and sightings of fish and invertebrates in the eastern Gulf of Alaska and oceanic phenonmenon related to the 1983 El Nino event. In: Wooster, W. S. & Fluherty, D. L. (Eds.), El Nino North: Nino Effects in the Eastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean. Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, Seattle.","Lieske, E. & Myers, R. (2002) Coral Reef Fishes. Revised Edition. Princeton University Press, Princeton.","Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (Eds.). (2001) The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony Fishes Part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Volime 6. Bony Fishes Part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), Estuarine Crocodiles, Sea Turtles, Sea Snakes and Marine Mammals. FAO, Rome."]}

Pseudobalistes naufragium (Jordan & Starks, 1895). Blunthead Triggerfish or Stone Triggerfish. To 1 m (39.4 in) TL (Allen and Robertson 1994). Bah��a Almejas (24��22.7���N, 111��42.6���W), southern Baja California (Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California) to Chile (Peque��o 1989), including Gulf of California (Robertson and Allen 2015), and Islas Gal��pagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Marine and brackish waters (Romero-Berny 2018); benthic; depth: 0.6���100 m (2���328 ft) (min.: Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California; max.: Amezcua Linares 1996). Extensive molecular analyses of the species in the family Balistidae strongly suggests that this species should be called Balistes naufragium Jordan and Starks, 1895 (McCord and Westneat 2016)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Jordan, D. S. & Starks, E. C. (1895) The fishes of Puget Sound. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 5, 785 - 855.","Allen, G. R. & Robertson, D. R. (1994) Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.","Pequeno R., G. (1989) Peces de Chile lista sistematica revisada y comentada. Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografia, 24, 1 - 132.","Robertson, D. R. and Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System. Version 2.0 (2008). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa. http: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages","Grove, J. S. & Lavenberg, R. J. (1997) The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford.","Romero-Berny, E. I., Velazquez-Velaquez, E., Anzueto-Calvo, M. J., Urbina-Trejo, E. & Schmitter-Soto, J. J. (2018) The fish fauna of three lagoon-estuarine systems in the northeastern Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexican south Pacific. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89, 87 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2018.1.1927","Amezcua Linares, F. (1996) Peces Demersales de la Platforma Continental del Pacifico Central de Mexico. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.","McCord, C. L. & Westneat, M. W. (2016) Phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of BMP 4 in triggerfishes and filefishes (Balistoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 94, 397 - 409. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2015.09.014"]}

Sufflamen verres (Gilbert & Starks, 1904). Orangeside Triggerfish. To 41 cm (16.1 in) TL (John Snow, pers. comm. to M.L.). Isla de Cedros, central Baja California (Ram��rez-Valdez et al. 2015) and, on mainland, Isla Asuncion (27��06���N, 114��18���W), southern Baja California (M.L., unpubl. data) to central Gulf of California and Ecuador (B��arez 1996), including Islas Gal��pagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Benthic; depth: surface (nightlight: Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California), 2���47 m (6���154 ft) (min.: Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California; max.: John Snow, pers. comm.)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Ramirez-Valdez, A., Aburto-Oropeza, O., Palacios-Salgado, D. S., Reyes-Bonilla, H., Dominguez Guerro, I., Hinojosa Arango, G., Correa S., F., Villasenor-Derbez, J. C., Cota-Nieto, J. J. & Hernadez-Velasco, A. (2015) The nearshore fishes of the Cedros Archipelago (north-eastern Pacific) and their biogeographic affinities. CalCOFI Reports, 56, 143 - 167.","Bearez, P. (1996) Lista de los peces marinos del Ecuador continental. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44, 731 - 741.","Grove, J. S. & Lavenberg, R. J. (1997) The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford."]}

