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Novel cross-linked fluorinated acrylate latex was successfully synthesized via the semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization, in which methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) were used as the main monomers, and dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) and N–N methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) were used as the fluorine monomer and the cross-linked monomer, respectively. Potassium persulfate (KPS) and mixed surfactants of sodium lauryl sulfate and alkyl alcohol polyether (EFS-470) were used as the initiator and emulsifier, respectively. The structure of resultant latex film was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The latex films were tested by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), contact angle (CA), cross-linked degree and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The particle size and its distribution of the latex were measured by the nanoparticle size analyzer and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The factors that have an influence on the properties of the latex and the film are investigated in detail. The stability of the resultant latex was good. The average particles of the latex and its distribution were small and uniform, respectively. In comparison with the conventional latex film, the thermal stability and hydrophobicity of the novel latex film were improved obviously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex has good hydrophobic and oleophobicity, weather resistance, aging resistance, stability and other excellent properties, which make the polymer be widely used in coatings, dyes, adhesives and other products. The purpose of this study is to prepare self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex via semi-continuous seeded emulsion technology and carry out comparative study on two different cross-linked monomers. Design/methodology/approach: Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) were used as the main monomers, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) as the fluoromonomer, hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) and N-methylol acrylamide (NMA) as cross-linked monomers, and 1-allyloxy-3–(4-nonylphenol)-2-propanol polyoxyethylene (10) ether (ANPEO10) and 1-allyloxy-3–(4-nonylphenol)-2-propanol polyoxyethylene (10) ether ammonium sulfate (DNS-86) as compound emulsifiers via the semicontinuous-seeded emulsion polymerization. Findings: The properties of the polymer emulsions, which are prepared with two different cross-linked monomers, are compared and discussed, and it is concluded that HPMA is more suitable for the preparation of self-crosslinked polymer emulsions. The formula of the polymer latex is ANPEO10: DNS-86 = 1:1, and the mass ratio of the monomers used in the polymer is MMA: BA: DFMA: HPMA = 14.40:14.40:0.60:0.60. Practical implications: Self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex can be used in many fields such as coatings, dyes, adhesives and other products. Originality/value: The self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex is prepared by mixing the nonionic emulsifier ANPEO10 and the anionic emulsifier DNS-86 when potassium persulfate is used as the thermal decomposition initiator and the semicontinuous-seeded emulsion technology is adopted and the comparative study on two different cross-linked monomer is carried out, which is not reported in the open literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Fluorine materials have received the keen attention of many researchers because of their water repellency and low surface free energy. The purpose of this paper is to prepare self-crosslinking fluorocarbon polyacrylate latexes containing different fluorocarbon chain lengths by semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization technology. Design/methodology/approach: Methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) and fluorine-containing monomers were used as main monomers. The fluorine-containing monomers included hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFMA), dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) and trifluorooctyl methacrylate (TFMA). Potassium persulfate (KPS) was used as thermal decomposition initiator, non-ionic surfactant alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene (25) ether (DNS-2500) and anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) as mixed emulsifier. Findings: Through optimizing the reaction conditions, the uniform and stable latex is gained. The polymer of structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and contact angle (CA) were tested on latex films. The particle size and distribution range of emulsion were tested with nano particle size analyzer. After comprehensively comparing the latexes and films prepared by HFMA, DFMA and TFMA, the performance of DFMA monomer modified is better. Originality/value: The self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion is prepared via semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization, which methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) and fluorine-containing monomers were used as main monomers. The fluorine-containing monomers were composed of hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFMA), dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) and trifluorooctyl methacrylate (TFMA). Potassium persulfate (KPS) was used as thermal decomposition initiator, non-ionic surfactant alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene (25) ether (DNS-2500) and anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) as mixed emulsifier. There are two main innovations. One is that the self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion is prepared successfully. The other is that the effects of monomers containing different fluorocarbon chain lengths on polyacrylate, such as monomer conversion rate, coagulation rate, mechanical stability, chemical stability, emulsion particle size and storage stability, are studied in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long carbon chain monomer modified polyacrylate latex was successfully prepared by semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization. In this work, methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate were used as main monomers; stearyl acrylate was used as functional monomer, which were emulsified with the novel mixed surfactants of disodium laureth sulfosuccinate (AEMES) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (OP-10) and initiated with 2,2′-azobis (2-methyl propion- amidine) dihydrochloride