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Acne is a chronic inflammatory relapsing disease that affect predominantly adolescents, with scarring as a frequent sequele. Early and appropriate therapy allows better management of the disease, longer remission, scars risk reduction, and improvement of quality of life. According to therapeutic algorithm, systemic isotretinoin can be used in severe acne and also in moderate forms resistant to other systemic treatments. The aims of this real-life observational study were to determine and compare the effectiveness of isotretinoin evaluated by Global Acne Grading System and Acne Quality of Life in moderate and in severe acne, correlation between efficacy and cumulative dose of isotretinoin, tolerability, and recurrence rate. Moreover, the differences in efficacy and tolerability between male and female patients were compared. The treatment with systemic isotretinoin led to an improvement in acne severity and quality of life in all observed subjects., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate efficacy and tolerability of a complete skin care line consisting of an oral supplement in two distinct formulations for males and females, and a topical cream device in the treatment of mild and moderate acne. Oral supplements contain biotin, probiotic, vitamin E, zinc, nicotinamide; in the formulation for males beta sitosterol and Boswellia serrata were added, the oral supplement for females contains myo-inositol and folic acid. The topical cream device is represented by the association between active plant agents (verbascoside, Ocimum gratissimum) and keratolytic molecules (salicylic acid, gluconolactone, complex alpha-hydroxy acids)., Methods: An equal number of male and female patients with mild to moderate acne were enrolled in a double-blinded clinical trial. Efficacy and tolerability evaluations were performed at week 4 (T1) and week 12 (T2) by Global acne Grading System (GAGs)., Results: Most of patients had satisfactory therapeutic response, in terms of GAGs reduction. All the four groups presented a statistically significant improvement of the mean GAGs at T2 but those assuming the oral supplement improved more, as expected., Conclusions: Our data suggest that this association can be considered a new effective option for mild and moderate acne. This therapeutic line differs from others in the gender matched oral treatment.

Introduction: The attention to the impact of gender differences in acne is needed and, at the moment, lacking. The aim of this paper was to perform a systematic review on gender differences in acne., Evidence Acquisition: A review of the literature was performed using the PubMed and Ovid literature search engines , using a variety of combined search terms including "acne", "gender", "sex", "females", "males". The search extended until July 2013., Evidence Syntesis: Gender differences in acne highlight hormonal interactions as a major target for which more research is needed to translate current findings to clinically significant diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In addition, female patients are more likely to develop anxiety and depression due to their condition, and acne improvement positively influences quality of life., Conclusions: The patient's sex should not radically alter diagnostic or therapeutic efforts, although gender differences could be necessary to set up clinical management, monitoring also the psychological aspect.

Aim: To investigate the effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and familial dysmetabolisms on acne development., Methods: A community-based case-control study was carried out in Italy enrolling cases as acneic outpatients of a dermatological ambulatory service and controls as clinically healthy acne-free subjects. Food consumption were evaluated with a validated food-frequency questionnaire, exploring the consumption of pasta, meat, cheese, fish, fruit, vegetables, and olive oil. Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet was assessed by a 10-point Mediterranean diet scale that incorporated the main characteristics of this diet. A logistic regression analysis estimated the variables who predicted the odds of being case, using those variables that at the univariate analysis yielded a p-value <0.25. Results are presented as odds ratio (OR) or adjusted OR (AOR)., Results: The study included 93 cases (36.6% males, median age 17 years) and 200 controls (32% males, median age 16 years). The Mediterranean diet score ≥6 revealed a protective effect towards acne (crude OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08-0.64). Logistic regression analysis showed that familial hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, and hypertension are strong risk factors for acne (AOR 8.79, 95% CI 1.67-46.22; 3.32, 95% CI 1.27-8.63; and 2.73, 95% CI 1.07-6.96, respectively), while the Mediterranean diet represents a protective factor (score ≥6, AOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11-0.89)., Conclusions: The odds for familial dysmetabolisms was higher in cases than in controls, confirming their role in determining or maintaining acne. Moreover, this is the first study demonstrating a protective role of the Mediterranean diet in the pathogenesis of acne.