BALISTIDAE Balistes capriscus Gmelin, 1789 Balistes capriscus: Liebman, 1934; Stern, 2010; Klopman, 2011 (Parasit.); Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Lipsky, 2012 (Art. Reef); Levitt, 2012. Balistes sp.: Hornell, 1935. Balistes carolinensis: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953c; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Lourie, 1972 (Ichthyoplan., Heb.); Fischthal, 1980 (Parasit.); Golani & Kredo, 1981 (Fish., Heb.); Diamant, 1983 (Heb.); Spanier et al., 1989a; Spanier et al., 1989b; Spanier et al., 1990; Barshaw & Spanier, 1994 (Feed.); Zohar et al., 1994 (Syst.); Spanier, 1995; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Zohar et al., 1997; Spanier, 2000 (Art. Reef); Golani, 2005; Gweta et al., 2008; Sonin, 2009; Frid, 2015 (Fish.); Goren, et al., 2016. MONACANTHIDAE * Stephanolepis diaspros Fraser-Brunner, 1940 Monacanthus setifer: W. Steinitz, 1927; Spicer, 1931; Liebman, 1934; Hornell, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Haas & Steinitz, 1947. Stephanolepis ocheticus: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953b. Stephanolepis weberi: Fowler & Steinitz, 1956. Stephanolepis diaspros: Ben-Tuvia, 1966; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Lourie, 1972 (Ichthyoplan., Heb.); Tom, 1976 (Heb.); Ben-Tuvia, 1978; Por, 1978; Spanier et al., 1983; Ben-Tuvia, 1985; Spanier et al., 1985; Spanier et al., 1989a; Spanier et al., 1989b; Spanier et al., 1990; Townsend & El Rashidi, 1991 (Ichthyoplan.); Darom & Tsurnamal, 1992 (Heb.); Spanier, 1995; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Spanier, 2000 (Art. Reef); Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2003; Ethad, 2004 (Heb.); Golani, 2005; Goren & Galil, 2005; Edelist, 2006 (Art. Reef); Golani et al., 2007; Edelist & Spanier, 2009 (Art. Reef); Stern, 2010; Klopman, 2011 (Parasit.); Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Brand, 2013; Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.). OSTRACIIDAE * Ostracion cubucus Linnaeus, 1758 Ostracion cubucus: Katsanevakis et al., 2020 * Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tetrosomus gibbosus: Spanier & Goren, 1988; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005. Tetrasomus gibbosus: Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1989. TETRAODONTIDAE Lagocephalus guentheri Miranda Ribeiro, 1915 * Tetrodon spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953b. Sphoeroides spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1966. Sphaeroides spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Ben-Tuvia, 1978; Por, 1978. Lagocephalus spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1985; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1989; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Brand, 2013; Frid, 2015 (Fish.); Goren, et al., 2016; Arndt et al., 2018. Lagocephalus guentheri: Matsuura et al., 2011; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.). Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) * Lagocephalus sceleratus: Golani & Levy, 2005; Bentur, et al., 2008 (Pois.); Sonin, 2009 (Heb.); Stern, 2010; Levitt, 2012; Edelist, 2013 b (Fish.); Frid, 2015 (Fish.); Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.); Mienis, 2018. * Lagocephalus suezensis Clark & Gohar, 1953 Lagocephalus suezensis: Golani, 1993b (Feed.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Brand, 2013; Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.); Arndt et al., 2018. Sphoeroides pachygaster (Müller & Troschel, 1848) Sphoeroides pachygaster: Golani, 1996; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005. * Torquigener flavimaculosus Hardy & Randall, 1983 Torquigener flavimaculosus: Golani, 1987a; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1989; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.). * Tylerius spinosissimus (Regan, 1908) Tylerius spinosissimus: Golani et al. 2011b DIODONTIDAE * Cyclichthys spilostylus (Leis & Randall, 1982) Chilomycterus spilostylus: Golani, 1993; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2010. MOLIDAE Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) Mola mola: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) Ranzania truncata: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a. Ranzania laevis: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. MONACANTHIDAE * Stephanolepis diaspros Fraser-Brunner, 1940 Monacanthus setifer: W. Steinitz, 1927; Spicer, 1931; Liebman, 1934; Hornell, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Haas & Steinitz, 1947. Stephanolepis ocheticus: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953b. Stephanolepis weberi: Fowler & Steinitz, 1956. Stephanolepis diaspros: Ben-Tuvia, 1966; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Lourie, 1972 (Ichthyoplan., Heb.); Tom, 1976 (Heb.); Ben-Tuvia, 1978; Por, 1978; Spanier et al., 1983; Ben-Tuvia, 1985; Spanier et al., 1985; Spanier et al., 1989a; Spanier et al., 1989b; Spanier et al., 1990; Townsend & El Rashidi, 1991 (Ichthyoplan.); Darom & Tsurnamal, 1992 (Heb.); Spanier, 1995; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Spanier, 2000 (Art. Reef); Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2003; Ethad, 2004 (Heb.); Golani, 2005; Goren & Galil, 2005; Edelist, 2006 (Art. Reef); Golani et al., 2007; Edelist & Spanier, 2009 (Art. Reef); Stern, 2010; Klopman, 2011 (Parasit.); Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Brand, 2013; Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.). OSTRACIIDAE * Ostracion cubucus Linnaeus, 1758 Ostracion cubucus: Katsanevakis et al., 2020 * Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tetrosomus gibbosus: Spanier & Goren, 1988; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005. Tetrasomus gibbosus: Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1989. TETRAODONTIDAE Lagocephalus guentheri Miranda Ribeiro, 1915 * Tetrodon spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953b. Sphoeroides spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1966. Sphaeroides spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Ben-Tuvia, 1978; Por, 1978. Lagocephalus spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1985; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1989; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Brand, 2013; Frid, 2015 (Fish.); Goren, et al., 2016; Arndt et al., 2018. Lagocephalus guentheri: Matsuura et al., 2011; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.). Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) * Lagocephalus sceleratus: Golani & Levy, 2005; Bentur, et al., 2008 (Pois.); Sonin, 2009 (Heb.); Stern, 2010; Levitt, 2012; Edelist, 2013 b (Fish.); Frid, 2015 (Fish.); Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.); Mienis, 2018. * Lagocephalus suezensis Clark & Gohar, 1953 Lagocephalus suezensis: Golani, 1993b (Feed.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Brand, 2013; Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.); Arndt et al., 2018. Sphoeroides pachygaster (Müller & Troschel, 1848) Sphoeroides pachygaster: Golani, 1996; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005. * Torquigener flavimaculosus Hardy & Randall, 1983 Torquigener flavimaculosus: Golani, 1987a; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1989; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.). * Tylerius spinosissimus (Regan, 1908) Tylerius spinosissimus: Golani et al. 2011b DIODONTIDAE * Cyclichthys spilostylus (Leis & Randall, 1982) Chilomycterus spilostylus: Golani, 1993; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2010. MOLIDAE Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) Mola mola: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) Ranzania truncata: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a. Ranzania laevis: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. OSTRACIIDAE * Ostracion cubucus Linnaeus, 1758 Ostracion cubucus: Katsanevakis et al., 2020 * Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tetrosomus gibbosus: Spanier & Goren, 1988; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005. Tetrasomus gibbosus: Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1989. TETRAODONTIDAE Lagocephalus guentheri Miranda Ribeiro, 1915 * Tetrodon spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953b. Sphoeroides spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1966. Sphaeroides spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Ben-Tuvia, 1978; Por, 1978. Lagocephalus spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1985; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1989; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Brand, 2013; Frid, 2015 (Fish.); Goren, et al., 2016; Arndt et al., 2018. Lagocephalus guentheri: Matsuura et al., 2011; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.). Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) * Lagocephalus sceleratus: Golani & Levy, 2005; Bentur, et al., 2008 (Pois.); Sonin, 2009 (Heb.); Stern, 2010; Levitt, 2012; Edelist, 2013 b (Fish.); Frid, 2015 (Fish.); Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.); Mienis, 2018. * Lagocephalus suezensis Clark & Gohar, 1953 Lagocephalus suezensis: Golani, 1993b (Feed.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Brand, 2013; Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.); Arndt et al., 2018. Sphoeroides pachygaster (Müller & Troschel, 1848) Sphoeroides pachygaster: Golani, 1996; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005. * Torquigener flavimaculosus Hardy & Randall, 1983 Torquigener flavimaculosus: Golani, 1987a; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1989; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.). * Tylerius spinosissimus (Regan, 1908) Tylerius spinosissimus: Golani et al. 2011b DIODONTIDAE * Cyclichthys spilostylus (Leis & Randall, 1982) Chilomycterus spilostylus: Golani, 1993; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2010. MOLIDAE Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) Mola mola: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) Ranzania truncata: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a. Ranzania laevis: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. TETRAODONTIDAE Lagocephalus guentheri Miranda Ribeiro, 1915 * Tetrodon spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953b. Sphoeroides spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1966. Sphaeroides spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Ben-Tuvia, 1978; Por, 1978. Lagocephalus spadiceus: Ben-Tuvia, 1985; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1989; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Brand, 2013; Frid, 2015 (Fish.); Goren, et al., 2016; Arndt et al., 2018. Lagocephalus guentheri: Matsuura et al., 2011; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.). Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) * Lagocephalus sceleratus: Golani & Levy, 2005; Bentur, et al., 2008 (Pois.); Sonin, 2009 (Heb.); Stern, 2010; Levitt, 2012; Edelist, 2013 b (Fish.); Frid, 2015 (Fish.); Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.); Mienis, 2018. * Lagocephalus suezensis Clark & Gohar, 1953 Lagocephalus suezensis: Golani, 1993b (Feed.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Brand, 2013; Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.); Arndt et al., 2018. Sphoeroides pachygaster (Müller & Troschel, 1848) Sphoeroides pachygaster: Golani, 1996; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005. * Torquigener flavimaculosus Hardy & Randall, 1983 Torquigener flavimaculosus: Golani, 1987a; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1989; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.). * Tylerius spinosissimus (Regan, 1908) Tylerius spinosissimus: Golani et al. 2011b DIODONTIDAE * Cyclichthys spilostylus (Leis & Randall, 1982) Chilomycterus spilostylus: Golani, 1993; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2010. MOLIDAE Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) Mola mola: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) Ranzania truncata: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a. Ranzania laevis: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. DIODONTIDAE * Cyclichthys spilostylus (Leis & Randall, 1982) Chilomycterus spilostylus: Golani, 1993; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2010. MOLIDAE Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) Mola mola: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) Ranzania truncata: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a. Ranzania laevis: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. MOLIDAE Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) Mola mola: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) Ranzania truncata: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a. Ranzania laevis: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005.

