2,735 results
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2. Zortman & Landusky mines : HJR 43 water quality impacts / staff paper presented to the Environmental Quality Council by Larry D. Mitchell.
- Author
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Mitchell, Larry D., Montana Environmental Quality Council, Montana State Library (archive.org), Mitchell, Larry D., and Montana Environmental Quality Council
- Subjects
Abandoned mined lands reclamation ,Acid mine drainage ,Environmental aspects ,Gold mines and mining ,Landusky Mine (Phillips County, Mont.) ,Montana ,Phillips County ,Reclamation of land ,Water quality ,Zortman Mine (Phillips County, Mont.) - Published
- 2004
3. Field Investigation of Controlling Acid Mine Drainage Using Alkaline Paper Mill Waste
- Author
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Chtaini, Abdessadek, Bellaloui, Achour, Ballivy, Gérard, and Narasiah, Subba
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Laboratory Investigation of the Control of Acid Mine Drainage Using Alkaline Paper Mill Waste
- Author
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Bellaloui, Achour, Chtaini, Abdessadek, Ballivy, Gérard, and Narasiah, Subba
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Application of Coal Fly Ash to Replace Lime in the Management of Reactive Mine Tailings
- Author
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Wang, H., Shang, J., Xu, Y., Yeheyis, M., Yanful, E., and Yanful, Ernest K., editor
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Neutralization Potential of Reclaimed Limestone Residual (RLR)
- Author
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Moo-Young, H. Keith and Yanful, Ernest K., editor
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Acid mine drainage neutralization in a pilot sequencing batch reactor using limestone from a paper and pulp industry
- Author
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H. Fischer, M. Mathye, L. Bologo, J. N. Zvimba, and V. R. K. Vadapalli
- Subjects
Hydraulic retention time ,Iron ,Pilot Projects ,Sequencing batch reactor ,engineering.material ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,Mining ,Neutralization ,Calcium Carbonate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactors ,Settling ,Water Pollution, Chemical ,Environmental Chemistry ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Water Science and Technology ,Suspended solids ,Waste management ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Book Industry ,General Medicine ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Acid mine drainage ,Calcium carbonate ,engineering ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
This study investigated the implications of using two grades of limestone from a paper and pulp industry for neutralization of acid mine drainage (AMD) in a pilot sequencing batch reactor (SBR). In this regard, two grades of calcium carbonate were used to neutralize AMD in a SBR with a hydraulic retention time (including settling) of 100 min and a sludge retention time of 360 min, by simultaneously monitoring the Fe(II) removal kinetics and overall assessment of the AMD after treatment. The Fe(II) kinetics removal and overall AMD treatment were observed to be highly dependent on the limestone grade used, with Fe(II) completely removed to levels lower than 50 mg/L in cycle 1 after 30 min using high quality or pure paper and pulp limestone. On the contrary, the other grade limestone, namely waste limestone, could only achieve a similar Fe(II) removal efficiency after four cycles. It was also noticed that suspended solids concentration plays a significant role in Fe(II) removal kinetics. In this regard, using pure limestone from the paper and pulp industry will have advantages compared with waste limestone for AMD neutralization. It has significant process impacts for the SBR configuration as it allows one cycle treatment resulting in a significant reduction of the feed stock, with subsequent generation of less sludge during AMD neutralization. However, the use of waste calcium carbonate from the paper and pulp industry as a feed stock during AMD neutralization can achieve significant cost savings as it is cheaper than the pure limestone and can achieve the same removal efficiency after four cycles.