initiator. The structure of the resultant latex was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and contact angle were used to test the properties of the latex film. The particle size of the latex was measured by the Zetatrac dynamic light scattering detector. Factors, which have an influence on the properties of the latex and its film, have been investigated in detail. Results show that the optimal condition of synthesizing the latex is as follows: the amount of emulsifiers is 4%; the mass ratio of AEMES to OP-10 is 3:1; the amount of initiator is 0.7%; the content of SA is 6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The novel modified acrylate colloid was synthesized by semi‐continuous seeded emulsion polymerization which was initiated with potassium persulfate (KPS), and octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP‐10) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) were used as surfactants. Butyl acrylate (BA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were used as the main monomers and hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFMA, C8H8F6O2), and benzyl methacrylate (BZMA, C11H12O2) were used as functional monomers. Factors such as the amount of initiator, mass ratio of SDBD to OP‐10 and monomers, which have an influence on particle size and morphology of the resultant colloid, are studied. Chemical composition of the modified acrylate colloid was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The thermal performances were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). Furthermore, surface hydrophobicity of the latex film was examined by measurement of water absorption and water contact angle. Results indicate that the modified acrylate colloid has highest monomer conversion rate and lowest coagulation percentage when the mass fraction of emulsifier was 4% and mass ratio of SDBS to OP‐10 was 1:2, mass fraction of initiator was 0.3%, mass percent of HFMA was 6%, and the amount of BZMA was 2%. Benzene ring‐containing monomer is effectively participated in the reaction and has improved the thermal performance and surface properties of copolymer colloid. The resultant colloid has excellent hydrophobicity and low surface energy. Solid content of the resultant colloid was about 30% (wt %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Motivated by the globally increasing concern over environmental protection, the interest of a large part of the scientific community focuses on the development of green surfactants aiming to replace traditional toxic surfactants-based alternatives. The purpose of this paper is to prepare acrylate copolymer latex modified with fluorine and silicone monomer, which is emulsified with the green surfactants of sodium rosinate and alkyl polyglycoside (APG).Design/methodology/approach A series of acrylic copolymer latexes containing fluorine–silicon have been prepared by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerisation of mixed monomers of methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), hexafluorobutylmethacrylate (HFMA) and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) and emulsified by green mixed surfactants of sodium rosinate and APG.Findings The optimum recipe of preparing the emulsion is as follows: the amount of emulsifiers is 6 per cent and the mass ratio of sodium rosinate to APG is 1:3. The amount of initiator is 0.4 per cent, and the amounts of the silicon monomer and fluorine monomer are 5 and 7 per cent, respectively. In comparison with the acrylate latex prepared without fluorine monomer and silicon monomer, the thermal stability and the water resistance of the film of the resultant latex clearly improved.Practical implications The acrylic copolymer latexes containing fluorine–silicon emulsified with green surfactants can be used in the coatings, adhesives, finishing agents and so on.Originality/value The acrylic copolymer latexes containing fluorine–silicon have been prepared by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerisation. The green mixed surfactants of sodium rosinate and APG have been used as the emulsifiers to replace traditional toxic surfactants-based alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acrylate latex was a kind of production of emulsion polymerization of acrylate or methyl acrylate and other vinyl ester monomers. Starch was a biomaterial which found multiple applications in various branches. Novel approach to acrylate latex manufacture implied usage of composites e.g. the acrylate latex was being doped with starch to improve its properties and create biofriendly, naturally degrading material, and diminishing negative effect of polymeric waste production. In this paper, two methods that acrylate latex modifed with starch are reviewed and summarized. The aim of the review is that provides the reference for use of the starch in modifying the acrylate latex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel cross-linking (butyl acrylate- co-isobornyl methacrylate) colloids are prepared via semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate and N-methylol acrylamide in aqueous phase using mixture of polyethylene glycol mono(octylphenyl) ether and sodium dodecyl sulphate as emulsifier and potassium persulphate as initiator. The optimal composition for preparing the novel cross-linking colloid was determined, and the structure of the as-prepared colloid was confirmed with FTIR spectrum. The formation of colloidal polymer was also corroborated by a difference between glass transition temperatures of colloid film and corresponding homopolymers. Calorimetry measurements showed that the colloid is composed of random copolymer. The particle size distribution exhibits unimodal character, suggesting a high stability of the colloid polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel acrylate emulsion containing phosphorus and silicon was prepared successfully via semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization. The conditions of synthesizing the novel emulsion were optimized. The films of the resultant emulsion were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and contact angle (CA) determinator, respectively. Results show that the optimal condition synthesizing the novel emulsion was that the amount of PAM-200 is 2.00 g and the suitable way of adding KH-570 was to add KH-570 into the reaction after all other monomers were added and the optimal amount was 3.00%. Both FTIR and DSC confirm that the novel emulsion has been prepared successfully. CA indicates that the water resistance of emulsion film is improved clearly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel poly (AN-BA-DFMA) was