This checklist of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel enumerates 469 species which is an addition of 62 species since the previous checklist of 2005. This new checklist includes 58 Condrichthys and 411 Osteicthys species. Most newly-recorded species are of Red Sea origin (Lessepsian migrants)—38 species, 25 species are from previously poorly investigated habitats, mainly deep water, while two species reached the Mediterranean most likely by ballast water and two are aquaculture escapees. The dramatic increase in the number of Lessepsian migrants (an average of 2.5 species per year) is most likely due to the increased water influx between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean, following the recent opening of the new parallel, 72 km, “new canal” and the enlargement of other parts of the Suez Canal.

Balistes capriscus Gmelin 1789 ���Grey triggerfish Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Balistes capriscus Linnaeus 1758 by George et al. (1964: 24); subsequently recorded as Balistes carolinensis Gmelin by Mouneimn�� (1977: 66); as Balistes carolinensis Gmelin 1789 by Mouneimn�� (2002: 242���243); recently recorded as Balistes carolinensis by Harmelin-Vivien et al. (2005: 629). Material in collection: AUBM and USNM. Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, Atlantic Ocean. Conservation. IUCN: Global (VU: A2bd, 6 June 2011); Med. (NE). Capture and threats: FIT, unknown. Occurrence: Common. Low priority for conservation action., Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887, {"references":["George, C. J., Athanassiou, V. A. & Boulos, I. (1964) The fishes of the coastal waters of Lebanon. Miscellaneous Papers in the Natural Sciences. The American University of Beirut, 4, 1 - 24.","Mouneimne, N. (1977) Liste des poissons de la cote du Liban (Mediterranee orientale). Cybium, 3 (1), 37 - 66.","Mouneimne, N. (2002) Poissons marins du Liban et de la Mediterranee orientale. INCAM-EU / CNRS Lebanon, Beyrouth, 271 pp.","Harmelin-Vivien, M. L., Bitar, G., Harmelin, J. G. & Monestiez, P. (2005) The littoral fish community of the Lebanese rocky coast (eastern Mediterranean Sea) with emphasis on Red Sea immigrants. Biological Invasions, 7, 625 - 637. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 004 - 5852 - 4"]}

This is an annotated checklist of the marine fish species of Lebanon (Levant coast, eastern Mediterranean). It comprises a total of 367 fish species distributed in 159 families and 27 orders, out of which 70 species are non-indigenous and 28 are recorded for the first time from Lebanon. The checklist includes all names and citations of species found in the literature, as well as references to specimens available in museum collections. It also includes an updated zoogeographic distribution and conservation status for each species. Threats were estimated based on surveys and observations made over the last two decades; broadly categorized conservation actions were also suggested.

Balistoides viridescens (Bloch & Schneider 1801) —Titan triggerfish (Fig. 162) Status at New Ireland. New record, based on specimens observed at Kavieng fish market in 2004–2005 by Jeff Kinch during CFMDP Survey, and by Barry C. Russell on 7 June 2014; a specimen photographed at Lissenung Island by Dietmar Amon on 11 Oct. 2007 a video of a specimen taken at Anelaua Island, off eastern New Hanover, 4–12 m depth, St. KR 130, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Red Sea and East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New South Wales (Australia) and Tonga. Found in lagoon and seaward reefs and sheltered inner coral and rocky reef slopes; juveniles often associated with isolated patches of branching coral or rubble of shallow sandy protected areas, including tidal pools; adults occur singly or in pairs on the slopes of deep lagoon or seaward reefs, 0–50 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Melichthys vidua (Richardson [ex Solander] 1844)—Pinktail triggerfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from Lihir Group, Namatamai District, New Ireland by Fry et al. (2006: 129). Photograph of a specimen from Kavieng, New Ireland taken on 1 June 2013 during ACIAR Aquarium Survey; a video of a specimen taken off southern New Hanover at 3–47 m depth, St. KR 106, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: East and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Line, Marquesas and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Found in seaward coral reefs with rich invertebrate growth, 4–60 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Fry, G. C., Brewer, D. T. & Venables, W. N. (2006) Vulnerability of deepwater demersal fishes to commercial fishing: Evidence from a study around a tropical volcanic seamount in Papua New Guinea. Fisheries Research, 81, 126 - 141."]}

Rhinecanthus verrucosus (Linnaeus 1758) —Blackpatch triggerfish (Fig. 164) Status at New Ireland. First recorded from Port Praslin, New Ireland as Balistes praslinoides by Lesson (1831: 117, poissons pl. 9, fig. 3), based on MNHN B.1771; reported as Balistes verrucosus by Günther (1910: 445), and from St. Mathias by Duncker & Mohr (1929: 74). Specimens observed in Kavieng Lagoon by Jeff Kinch during ACIAR Aquarium Survey in 2013 (see Teitelbaum et al. 2013: 15, R. verucosus); a specimen photographed at Lissenung Island, Kavieng District, 1 m depth, by Dean Tully on 27 June 2014; a video of a specimen taken in Senta Passage, east of New Hanover, at 5–16 m depth, St. KR118, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). ZMH material. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2, 3, 4.—General distribution: Seychelles and Chagos Archipelago east to western Caroline Islands and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in sheltered areas of mixed coral and rubble, or in seagrass habitats, 1–20 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Lesson, R. P. (1831) Poissons. In: Duperrey, L. I. (ed.), Foyage autour du monde, ..., sur la corvette de La Majeste La Coquille, pendant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825..., Zoologie tome 2. Paris. (Pt. 1, text): 66 - 238; Atlas (1832): pls. 1 - 38.","Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1910) Andrew Garrett's Fische der Sudsee. Band III, Heft IX. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, Hamburg, 6 (17), i-vi + 389 - 515, pls. 161 - 180.","Duncker, G. & Mohr, E. (1929) Die Fische der Sudsee-Expedition der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung 1908 - 1909. 3. Teil. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 44, 57 - 84.","Teitelbaum, A., Nahacky, A. & Kinch, J. (2013) A commercial survey of aquarium fish species in the Kavieng Lagoon, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. Report, James Cook University, Townsville, 1 - 21."]}