- Published
- 2015
8. Wheal Jane—can wetlands technology cope?
- Author
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Hamilton, R. M., Postlethwaite, N. A., and Foster, S. A.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Diffusion of oxygen through a pulp and paper residue barrier
- Author
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Guy Lefebvre, Alexandre R. Cabral, Isabelle Racine, and Fabien Burnotte
- Subjects
Waste management ,Pulp (paper) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,engineering.material ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Acid mine drainage ,Deinking ,Pulp and paper industry ,Oxygen ,Tailings ,law.invention ,Residue (chemistry) ,chemistry ,Oxygen barrier ,law ,Soil water ,engineering ,Geotechnical engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Acid mine drainage can be curbed or reduced significantly by covering tailings sites with an oxygen barrier. In this study, the ability of pulp and paper residues, more specifically deinking residues, to function as such a barrier was investigated. Field data from two sites show that O2 diffusion through the barriers can be greatly reduced. To better understand how oxygen migrates through deinking residues and to develop prediction tools for future design with deinking residues, one-dimensional effective diffusion coefficients (De) were determined by fitting laboratory experimental curves (O2 concentration versus time data) to curves obtained from computer simulations. The results obtained confirmed the behaviour observed in soil covers: the effective diffusion coefficients are highly dependent on the degree of saturation (Sr) of the compacted material. The De values obtained in this study compare well with those published in the literature for several materials compacted at similar Sr. The De values varied from 8.3 × 10-9 m2/s (Sr approximately 91%) to 9.7 × 10-7 m2/s (Sr approximately 76%). The O2 consumption by biodegradation appears to be an important factor in the reduction of the O2 flux that can reach the bottom of the barrier.Key words: oxygen diffusion, pulp and paper residues, barrier, acid mine drainage.
- Published
- 2000
10. Stabilisation de Résidus Acides Miniers par des Résidus Alcalins D'usines de Pâtes et Papiers Neutralization of Acid Mine Tailings by Addition of Alkaline Sludges from Pulp and Paper Industry
- Author
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S. M. Colombano, G. J. Zagury, G. Ballivy, and K. S. Narasiah
- Subjects
Chemistry ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,Paper mill ,General Medicine ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Acid mine drainage ,Tailings ,Waste treatment ,engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Leachate ,Leaching (metallurgy) ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Mine tailings generating acidic effluents were neutralized by alkaline sludges produced in pulp and paper mill operations. Depending on the proportion of sludge added, the resulting pH values increased from 3.96 to between 10.9 and 12.4. The sludge incorporation also increased the buffer capacity of the mining residues. Leaching studies conducted in laboratory columns for a period of about 25 weeks showed the efficacy of sludge incorporation with acid mine tailings. The basic sludges were well mixed with the mining wastes in varying proportions (33, 50, 67, and 75% v/v). It was observed that this incorporation improved the leachate quality considerably. Therefore the leachate pH of the mixtures remained stable between 11.5 and 12.5 compared to a pH of 3.7 for the leachate coming out of the blank column. The metal concentration of Cu, Zn and Mn in the leachate was reduced by 80 to 100 %. In the case of Pb, however, the reduction was not as significant. On the other hand, microbiological tests revealed that...
- Published
- 1997
11. Acid neutralization by dissolution of alkaline paper mill wastes and implications for treatment of sulfide-mine drainage
- Author
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Rafael Pérez-López, José Miguel Nieto, Julio Castillo, and Dino Quispe
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Gypsum ,Sulfide ,business.industry ,Metallurgy ,Paper mill ,engineering.material ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,Geophysics ,chemistry ,Kraft process ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,engineering ,Green liquor ,business ,Dissolution ,Lime - Abstract
Metal removal and neutralization of acid mine drainage (AMD) in treatment systems is often controlled by addition of alkaline reagents and metal hydrolysis reactions. To overcome the disadvantage of high cost by conventional treatments, the use of paper mill wastes was evaluated as an alkaline additive to treat AMD at sites within the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) through batch experiments in the laboratory. Paper wastes include three by-products from kraft pulping in a nearby mill: Green liquor dregs, slacker grits, and lime mud. When paper mill wastes interacted with AMD, the initial pH increased up to circumneutral values and enhanced greatly the metal removal, reaching average ratios of up to 100% for Al, 98% for Fe, and 66% for Zn (major elements) and 100% for As, Cr, and Cu, 84% for Cd, and 75% for Ni (minor elements). After reaction, gypsum and poorly crystalline Fe-Al oxy-hydroxides and oxy-hydroxysulfates were the main precipitates identified by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Trace metal uptake is mainly attributed to co-precipitation and/or adsorption onto the newly formed Fe-Al precipitates. Geochemical modeling of solutions using the PHREEQC code predicted supersaturation of the observed phases. The experimental results were optimized with the PHREEQC code and combined with the annual production of each waste to quantify the extent of a possible treatment at field-scale. According to our estimations, the system proposed is able to treat effectively an annual total volume of 11.6 hm3, which is equivalent to a mean discharge of 368 L/s. Green liquor dregs alone would be able to treat 86% of the total volume. This result demonstrates the possibility of using alkaline paper mill wastes for treatment and restoration of worldwide natural resources extremely contaminated by AMD such as the IPB.