prepared via semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization. The resultant novel latex is characterized with FTIR and DSC. The reaction conditions for preparing the novel latex are optimized and studied in detail. Results show that the novel latex with small particle size and good stability and hydrophobicity can be obtained when the amount of emulsifiers is 6.0%, the mass ratio of OP-10 to SDBS is 2.0:1.0, and the amount of initiator and DFMA is 2.5% and 20%, respectively. Under such conditions, the conversion rate is high and the coagulation percentage is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanometre fluorinated acrylate latex was prepared via semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerisation of butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and hexafluorobutyl acrylate in water phase when gemini surfactant and 2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride are used to be emulsifier and initiator, respectively. The resultant latex is characterised by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, contact angle measurements, dynamic light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). FTIR spectrum identifies the formation of terpolymer. DSC confirms that the latex is a kind of random terpolymer and the consistency among the chain segment is fairly good. The average particle size of latex is decreased with the increase of the amount of gemini surfactant. The particle size of resultant latex is 22.4 nm and is further confirmed by transmission electron microscope when the amount of gemini surfactant is 3%. However, the viscosity of latex is increased with the increase of the amount of gemini surfactant. In comparison with the nanometre fluorinated acrylate latex, the hydrophobic property of the resultant latex is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acrylate emulsion was prepared via pre-emulsified and semicontinuous seeded emulsion polymerization technology when nonreactive emulsifiers such as sodium dodecyl-benzenesulfonate (DSB) are replaced with reactive emulsifiers such as sodium2-hydroxy-3-(methacryloyloxy)propane-1-sulfonate (HPMAS). Influence of HPMAS on the particle size, water resistance, viscosity, rheology, and stability of the emulsion was studied. Results show that the particle size and the viscosity of the emulsion are increased with the added amount of HPMAS. However, water resistance of film first is increased and then decreased with the increase of the added amount of HPMAS. The water resistance of the film is best when the added amount of HPMAS is 2.0%. The viscosity of the emulsion is increased with the increase of the added amount of HPMAS. Both the mechanical stability and the freezing-thaw stability of the emulsion are improved when DSB is replaced with HPMAS during the course of the emulsion polymerization. The emulsion is of rheological properties of pseudo-plastic fluid and belongs to non-Newtonian fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new fluorinated acrylate emulsion was synthesized by using the intermediate perfluorous nonene and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as the staring reactants via semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization. The structures, glass transition temperature, thermal property and water repellency of the fluorinated acrylate emulsion were characterized with FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal analysis, and contact angle meter. Influences of many factors such as the theoretical solid content, the temperature of the emulsion polymerization on the stability of the emulsion polymerization, the added amount of emulsifiers and the added amount of the initiator were studied. Results show that the stability of the emulsion polymerization is fairly good when the theoretical solid content is below 30% and the reaction temperature is 80°C and the added amount of emulsifiers and the initiator are 6.0-8.0% and 2.0% respectively. In comparison with the acylate emulsion, the thermal stability of the fluorinated acrylate emulsion is decreased but the water repellency of the fluorinated acrylate emulsion is greatly increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Double fluorinated acrylate latex (DFAL) has been successfully prepared by macromolecule reaction between m-trifluoromethylphenylamine (m-TFMPA) and the single fluorinated acrylate latex (SFAL), which is prepared by semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) 2-(perfluoro-(1,1-bis-isopropyl)-2-propenyl)oxyethyl methacrylate (POMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The resultant DFAL is characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, contact angle determinator, dynamic light scattering detector and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Results show that the contact angle of DFAL film is improved in comparison with that of SFAL film. The surface properties especially the contact angle of the film with annealing have been improved greatly because more fluorine atom is introduced into the molecule of acrylate latex and moves to the surface of the film. However, the thermal stability of the DFAL film is not improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The novel fluorinated acrylate resin was successfully prepared by solution polymerization of 2-(perfluoro-(1,1-bis-isopropyl)-2-propenyl)oxyethyl methacrylate (POMA) with butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) initiated by AIBN in the co-solvents of ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol and toluene. POMA was synthesized from the intermediate perfluoro nonene and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as the staring reactants. Films of the novel fluorinated acrylate resin were prepared by coating the resin directly on the clean glass sheet and allowed to dry at room temperature. The characteristics of the film such as hydrophobicity, glass transition temperature and thermal stability were characterized with the contact angle, differential scanning calorimetry and thermo-gravimetric analysis respectively. The structure of the novel fluorinated acrylate resin was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The influences of the fluorine content on the performance of the acrylate resin were studied. Results show that the hydrophobicity, chemical resistance, glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the acrylate resin are improved when the fluorinated monomer is introduced to copolymerize with other monomers. However, the hydrophobicity of the fluorinated acrylate resin is improved slightly via annealing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]