Abalistes stellatus (Anonymous 1798) —Starry triggerfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Ireland as Balistes stellatus by Günther (1910: 437). Specimens observed at Kavieng fish market in 2004–2005 by Jeff Kinch during CFMDP Survey. NTUM material. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Solitary on muddy or fine silty sand bottoms, occasionally near reefs, 4–120 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1910) Andrew Garrett's Fische der Sudsee. Band III, Heft IX. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, Hamburg, 6 (17), i-vi + 389 - 515, pls. 161 - 180."]}

Pseudobalistes fuscus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) —Bluestriped triggerfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a video of a specimen taken on east side of Tsoileunung Island, southeast of New Hanover, at 6–21 m depth, St. KR124, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1.—General distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Australia and New Caledonia. Solitary in sheltered reefs, lagoon and on seaward reef slopes, 1–50 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Rhinecanthus aculeatus (Linnaeus 1758) —Blackpatch triggerfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from Carteret Harbour, New Ireland as Balistes aculeatus by Peters (1877: 852). A specimen photographed at Lissenung Island, Kavieng District by Dietmar Amon on 20 Feb. 2010. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2, 3.—General distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal, South Africa; Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Australia and Lord Howe Island. Found on reef flats or in coral reef lagoons, 0–50 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on pages 323-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Peters, W. C. H. (1877) Ubersicht der wahrend der von 1874 bis 1876 unter der Commando des Hrn. Capitan z. S. Freiherrn von Schleinitz ausgefuhrten Reise S. M. S. Gazelle gesammelten und von der Kaiserlichen Admiralitat der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften ubersandten Fische. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preuss [ischen] Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 831 - 854."]}

Canthidermis maculata (Bloch 1786) —Oceanic triggerfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on specimens observed at Kavieng fish market in 2004–2005 by Jeff Kinch during CFMDP Survey; a video of a specimen taken in Senta Passage, east of New Hanover, at 5–16 m depth, St. KR 118, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and temperate oceans. Epipelagic in coastal and offshore waters, 1–110 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Balistapus undulatus (Park 1797) —Orange-lined triggerfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Ireland and New Hanover by Peters (1877: 852); reported from St. Mathias as Balistes undulatus by Duncker & Mohr (1929: 76), from St. George Canal, New Ireland by Munro (1958: 287–288), and from Lihir Group, Namatamai District by Fry et al. (2006: 129). A specimen photographed on 4 June 2013 in Kavieng region during ACIAR Aquarium Survey. ZMH material. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.—General distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Line, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia. Found in coral-rich areas of seaward reefs, 1–50 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Peters, W. C. H. (1877) Ubersicht der wahrend der von 1874 bis 1876 unter der Commando des Hrn. Capitan z. S. Freiherrn von Schleinitz ausgefuhrten Reise S. M. S. Gazelle gesammelten und von der Kaiserlichen Admiralitat der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften ubersandten Fische. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preuss [ischen] Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 831 - 854.","Duncker, G. & Mohr, E. (1929) Die Fische der Sudsee-Expedition der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung 1908 - 1909. 3. Teil. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 44, 57 - 84.","Munro, I. S. R. (1958) The fishes of the New Guinea region. Fishery Bulletin, Territory of Papua and New Guinea, Port Moresby, 1, 97 - 369.","Fry, G. C., Brewer, D. T. & Venables, W. N. (2006) Vulnerability of deepwater demersal fishes to commercial fishing: Evidence from a study around a tropical volcanic seamount in Papua New Guinea. Fisheries Research, 81, 126 - 141."]}

Balistoides conspicillum (Bloch & Schneider 1801) —Clown triggerfish (Fig. 161) Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Ireland as Balistes conspicillum by Lesson (1831: 112, poissons pl. 9, fig. 1). Specimens photographed at Lissenung Island by Dietmar Amon on 17 Apr. 2007 and 6 Apr. 2008; a video of a specimen taken off Patio Island, southeast of New Hanover at 5–14 m depth, St. KR 96, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: East and South Africa, Seychelles and Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Hokkaido (Japan) and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Found in clear seaward coral and rocky reefs adjacent to steep dropoffs, 1–75 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Lesson, R. P. (1831) Poissons. In: Duperrey, L. I. (ed.), Foyage autour du monde, ..., sur la corvette de La Majeste La Coquille, pendant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825..., Zoologie tome 2. Paris. (Pt. 1, text): 66 - 238; Atlas (1832): pls. 1 - 38."]}

Sufflamen fraenatum (Latreille 1804) —Bridled triggerfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a specimen observed on north coast of Kavieng District, 2–24 m depth, St. T 7, on 1 Nov. 2006, by Gerald R. Allen. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Australia, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. Found on sand-rubble bottoms of seaward reefs, 8–186 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Sufflamen chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider 1801) —Flagtail triggerfish, halfmoon triggerfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Hanover as Balistes niger by Günther (1910: 439). A specimen photographed at Lissenung Island, Kavieng District, 6 m depth, by Dean Tully on 22 June 2013. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Found in coastal to seaward coral and rocky reefs, from silty lagoons to pristine outer reef walls, 1–30 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1910) Andrew Garrett's Fische der Sudsee. Band III, Heft IX. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, Hamburg, 6 (17), i-vi + 389 - 515, pls. 161 - 180."]}

Melichthys niger (Bloch 1786) —Black triggerfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a video of a specimen taken at Kavieng, Kavieng District, 0–11 m depth, St. KR22, 5 June 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell); another taken on east side of Tsoileunung Island, southeast of New Hanover, at 6–21 m depth, St. KR124, in 2014. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and temperate oceans. Found in seaward reefs, 2–75 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on pages 321-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean, White, William T. (2019): Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records. Zootaxa 4588 (1): 1-360, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1