- Published
- 2011
12. Acid neutralization by dissolution of alkaline paper mill wastes and implications for treatment of sulfide-mine drainage.
- Author
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PÉREZ-LÓPEZ, RAFAEL, QUISPE, DINO, CASTILLO, JULIO, and NIETO, JOSÉ MIGUEL
- Subjects
ACID mine drainage ,MINE drainage ,AMBIENT temperature ferrite process ,HYDROLYSIS ,PAPER mills - Abstract
Metal removal and neutralization of acid mine drainage (AMD) in treatment systems is often controlled by addition of alkaline reagents and metal hydrolysis reactions. To overcome the disadvantage of high cost by conventional treatments, the use of paper mill wastes was evaluated as an alkaline additive to treat AMD at sites within the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) through batch experiments in the laboratory. Paper wastes include three by-products from kraft pulping in a nearby mill: green liquor dregs, slacker grits, and lime mud. When paper mill wastes interacted with AMD, the initial pH increased up to circumneutral values and enhanced greatly the metal removal, reaching average ratios of up to 100% for Al, 98% for Fe, and 66% for Zn (major elements) and 100% for As, Cr, and Cu, 84% for Cd, and 75% for Ni (minor elements). After reaction, gypsum and poorly crystalline Fe-Al oxy-hydroxides and oxy-hydroxysulfates were the main precipitates identified by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Trace metal uptake is mainly attributed to co-precipitation and/or adsorption onto the newly formed Fe-Al precipitates. Geochemical modeling of solutions using the PHREEQC code predicted supersaturation of the observed phases. The experimental results were optimized with the PHREEQC code and combined with the annual production of each waste to quantify the extent of a possible treatment at field-scale. According to our estimations, the system proposed is able to treat effectively an annual total volume of 11.6 hm³, which is equivalent to a mean discharge of 368 L/s. Green liquor dregs alone would be able to treat 86% of the total volume. This result demonstrates the possibility of using alkaline paper mill wastes for treatment and restoration of worldwide natural resources extremely contaminated by AMD such as the IPB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Diffusion of oxygen through a pulp and paper residue barrier: Discussion
- Author
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Mamert Mbonimpa and Michel Aubertin
- Subjects
Engineering ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering.material ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Deinking ,Acid mine drainage ,Tailings ,law.invention ,law ,Oxygen barrier ,Inorganic materials ,business ,Control methods ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The authors have presented an interesting paper on the use of deinking residues to create an oxygen barrier. The paper includes some results from laboratory tests, which can be difficult to perform, and an interpretation based on Fick’s laws solutions. Although the writers, like other researchers active in this field, have expressed some reservations regarding the placement of organic cover materials on reactive (acid producing) tailings (as opposed to inorganic materials such as soils and non-acid generating tailings), it is nevertheless recognized that the proposed approach for controlling the production of acid mine drainage (AMD) is certainly worth investigating. Covers made with deinking residues may eventually be added to the few control methods available for mine operators faced with the prospect of dealing with sulfidic mine and milling wastes. In the following paragraphs, the writers would like to discuss some issues relevant to the problem at hand, including some comments and questions for the authors and interested readers. Air versus equivalent porosity
- Published
- 2001
14. Discharged water from mines shows alteration in its physical properties and may be acidic depending upon the concentration of heavy metals and sulphate ions, which pose hazardous effects on groundwater and ecosystem. This paper deals with the characterisa
- Author
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Muhammad Zubair, Syed Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Shahzad, Abu Bakar, Syed Mahmood Arshad, and Muhammad Waqas
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Population ,Coal mining ,Environmental engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Acid mine drainage ,General Materials Science ,Water quality ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Turbidity ,business ,Water pollution ,education ,Surface water ,Mathematical Physics ,Groundwater ,Geology - Abstract
