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Actinidia deliciosa and A. arguta fruits (kiwifruit and kiwiberry, respectively) are an excellent source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this paper is to valorize the fruits that are not commercialized (e.g. due to inadequate size or physical damage) in infusions and decoctions. The antioxidant activity, the scavenging activity against reactive species, the phenolic profile and the intestinal effects of infusions and decoctions of dehydrated fruits were evaluated and compared. Decoctions presented the highest antioxidant activity and a good ability to capture HOCl and NO. The phenolic composition of A. arguta present quinic acid, cis-caftaric acid and its derivatives, caffeoyl hexoside, luteolin glucuronide, quercetin derivatives and myristin, while A. deliciosa extracts were characterized by the presence of quinic acid, caffeic acid and its derivatives and caffeoyl hexoside. No adverse effects were observed on Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells. Kiwiberry decoctions showed to be the best option to keep the fruits benefits., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Actinidia arguta leaves have gained notoriety over the past years due to their rich bioactive composition with human pro-healthy effects, particularly in relation to antioxidants. Nevertheless, antioxidants are well known for their chemical instability, making it necessary to develop suitable delivery systems, such as microparticles, to provide protection and ensure a controlled release. The aim of this work was to produce polymeric particles of A. arguta leaves extract by spray-drying that may improve the oral mucositis condition. Microparticles were characterized by size, shape, antioxidant/antiradical activities, swelling capacity, moisture content, and effect on oral cells (TR146 and HSC-3) viability, with the aim to assess their potential application in this oral condition. The results attested the microparticles' spherical morphology and production yields of 41.43% and 36.40%, respectively, for empty and A. arguta leaves extract microparticles. The A. arguta leaves extract microparticles obtained the highest phenolic content (19.29 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant/antiradical activities (FRAP = 81.72 µmol FSE/g; DPPH = 4.90 mg TE/g), being perceived as an increase in moisture content and swelling capacity. No differences were observed between empty and loaded microparticles through FTIR analysis. Furthermore, the exposure to HSC-3 and TR146 did not lead to a viability decrease, attesting their safety for oral administration. Overall, these results highlight the significant potential of A. arguta leaves extract microparticles for applications in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actinidia arguta is a climbing, fruit plant that recently generated a spread interest in many regions of the world, due to world globalization and knowledge expansion. During its production, different by-products are generated, such as fruits, leaves, stems, flowers and roots, being characterized by a rich bioactive composition that wise the scientific community for its health effects. Inboard of this panoply of valuable bioactive compounds, vitamin C, chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids, caffeic acid, quercetin, catechin, kaempferol, p -coumaric acid, minerals and fatty acids play critical roles. As a result, the valorization and reuse of these by-products is a challenge, particularly for producers. This review aims to summarize the potential cosmetic and medical skincare applications of the different bioactive compounds from A. arguta by-products, describing and exploring their potential to contribute as active ingredients based on the biological activities reported. Simultaneously, a critical analysis of the patents available on the market regarding its use as cosmetic and medical skincare ingredient is provided. Cosmetic and medical skincare products could be a sustainable and green option for the use of A. arguta by-products bioactive compounds. Apart from contribute to skin appearance and health, the addition of these active compounds to the final cosmetic and pharmaceutical products may also provide skin beneficial effects such as photoprotection, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects, also acting as depigmenting and emollients, among other activities. Besides that, the impact on food by-product valorization and circular economy will be enormous. [Display omitted] • Actinia arguta by-products are rich in bioactive compounds with skin effects. •The use of A. arguta by-products in topical formulations is extremely promising. •Skin health benefits are enormous. •Few patents are available on the market with A. arguta as skin ingredient. •Add value to fruit byproducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Optimization of UAE with single-factor experiments and response surface methodology • Optimal extract obtained with 50% water, 50% amplitude in 17.5 min • Identification of polyphenols by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS • Optimal extract exhibited stronger antimicrobial and anticancer activities Actinidia arguta fruit (also known as kiwiberry) has a remarkable phytochemical profile, being reported as a promising preventive agent/treatment for chronic diseases and a desirable source of bioactive molecules for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Despite these promising indications, investigating the full potential of A. arguta fruit remains an unmet need for health applications. This work aims to determine the optimal extraction conditions of antioxidant/antiradical compounds from A. arguta fruit (commonly known as kiwiberry), using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effects of probe amplitude (30%-70%), sonication time (5-30 min) and water:ethanol solvent ratio (0%-100%) were assessed. The optimal extraction conditions were achieved using 50% of water, during 17.5 min and using an amplitude of 50%. A total of 22 compounds, including 6 flavonoids and 4 phenolic acids, were identified in the optimal extract through HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, which exhibited outstanding antioxidant and antiradical activities (TPC = 18.705 mg GAE/g dw; FRAP = 186.876 µmol FSE/g dw; ABTS = 16.334 mg AAE/g dw; O 2 ·− IC 50 = 829.384 µg/mL; HOCl IC 50 = 16.895 µg/mL; ROO· = 0.18 µg TE/mg dw). Moreover, it displayed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 32 mg/mL) and Pseudomonas gingivalis (MIC = 64 mg/mL) and reduced the growth rate of Escherichia coli. In-vitro assays demonstrated that the optimal extract successfully decreased the viability of two human carcinoma cell lines, namely TR146 and HSC-3, at 500 µg/mL and above 500 µg/mL, respectively. The present study showed that A. arguta fruit is a rich source of compounds with potential to be used for pro-healthy purposes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]