Rhinecanthus rectangulus (Bloch & Schneider [ex Lacepède & Commerson] 1801)—Wedgetail triggerfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a video of a specimen taken at Kavieng, Kavieng District, 0–11 m depth, St. KR22, 5 June 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: Red Sea, East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island and Kermadec Islands, and Hawaiian Islands. Found on reef flats or in seaward coral reefs, 1–12 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Sufflamen bursa (Bloch & Schneider 1801) —Scythe triggerfish, boomerang triggerfish (Fig. 165) Status at New Ireland. New record based on specimens photographed on 1–2 June 2013 during ACIAR Aquarium Survey in Kavieng District; a specimen photographed at Lissenung Island by Dietmar Amon on 23 July 2006; a video of a specimen taken off southern New Hanover at 3–47 m depth, St. KR 106, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: East and South Africa, Seychelles and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa. Found in clear inner and outer coral and rocky reef habitats from exposed algae reef flats to deep along drop-offs, 3–90 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Odonus niger (Rüppell 1836) —Redtooth triggerfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Ireland by Allen & Erdmann (2012: 1063). A specimen photographed at Kavieng on 3 June 2013 during ACIAR Aquarium Survey (see Teitelbaum et al. 2013: 15); specimens photographed at Lissenung Island by Dietmar Amon on 22 June 2008; a video of a specimen taken at Nubilus Island, off eastern New Hanover, 3–25 m depth, St. KR90, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Marquesas and Society islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Found in current-swept seaward coral and rocky reefs, 5–40 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Allen, G. R. & Erdmann, M. V. (2012) Reef fishes of the East Indies, volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research, Perth [vol. I: x + 424 pp + end note; vol. II: 425 - 855; vol. III: preface, map, contents and 857 - 1260.]","Teitelbaum, A., Nahacky, A. & Kinch, J. (2013) A commercial survey of aquarium fish species in the Kavieng Lagoon, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. Report, James Cook University, Townsville, 1 - 21."]}

BALISTIDAE Abalistes stellatus (Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (Baranes 2005), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes stellatus; Sanzo 1930, as Balistes lineatus), Eritrea (Rüppell 1829, as Balistes stellatus; Sanzo 1930, as Balistes lineatus), Saudi Arabia (Bogorodsky et al. 2014b), Yemen (Heda et al. 1998, as Abalistis stellatus). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Palau, Fiji and Tonga. Balistapus undulatus (Park 1797) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952), Israel (Steinitz & Ben-Tuvia 1955), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes undulatus), Sudan (Edwards & Rosewell 1981), Eritrea (Tortonese 1947a), Saudi Arabia (Rüppell 1829, as Balistes lineatus; Roux-Estève 1956). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Line and Marquesas islands and Tuamotu Archipelago. Balistoides viridescens (Bloch & Schneider 1801) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: ¯ Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes viridescens), Sudan (Edwards & Rosewell 1981), Eritrea (Rüppell 1829, as Balistes viridescens), Saudi Arabia (Botros 1971, as Balistes viridescens). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group. Canthidermis macrolepis (Boulenger 1888) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (Baranes 2005). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Lieske & Myers 2010), Eritrea (Tortonese 1956, as Canthidermis longirostris). General distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden and southern Oman. Odonus niger (Rüppell 1836) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952), Israel (Ben-Tuvia & Steinitz 1952, as Zenodon erythrodon), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes erythrodon), Eritrea (Botros 1971, as Balistes niger), Saudi Arabia (Rüppell 1837, as Xenodon niger). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Marquesas and Society islands. Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus (Rüppell 1829) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: ¯ Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes flavimarginatus), Sudan (Bamber 1915, as Balistes flavimarginatus), Eritrea (Tortonese 1956), Saudi Arabia (Rüppell 1829, as Balistes flavimarginatus). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Marshall Islands east to Tuamotu Archipelago. Pseudobalistes fuscus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) Gulf of Suez: Egypt (Botros 1971, as Balistes fuscus). Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Lieske & Myers 2010), Israel (Ben-Tuvia & Steinitz 1952, as Xanthichthys fuscus), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes fuscus), Sudan (Bamber 1915, as Balistes fuscus), Saudi Arabia (Rüppell 1829, as Balistes caerulescens; Rüppell 1837, as Balistes rivulatus). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago. Rhinecanthus assasi (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Gulf of Suez: Egypt (Botros 1971, as Balistes assasi). Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952), Israel (Ben-Tuvia & Steinitz 1952, as Rhinecanthus verrucosus), Jordan (Bouchon et al. 1981). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes assasi), Sudan (Bamber 1915, as Balistes assasi), Eritrea (Giglioli 1889, as Balistes assasi), Saudi Arabia (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775, as Balistes assasi; see Fricke 2008). General distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf. Sufflamen albicaudatum (Rüppell 1829) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Lieske & Myers 2010 as Sufflamen albicaudatus), Israel (Tortonese 1968, as Sufflamen albicaudatus), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997, as Sufflamen albicaudatus). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes niger), Saudi Arabia (Debelius 2007), Eritrea (Rüppell 1829, as Balistes albicaudatus). General distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf. Sufflamen fraenatum (Latreille 1804) Red Sea: Egypt (Haroun et al. 2017). Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: ¯ Red Sea main basin: (Randall 2005). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group.

The current checklist provides for each species of the Red Sea its records in the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea main basin and its general distribution.This new checklist of Red Sea fishes enumerates 1207 species, representing 164 families. Of these, 797 species were recorded from the Gulf of Aqaba and 339 from the Gulf of Suez. The number of species from the Gulf of Suez is evidently lower than the actual number not including 27 Lessepsian (Red Sea) migrants to the Mediterranean that most likely occur in the Gulf. The current list includes 73 species that were newly described for science since the last checklist of 2010. The most specious Osteichthyes families are: Gobiidae (134 species), Labridae (66), Apogonidae (59), Serranidae (including Anthiadinae) (44), Blenniidae (42), Carangidae (38), Muraenidae (36), Pomacentridae (35), Syngnathidae (34), Scorpaenidae (24) and Lutjanidae (23). Among the families of Chondrichthyes, the most specious families are the Carcharhinidae (18 species) and Dasyatidae (11). The total number of endemic species in the Red Sea is 174 species, of these, 34 species are endemic to the Gulf of Aqaba and 8 to the Gulf of Suez.

Family Balistidae Rafinesque 1810 †Acanthodermidae Bonaparte 1850b (family) † Acanthoderma Agassiz 1844, Published as part of Laan, Richard Van Der, 2018, Family-group names of fossil fishes, pp. 1-167 in European Journal of Taxonomy 466 on page 83, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.466, http://zenodo.org/record/5557557, {"references":["Bonaparte C. L. 1850 b. Conspectus systematis ichthyologiae Caroli-Luciani Bonaparte, Classis V Pisces, Editio reformata. E. J. Brill, Lugduni Batavorum, 1 folio table."]}