Discharged water from mines shows alteration in its physical properties and may be acidicdepending upon the concentration of heavy metals and sulphate ions which pose hazardous effects ongroundwater and ecosystem. This paper deals with the characterisation of water being affected by coalmining in the Basharat area of Punjab. Total eleven samples were collected from different water sourcesincluding groundwater, mine outflows, mine inflows and surface water in the vicinity of Hassan KishorCoal Mine. All samples except that of groundwater showed higher turbidity, lower pH values and highertotal solid contents. Higher concentration of iron and copper in all samples indicate higher acid minedrainage (AMD). Relatively larger concentration of calcium in groundwater as compared to its presencein other samples demonstrates quashing effect of overlying limestone to the AMD. Keywords: water pollution, ground water, coal mine, acid mine drainage Introduction The rapid growth of population particularly in developingcountries such as Pakistan demands more naturalresources for the fulfillment of needs of human beings.These large quantities of natural resources are obtainedthrough increased mining activities and amplified rateof extraction. The growing mining activities are vigorouslyendangering the environment (Monjezi
- Published
- 2015
15. Neutralization of acid mine drainage using the final product from CO2 emissions capture with alkaline paper mill waste
- Author
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Pérez-López, Rafael, Castillo, Julio, Quispe, Dino, and Nieto, José Miguel
- Subjects
- *
ACID mine drainage , *NEUTRALIZATION (Chemistry) , *CARBON sequestration , *INDUSTRIAL wastes , *TRACE elements , *PAPER mills , *PULPING , *CARBON dioxide , *GEOCHEMICAL modeling - Abstract
Abstract: In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the applicability of low-cost alkaline paper mill wastes as acidity neutralizing agents for treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). Paper wastes include a calcium mud by-product from kraft pulping, and a calcite powder from a previous study focused on sequestering CO2 by carbonation of calcium mud. The neutralization process consisted of increase of pH by alkaline additive dissolution, decrease of metals solubility and precipitation of gypsum and poorly crystallized Fe–Al oxy-hydroxides/oxy-hydroxysulphates, which acted as a sink for trace elements to that extent that solutions reached the pre-potability requirements of water for human consumption. This improvement was supported by geochemical modelling of solutions using PHREEQC software, and observations by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction of reaction products. According to PHREEQC simulations, the annual amount of alkaline additive is able to treat AMD (pH 3.63, sulphate 3800mgL−1, iron 348mgL−1) with an average discharge of about 114 and 40Ls−1 for calcium mud and calcite powder, respectively. Likewise, given the high potential of calcium mud to sequester CO2 and of resulting calcite powder to neutralize AMD, paper wastes could be a promising solution for facing this double environmental problem. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Stabilization of Mine Waste Using Paper Sludge Ash under Laboratory Condition
- Author
-
Yasuyuki Ikegami and Takaaki Wajima
- Subjects
Materials science ,Waste management ,Environmental remediation ,Metals and Alloys ,Waste material ,Environmental pollution ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Acid mine drainage ,Industrial waste ,Effective solution ,Mechanics of Materials ,Materials Chemistry ,Leaching (agriculture) ,Effluent - Abstract
The leaching of potentially toxic elements or the generation of acidity from mine waste often creates significant environmental pollution. A great deal of research has been undertaken to find an effective solution to the problem of acid mine drainage. An attractive solution has been proposed, not only efficient but also economical, as it uses another waste material. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of stabilizing acidic mine waste using alkaline industrial waste, paper sludge ash (PSA), produced by the pulp and paper industry, under laboratory conditions. By mixing mine waste with (PSA) (the weight ratio of mine waste to (PSA) is 10:4), the eluted solution became neutral, and the concentrations of almost all metals dropped below the Japanese effluent standard. The inhibition of acid mine drainage with addition of PSA is sustainable. Although Radish sprouts did not grow on mine waste, they could be grown on the waste mixed with PSA. These results suggest that it is possible to use PSA for the remediation of a mine waste site.
