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A filamentous actinomycete, designated strain ZX01, was isolated from forest soil around Kanas Lake of China. A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out to establish the status of strain ZX01. Chemical and morphological properties of the isolate were similar to those of species of the genus Streptomyces. Analysis of the almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain ZX01 in the genus Streptomyces where it formed a distinct phyletic line with recognized species of this genus. The strain exhibited the highest sequence similarities to Streptomyces lavendofoliae NBRC 12882 (99.1 %), S. luridus NBRC 12793 (99.0 %), S. lavendulocolor NBRC 12881 (99.0 %), S. gobitricini NBRC 15419 (99.0 %), and S. roseolilacinus NBRC 12815 (98.9 %). Low DNA-DNA relatedness values of 54.0, 50.0, 60.0, 66.7, and 50.4 %, respectively, were found between strain ZX01 and corresponding strains above. A number of phenotypic properties also enabled the isolate to be differentiated from related species of the genus Streptomyces. Therefore, it is proposed that strain ZX01 should be classified as the type strain of a novel species in the genus Streptomyces, Streptomyces kanasensis sp. nov. The type strain is ZX01 (= CGMCC 4893 =JCM 30232). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]