Family †Caproberycidae Patterson 1967 †Caproberycinae Patterson 1967: 88 (subfamily) † Caproberyx Regan 1911 †Alloberycinae Gayet 1982a: 28 (subfamily) † Alloberyx Gaudant 1969 † Stichocentridae Gayet 1982a: 32 (family) † Stichocentrus Patterson 1967 [name only, published after 1960, not available, Art. 13.1.1] † Stichocentridae Gayet 1982b: 99 (family) † Stichocentrus Patterson 1967, Published as part of Laan, Richard Van Der, 2018, Family-group names of fossil fishes, pp. 1-167 in European Journal of Taxonomy 466 on page 74, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.466, http://zenodo.org/record/5557557, {"references":["Patterson C. 1967. New Cretaceous berycoid fishes from the Lebanon. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 14 (3): 67 - 109. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36368748 [accessed 17 Jul. 2018].","Regan C. T. 1911. The anatomy and classification of the teleostean fishes of the orders Berycomorphi and Xenoberyces. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 8) 7 (37): 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692901","Gayet M. 1982 a. Essai de definition des relations phylogenetiques des Holocentroidea nov. et des Trachichthyoidea nov. (Pisces, Acanthopterygii, Beryciformes). Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Section C, Sciences de la Terre, paleontologie, geologie, mineralogie (serie 4) 4 (1 - 2): 21 - 41. Available from http: // bibliotheques. mnhn. fr / EXPLOITATION / infodoc / ged / viewportalpublished. ashx? eid = IFD _ FICJOINT _ BMCTE _ S 004 _ 1982 _ T 004 _ N 001 _ 1 [accessed 16 Sep. 2018].","Gayet M. 1982 b. Etude anatomique et systematique des acanthopterygiens du Senonien de Sahel-Alma (Liban). Palaeontographia Italica 72: 98 - 136."]}

Melichthys indicus Randall & Klausewitz, 1973 Figure 2C We observed 146 individuals at 23 islands (29 sites) in all 6 geographical regions studied. Body dark grey to black, with jet black fins, white bank at bases of dorsal and anal fins and white margin around tail.

The collection of the Museu Oceanográfico D. Carlos I is a historical specimen, instrument, and document collection that has been housed at the Aquário Vasco da Gama since 1935. The collection is largely the result of several scientific campaigns conducted by Dom Carlos de Bragança between 1896 and 1907. Specifically, the ichthyological collection consists of 675 surviving catalogue records of specimens caught, acquired or offered to D. Carlos I between 1892 to 1907, and includes the type specimen for Odontaspisnasutus Bragança, 1904 (junior synonym of Mitsukurinaowstoni Jordan, 1898), along with several specimens of deep sea species. All specimens were captured in coastal Portuguese waters, and were preserved in alcohol, formalin, or mounted.

Family Balistidae Balistes capriscus Gmelin: Lobatostoma sp.

Alves, Philippe V., Vieira, Fabiano M., Santos, Cláudia P., Scholz, Tomáš, Luque, José L. (2015): A Checklist of the Aspidogastrea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) of the World. Zootaxa 3918 (3): 339-396, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3918.3.2

Fricke, Ronald, Allen, Gerald R., Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Hamel, Mélanie A., Laboute, Pierre, Mana, Ralph, Hui, Tan Heok, Uyeno, Daisuke (2014): Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Madang District, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 820 new records. Zootaxa 3832 (1): 1-247, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3832.1.1

Abalistes stellatus (Anonymous, 1798) Material examined. SMF 35101 (2: 24.0��� 25.1 cm); SMF 35103 (1: 5.3 cm); KAUMM 146 (1: 15.7 cm); KAUMM 147 (1: 4.6 cm)., Published as part of Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Alpermann, Tilman J., Mal, Ahmad O. & Gabr, Mohamed H., 2014, Survey of demersal fishes from southern Saudi Arabia, with five new records for the Red Sea, pp. 401-437 in Zootaxa 3852 (4) on page 433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225360

Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Alpermann, Tilman J., Mal, Ahmad O., Gabr, Mohamed H. (2014): Survey of demersal fishes from southern Saudi Arabia, with five new records for the Red Sea. Zootaxa 3852 (4): 401-437, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3852.4.1

Balistidae Balistapus undulatus (Park, 1797) ���Orange-lined triggerfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 5, CTR 0 7, CTR 0 8, CTR 0 9, CTR 11, CTR 14, CTR 15, CTR 16, CTR 17, CTR 19, CTR 22, CTR 27, CTR 30, CTR 31, CTR 32. AMS, ANSP, CAS, SU and WAM material (AMS IB. 7116, I. 16671 -064, I. 17080 -020, I- 17081 - 0 12, I. 17088 -047, I. 17089 -012, I. 17091 -009, I. 17505 -002; ANSP 117115, 117155, 117157, 117165, 117167, 117168, CAS 65637, 65638, 65639, 65640, 65641, 65642, 65643, 65644, 65645, 65649, 65650; SU 28693; WAM P. 29624 -010). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Line, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia. Found in coral-rich areas of seaward reefs, 1��� 50 m. Marine. Balistoides conspicillum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) ���Clown triggerfish (Fig. 30) STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed by P. Laboute at Tab Island on 27 Nov. 2012. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East and South Africa, Seychelles and Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Hokkaido (Japan) and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Found in clear seaward coral and rocky reefs adjacent to steep dropoffs, 1��� 75 m. Marine. Balistoides viridescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) ���Titan triggerfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 14, CTR 16 B, CTR 31. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New South Wales (Australia) and Tonga. Found in lagoon and seaward reefs and sheltered inner coral and rocky reef slopes; juveniles often associated with isolated patches of branching coral or rubble of shallow sandy protected areas, including tidal pools; adults occur singly or in pairs on the slopes of deep lagoon or seaward reefs, 0��� 50 m. Marine. Canthidermis maculata (Bloch, 1786) ���Oceanic triggerfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on KFRS and WAM material (WAM P. 30617 -007); previously reported as Canthidermis rotundatus (non Marion de Proc��, 1822) by Kailola (1975: 246). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Worldwide in tropical and temperate oceans. Epipelagic in coastal and offshore waters, 1��� 110 m. Marine. Melichthys vidua (Solander in Richardson, 1844) ���Pinktail triggerfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 16. AMS and ANSP material (AMS I. 17088 -048; ANSP 117156). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Line, Marquesas and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Found in seaward coral reefs with rich invertebrate growth, 4��� 60 m. Marine. Odonus niger (R��ppell, 1836) ���Redtooth triggerfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 13, CTR 24. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Marquesas and Society islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Found in current-swept seaward coral and rocky reefs, 5��� 40 m. Marine. Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus (R��ppell, 1829) ���Yellowmargin triggerfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 33. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in coastal to inner coral and rocky reefs and estuaries, often in silty habitats, 2��� 50 m. Transitional water and marine. Pseudobalistes fuscus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) ���Bluestriped triggerfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 13. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in clear shallow lagoons and seaward coral and rocky reefs; sandy areas near reef patches of reef edge are preferred, 5��� 50 m. Marine. Rhinecanthus rectangulus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) ���Wedgetail triggerfish STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang as Balistapus rectangulus by Herre (1933: 12). Specimens photographed at St. CTR 22. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Pitcairn Group, north to Izu and Ogasawara islands, south to Lord Howe and Kermadec islands. Found in algal reefs and shallow outer coral reefs subject to surge, 0��� 20 m. Marine. Rhinecanthus verrucosus (Linnaeus, 1758) ���Blackpatch triggerfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 6, CTR 14, CTR 17. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Seychelles and Chagos Archipelago east to western Caroline Islands and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in sheltered areas of mixed coral and rubble, or in seagrass habitats, 1��� 20 m. Marine. Sufflamen bursa (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) ���Scythe triggerfish, boomerang triggerfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 13, CTR 19, CTR 28. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East and South Africa, Seychelles and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa. Found in clear inner and outer coral and rocky reef habitats from exposed algae reef flats to deep along dropoffs, 3��� 90 m. Marine. Sufflamen chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) ���Flagtail triggerfish, halfmoon triggerfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 4, CTR 32. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Found in coastal to seaward coral and rocky reefs, from silty lagoons to pristine outer reef walls, 1��� 30 m. Marine. Sufflamen fraenatum (Latreille, 1804) ���Bridled triggerfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on WAM material (WAM P. 306230 -022). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe and Norfolk islands. Found on coastal coral and rocky reefs, often in silty habitats and in lagoons on open sand, 8��� 186 m. Marine. Xanthichthys auromarginatus (Bennett, 1832) ���Gilded triggerfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed by A. Berberian. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Mascarenes and Chagos Archipelago east to Hawaiian Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to southern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in current-swept seaward drop-offs and ledges with rich invertebrate growth, 8��� 150 m. Marine., Published as part of Fricke, Ronald, Allen, Gerald R., Andr��fou��t, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Hamel, M��lanie A., Laboute, Pierre, Mana, Ralph, Hui, Tan Heok & Uyeno, Daisuke, 2014, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Madang District, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 820 new records, pp. 1-247 in Zootaxa 3832 (1) on pages 192-194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3832.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/250559, {"references":["Kailola, P. J. (1975) A catalogue of the fish reference collection at the Kanudi Fisheries Research Laboratory, Port Moresby. Department of Agriculture, Stock & Fisheries, Port Moresby, Research Bulletin, 16, 1 - 277.","Herre, A. W. C. T. (1933) A check list of fishes known from Madang, New Guinea. Journal of the Pan-Pacific Research Institution, 8 (4), 12."]}