- Published
- 2008
17. Stabilization of Mine Waste Using Paper Sludge Ash under Laboratory Condition
- Author
-
Yasuyuki Ikegami, Tomoe Shimizu, and Takaaki Wajima
- Subjects
Materials science ,Waste management ,Mechanical Engineering ,Environmental pollution ,Biodegradable waste ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Acid mine drainage ,complex mixtures ,Industrial waste ,Incineration ,Waste treatment ,Mechanics of Materials ,General Materials Science ,Leaching (metallurgy) ,Effluent - Abstract
The leaching of potentially toxic elements or the generation of acidity from mine waste often creates significant environmental pollution. A great deal of research has been undertaken to find an effective solution to the problem of acid mine drainage. An attractive solution has been proposed, not only efficient but also economical, as it uses another waste material. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of stabilizing acidic mine waste using alkaline industrial waste, paper sludge ash, produced by the pulp and paper industry, under laboratory conditions. By mixing mine waste with paper sludge ash (the weight ratio of mine waste to paper sludge ash is 10: 4), the eluted solution became neutral, and the concentrations of almost all metals dropped below the Japanese effluent standard. The inhibition of acid mine drainage with addition of PSA is sustainable. Although Radish sprouts did not grow on mine waste, they could be grown on the waste mixed with paper sludge ash. These results suggest that it is possible to use paper sludge ash for afforestation of a mine waste site.
- Published
- 2007
18. Potential use of paper factory waste for recovery of acid water in open pits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt
- Author
-
Bonnail, Estefanía, Miguel Sarmiento, Aguasanta, Pérez López, Rafael|||0000-0002-5916-462X, and Nieto Liñán, José Miguel|||0000-0002-0086-252X
- Subjects
Faja Pirítica Ibérica ,Acid mine drainage ,Neutralization ,Iberian Pyrite Belt ,Remediación ,Remediation ,Neutralización ,Drenaje ácido de minas - Abstract
El problema del drenaje ácido de mina se hace especialmente tangible en el agua embalsada en las cortas mineras de la Faja Pirítica Ibérica. Los últimos estudios en investigación para la remediación se centran en el uso de materiales alcalinos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un trabajo realizado con residuos de bajo coste, procedentes de la industria papelera, para la recuperación de aguas ácidas. Se tomaron muestras de agua en cortas mineras, y se sometieron a ensayos para comprobar el poder de neutralización de diferentes residuos alcalinos (cenizas de combustión de biomasa, cenizas de caldera de recuperación y lodos calizos). Se obtuvieron resultados positivos para los tres reactivos, siendo los lodos calizos los que mostraron valores más significativos The problem of acid mine drainage is especially tangible in water stored in open pits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt. Recent research studies focus on remediation using alkaline materials. This work presents the results of an experiment carried out with low cost waste coming from the paper industry for the recovery of water and its subsequent use as irrigation. Few samples of acid mine drainage from open pits were collected and subjected to tests in order to verify the neutralizing power of the different alkaline residues (biomass combustion ash, recovery boiler ash and lime mud). Positive results were obtained for the three reagents, the lime mud showed the most significant values
- Published
- 2015
19. A Comparison of Trace Elements in Natural Waters, Dissolved versus Suspended
- Author
-
Kopp, John F., Kroner, Robert C., Baer, William K., editor, Perkins, Alfred J., editor, and Grove, E. L., editor
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Sludge Generation in the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) by High-Density Sludge (HDS) Recycling Method-Optimum Neutralization Process of Horobetsu AMD (First Paper)
- Author
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G C Badulis, Chiharu Tokoro, and Hiroshi Sasaki
- Subjects
Calcium hydroxide ,Magnesium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Acid mine drainage ,Neutralization ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Calcium carbonate ,Adsorption ,chemistry ,medicine ,Hydroxide ,Ferric ,medicine.drug ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), a combination of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and Ca(OH)2 (two step) and magnesium oxide (MgO) were used as a neutralizer in the treatment of synthetic Horobetsu Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) by High-Density Sludge (HDS) recycling method to obtain the appropriate guidelines of optimum AMD treatment. The result during the initial neutralization demonstrated that at pH 7, arsenic, either As(III) or As(V) in solution, could be removed by adsorption to the sludge with a concentration in the supernatant solution below the Japanese regulated environmental effluent standard. The sludge generated in HDS recycling method with Ca(OH)2 neutralization was composed of Fe(III) hydroxide combined with a high amount of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), the same as in the two step neutralization in which undissolved CaCO3 was included. The sludge generated in HDS recycling with MgO neutralization was composed of basic ferric sulphate combined with a low content of undissolved MgO. The sludge-settling rate generally decreased as the recycling process proceeded. The settling rate of the sludge from MgO neutralization was faster than that of the sludge from the Ca(OH)2 and two step neutralization. The Fe density of the sludge by MgO neutralization was highest compared to the other neutralization.