Family Balistidae Rafinesque 1810 Balistini Rafinesque 1810b:41 [ref. 3595] (ordine) Balistes [latinized to Balistia by Rafinesque 1815:92 [ref. 3584] (subfamily); latinized to Balistidae by Bonaparte 1831:186 [ref. 4978] (family); considered valid with this authorship by Gill 1893b:137 [ref. 26255], by Patterson 1993:653 [ref. 32940] and by Sheiko 2013:135 [ref. 32944] Article 11.7.2] Sclérodermes Cuvier 1816:149 [ref. 993] (family) Balistes [latinized to Sclerodermata by Schinz 1822:251 [ref. 3926] and by Minding 1832:V, 64 [ref. 3022]; latinized to Sclerodermi by Stark 1828:394 [ref. 4193]; latinized to Sclerodermatoidei by Agassiz in Spix & Agassiz 1829 –31:137 [ref. 13]; no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1], Published as part of Laan, Richard Van Der, Eschmeyer, William N. & Fricke, Ronald, 2014, Family-group names of Recent fishes, pp. 1-230 in Zootaxa 3882 (2) on page 133, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7047777, {"references":["Rafinesque, C. S. (1810 b) Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ossia, catalogo metodico dei nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia disposti secondo un metodo naturale e seguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione de alcuni nuovi pesci siciliani. Presso Giovanni del Nobolo, Messina, 70 pp., Pls. 1 - 2. [author given as Rafinesque Schmaltz, C. S. (this name was used by Rafinesque between 1810 and 1814), we use Rafinesque for simplicity] [ref. 3595] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6893","Rafinesque, C. S. (1815) Analyse de la nature, ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organises, Palerme, 224 pp. [Fishes on pp. 79 - 94] [before 21 July, ref. 3584]","Bonaparte, C. L. (1831) Saggio di una distribuzione metodica degli animali vertebrati, (1831), Roma, 78 pp. Saggio d'una distribuzione .. vertebrati a sangue freddo, (1832), Roma, 86 pp. also in Giornale Arcadico di Scienze Lettere ed Arti, 52 (1831), 155 - 189. Saggio di una distribuzione metodica deglianimali vertebrati (1832), 89 - 123. [pagination in all 4 works differs. We give those in`Giornale Arcadico' 52, often cited but perhaps not earliest] [ref. 4978]","Gill, T. N. (1893 b) Families and subfamilies of fishes. Memoirs of the National Academy of Science, 6 (6), 127 - 138. [ref. 26255]","Patterson, C. (1993) Osteichthyes: Teleostei. In: Benton, M. J. (Editor), The fossil record 2. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 621 - 663. [ref. 32970]","Sheiko, B. A. (2013) On family-group names of extant fishes and fish-like vertebrates of the world. Issledovaniya fauny morey [Explorations of the fauna of the seas], Zoological Institute RAS, St. Petersburg, 74 (82), 1 - 204. [ref. 32944]","Cuvier, G. (1816) Le Regne Animal distribue d'apres son organisation pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. Les reptiles, les poissons, les mollusques et les annelides, Tome II, Deterville, Paris, xviii + 532 pp., [Pls. 9 - 10] [November, ref. 993] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 41460","Schinz, H. R. (1822) Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden Anatomie. Mit vielen Zusatzenversehen von H. R. Schinz Band 2. Cotta, Stuttgart & Tubingen, xvi + 835 pp. [a translation, with emendations, of Cuvier's \" Regne animal 1816 \" [ref. 993], includes new names given by Schinz; see also Daget, J. (1968) Les poissons dans l'edition allemande du Regne Animal de Cuvier. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie 2, 39 (6) (1967), 1057 - 1059] [ref. 3926]","Minding, J. (1832) Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte der Fische. August Rucker, Berlin, xii + 132 pp. [ref. 3022] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58963","Stark, J. (1828) Elements of natural history, adapted to the present state of the science, containing the generic characters of nearly the whole animal kingdom, and descriptions of the principal species, Volumes 1 and 2. Adam Black & John Stark, Edinburgh, vi + 527 pp., 4 Pls. [Fishes are on pp. 371 - 493 of vol. 1] [ref. 4193] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23508","Spix, J. B. von & Agassiz, L. (1829 - 31) Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam annos MDCCCXVII - MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. … colleget et pingendso curavit Dr J. B. de Spix, digessit, descripsit et observationibus anatomicis illustravit dr. L. Agassiz, praefatus est et edidit itineris socius dr. F. C. Ph. de Martius. [A selection of genera and species of fishes from travels in Brazil in the years 1817 - 1820 by the order and under the auspicies of Maximiliani Josephi I. …, which were collected by and painted for Dr J. B. de Spix, ... with an account, descriptions and anatomical illustrations by dr. L. Agassiz, prefaced and edited by travelling companion dr. E. C. Ph. de Martius]. Munich, Part 1, i - xvi + i - ii + 1 - 82 pp., 48 Pls.; Part 2, 83 - 138 pp., Pls. 49 - 101. [part 1 published June 1829, part 2 published January 1831, ref. 13] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9366"]}