- Published
- 2006
21. 1997 AEG Student Professional Paper: Undergraduate Division: The Effectiveness of In Situ Limestone Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage
- Author
-
Matthew R. Cox
- Subjects
Hydrology ,Environmental Engineering ,Aggregate (composite) ,Environmental engineering ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Acid mine drainage ,Tailings ,eye diseases ,Natural (archaeology) ,Contaminated water ,Control measure ,Hazardous waste ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Geology - Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a common problem in southwestern Missouri and is partly responsible for many contaminated water supplies. Mississippian-aged limestone layers act to buffer the hazardous AMD thus reducing the risk. Five such units were analyzed over a range of four aggregate sizes (Very Fine Gravel, Fine Gravel, Coarse Gravel, and Very Coarse Gravel). As the mean aggregate size decreases, the buffering potential increases. The natural stratigraphy aids in neutralizing the AMD, but natural ground-water flow rates may limit this effect. Neutralization is also hampered by a finite reduction in buffering potential due to repeat exposure. Also, limestone aggregate may be utilized as a control measure for AMD produced in surficial settings such as spoil piles and tailings ponds.
- Published
- 1998
22. FORMER NEW KENSINGTON STUDENT'S 'FRACKING' RESEARCH COMPETING IN DUBAI MIKE CAVAZZA'S PAPER PROPOSES SOLUTIONS FOR ACID MINE DRAINAGE THAT HELPS INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENT
- Subjects
Engineers ,Hydraulic fracturing ,Acid mine drainage ,News, opinion and commentary ,Society of Petroleum Engineers - Abstract
UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa -- The following information was released by Pennsylvania State University - University Park: Michael Cavazza took on Penn State in March. Then he took on North America [...]
- Published
- 2016
23. Acid mine drainage neutralization in a pilot sequencing batch reactor using limestone from a paper and pulp industry.
- Author
-
Vadapalli, V.R.K., Zvimba, J.N., Mathye, M., Fischer, H., and Bologo, L.
- Subjects
LIMESTONE ,ACID mine drainage ,SEQUENCING batch reactor process ,CALCIUM carbonate ,ACTIVATED sludge process - Abstract
This study investigated the implications of using two grades of limestone from a paper and pulp industry for neutralization of acid mine drainage (AMD) in a pilot sequencing batch reactor (SBR). In this regard, two grades of calcium carbonate were used to neutralize AMD in a SBR with a hydraulic retention time (including settling) of 100 min and a sludge retention time of 360 min, by simultaneously monitoring the Fe(II) removal kinetics and overall assessment of the AMD after treatment. The Fe(II) kinetics removal and overall AMD treatment were observed to be highly dependent on the limestone grade used, with Fe(II) completely removed to levels lower than 50 mg/L in cycle 1 after 30 min using high quality or pure paper and pulp limestone. On the contrary, the other grade limestone, namely waste limestone, could only achieve a similar Fe(II) removal efficiency after four cycles. It was also noticed that suspended solids concentration plays a significant role in Fe(II) removal kinetics. In this regard, using pure limestone from the paper and pulp industry will have advantages compared with waste limestone for AMD neutralization. It has significant process impacts for the SBR configuration as it allows one cycle treatment resulting in a significant reduction of the feed stock, with subsequent generation of less sludge during AMD neutralization. However, the use of waste calcium carbonate from the paper and pulp industry as a feed stock during AMD neutralization can achieve significant cost savings as it is cheaper than the pure limestone and can achieve the same removal efficiency after four cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Selected papers from 26th regional symposium on chemical engineering, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, October 2019.
- Author
-
Hussain, Mohd Azlan, Tan, Chee Keong, and Zainal Abidin, Mohd Izzudin Izzat
- Subjects
- *
CHEMICAL engineering , *FLUIDIZED bed reactors , *POLYIMIDES , *ACID mine drainage , *CHEMICAL processes , *INDUSTRIAL chemistry - Abstract
The practice of engineering as a whole is undergoing major changes especially in dealing with the needs and requirements of advancing IR 4.0 concepts in its discipline. On this note, the 26th Regional Symposium on Chemical Engineering (RSCE 2019) was organized by the Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya from October 30 to 31, 2019 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This symposium with the theme "Role of Chemical Engineering in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0" had been a great avenue towards dealing with the changes facing the Chemical Engineering society at this present moment. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. An Evaluation of Using Various Admixtures of Green Liquor Dregs, a Residual Product, as a Sealing Layer on Reactive Mine Tailings.