Laan, Richard Van Der, Eschmeyer, William N., Fricke, Ronald (2014): Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa 3882 (2): 1-230, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1

Balistes punctatus Gmelin, 1789 – Bluespotted triggerfish; Cangulo-pintado, ③ This seems a doubtful record for Madeira, which needs confirmation (Wirtz et al. 2008)., Published as part of Carneiro, Miguel, Martins, Rogélia, Landi, Monica & Costa, Filipe O., 2014, Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf, pp. 1-73 in European Journal of Taxonomy 73 on page 62, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.73, http://zenodo.org/record/3866515, {"references":["Wirtz P., Fricke R. & Biscoito M. J. 2008. The coastal fishes of Madeira Island - new records and an annotated check-list. Zootaxa 1715: 1 - 26."]}

Balistes vetula Linnaeus, 1758 – Queen triggerfish; Peixe-porco ②, Published as part of Carneiro, Miguel, Martins, Rogélia, Landi, Monica & Costa, Filipe O., 2014, Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf, pp. 1-73 in European Journal of Taxonomy 73 on page 62, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.73, http://zenodo.org/record/3866515

* □ Balistes capriscus Gmelin, 1789 – Grey triggerfish; Cangulo-cinzento ①, Peixe-porco ②③, Peixeburro ③, Published as part of Carneiro, Miguel, Martins, Rogélia, Landi, Monica & Costa, Filipe O., 2014, Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf, pp. 1-73 in European Journal of Taxonomy 73 on page 62, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.73, http://zenodo.org/record/3866515

The study of the Portuguese marine ichthyofauna has a long historical tradition, rooted back in the 18th Century. Here we present an annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Portuguese waters, including the area encompassed by the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf and the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections, together with new revisions and occurrences. It comprises a total of 1191 species, distributed among 3 superclasses, 4 classes, 42 orders, 212 families and 617 genera. If considering only the EEZ and present territorial waters, this list represents an increase of 230 species (27.8%) and of 238 species (29.0%), when compared to the information available in FishBase (2012) and in the last checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Portugal (1993), respectively. The order Perciformes shows the highest diversity, with 54 families, 162 genera and 299 species. Stomiidae (80 species), Myctophidae (71 species) and Macrouridae (37 species) are the richest families. From the listed species, 734 are present off mainland Portugal, 857 off the Azores and 766 off Madeira. Within the limits of the examined area, three species are reported for the first time in mainland Portugal and twenty-nine records are identified as doubtful. A total of 133 species have been recorded from the extended Portuguese continental shelf (2 off mainland Portugal, 117 off the Azores and 14 off Madeira), two of which are common to the Azores and Madeira extensions. Biogeographically, the Atlantic group is the most important (548 species – 46.01%), followed by the Lusitanian group (256 species – 21.49%), the African group (71 species – 5.96%), the Boreal group (34 species – 2.85%), the Mediterranean group (31 species – 2.60%), the Macaronesian group (21 species – 1.76%), the Atlantic/African group (19 species – 1.60%) and the Mediterranean/African and the Arctic groups, each with only 1 species (0.08%). Regarding the preferences for vertical habitat, the demersal fishes are the most important group (305 species – 25.61%), followed by the mesopelagic group (228 species – 19.14%), the bathypelagic group (164 species – 13.77%), the benthopelagic group (147 species – 12.34%), the bathydemersal group (115 species – 9.66%), the reef-associated group (88 species – 7.39%), the pelagic group (74 species – 6.21%), the epipelagic group (58 species – 4.87%) and 1 species (0.08%) of the benthic group. The oceanic habitat is the best represented group comprising 446 species (37.45%), followed by the shelf group (199 species – 16.71%), the slope group (164 species – 13.77%), the inner shelf group (89 species – 7.47%), the coastal group (70 species – 5.88%), the outer shelf group (29 species – 2.43%) and the oceanic/shelf group (7 species – 0.59%).

Family Balistidae Balistes vetula (IUCN: VU, Biodiversitas: Not included) Anisakis sp. Aponurus laguncula Callitetrarhynchus gracilis Callitetrarhynchus speciosus Callitetrarhynchus sp. Contracaecum sp. Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) travassosi Dichelyne sp. Hypocreadium biminensis Hysterothylacium sp. Neoapocreadium chabaudi Otobothrium sp. Rhadinorhyncus pristis Scolex pleuronectis Varelacreptotrema travassoi Xystretum pulchrum

Using available records, unpublished information retrieved from the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC) and published reports, a checklist of the recorded helminth parasites of endangered vertebrates from Brazil was generated. A total of 772 records and 186 helminth species (6 Acanthocephala, 83 Nematoda, 23 Cestoda, 64 Trematoda, 10 Monogenea) in 76 host species (7 Actinopterygii, 8 Chondrichthyes, 1 Amphibia, 10 Reptilia, 22 Aves, 28 Mammalia) from Brazil were listed in the present work, including 39 undetermined helminth species and 10 new host records. This is the first compilation of the helminth parasites of threatened vertebrates in Brazil and in the Neotropics.

Balistidae * Balistes capriscus Gmelin, 1789 ���Grey triggerfish Recorded from Madeira by Tortonese in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1335-1336) and Harmelin-Vivien & Qu��ro in Qu��ro et al. (1990: 1055-1056) under the name Balistes carolinensis Gmelin, 1789. Balistes punctatus Gmelin, 1789 ���Bluespotted triggerfish Recorded from Madeira by Tortonese in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1336) and Harmelin-Vivien & Qu��ro in Qu��ro et al. (1990: 1056-1057). This appears a doubtful record that needs confirmation. * Canthidermis sufflamen (Mitchill, 1815)���Ocean triggerfish New record for Madeira. The species appears to have been absent from Madeira until a few years ago. Since 2003 (if not earlier) it regularly appears in Funchal fish market (figure 7) and the fishermen state that it has been caught in Madeira waters. The first author has seen the species during a SCUBA dive at Cani��o, south-eastern coast of Madeira. MMF 35194, 35590, 35664., Published as part of Wirtz, Peter, Fricke, Ronald & Biscoito, Manuel Jos��, 2008, The coastal fishes of Madeira Island ��� new records and an annotated check-list, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 1715 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274128, {"references":["Quero, J. C., Hureau, J. C., Karrer, C., Post, A. & Saldanha, L. (1990) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic. 3 volumes. Lisbon."]}