- Author
-
Mäkitalo, Maria, Stenman, David, Ikumapayi, Fatai, Maurice, Christian, and Öhlander, Björn
- Subjects
- *
PAPER mills , *WOOD pulp industry , *PROPERTIES of matter , *MINE waste , *INDUSTRIAL wastes - Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. BioteQ to Present Workshop and Technical Paper at ICARD Conference
- Subjects
Acid mine drainage ,Mine drainage ,Workshops (Educational programs) ,Business, general ,Business, regional - Abstract
VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, May 16, 2012 (Marketwire via COMTEX) -- BioteQ Environmental Technologies Inc. (TSX:BQE), a leader in the treatment of industrial waste water, will present a short course workshop [...]
- Published
- 2012
27. Special Issue on "Heavy Metal Toxicity: Environmental and Human Health Risk Assessment".
- Author
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Sinicropi, Maria Stefania
- Subjects
HEALTH risk assessment ,HEAVY metal toxicology ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,HEAVY metals ,FLY ash ,COPPER ,ACID mine drainage - Abstract
This document is a summary of a special issue on "Heavy Metal Toxicity: Environmental and Human Health Risk Assessment." The issue includes fourteen papers that cover various aspects of heavy metal toxicity, such as metal pollution, bioindicators, environmental indicators, phytoremediation, epigenetics, and detoxification therapies. The papers discuss topics such as the monitoring of particulate matter using olive pollen as a bioindicator, the impact of heavy metals on fish and medicinal plants, the presence of toxic elements in sediment and water, lead contamination in soils and sediments, the effectiveness of substances in reducing heavy metal content in soil, the potential sources and concentration of heavy metals in sediments and flamingo tissues, the cellular effects of silver nanoparticle suspensions, the morphological and molecular alterations induced by lead in fish embryos and larvae, heavy metal concentrations in wild brown trout, microbial-based heavy metal bioremediation techniques, and the uses, toxicity, and detoxification therapies of arsenic and thallium. The special issue concludes by mentioning the possibility of further exploration and research in this field. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Microbial community structure in an uranium-rich acid mine drainage site: implication for the biogeochemical release of uranium.
- Author
-
Xinxiang Wei, Hongliang Chen, Fangfang Zhu, and Jiang Li
- Subjects
ACID mine drainage ,WATER sampling ,MICROBIAL communities ,URANIUM ,SULFIDE minerals ,ACIDOPHILIC bacteria - Abstract
The generation of acid mine drainage (AMD) characterized by high acidity and elevated levels of toxic metals primarily results from the oxidation and dissolution of sulfide minerals facilitated by microbial catalysis. Although there has been significant research on microbial diversity and community composition in AMD, as well as the relationship between microbes and heavy metals, there remains a gap in understanding the microbial community structure in uranium-enriched AMD sites. In this paper, water samples with varying levels of uranium pollution were collected from an abandoned stone coal mine in Jiangxi Province, China during summer and winter, respectively. Geochemical and high-throughput sequencing analyses were conducted to characterize spatiotemporal variations in bacterial diversity and community composition along pollution groups. The results indicated that uranium was predominantly concentrated in the AMD of new pits with strong acid production capacity, reaching a peak concentration of 9,370 µg/L. This was accompanied by elevated acidity and concentrations of iron and total phosphorus, which were identified as significant drivers shaping the composition of bacterial communities, rather than fluctuations in seasonal conditions. In an extremely polluted environment (pH < 3), bacterial diversity was lowest, with a predominant presence of acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria (such as Ferrovum), and a portion of acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria synergistically coexisting. As pollution levels decreased, the microbial community gradually evolved to cohabitation of various pH-neutral heterotrophic species, ultimately reverting back to background level. The pH was the dominant factor determining biogeochemical release of uranium in AMD. Acidophilic and uranium-tolerant bacteria, including Ferrovum, Leptospirillum, Acidiphilium, and Metallibacterium, were identified as playing key roles in this process through mechanisms such as enhancing acid production rate and facilitating organic matter biodegradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Hydrothermal Carbonization of Searsia lancea Trees Grown on Mine Drainage: Processing Variables and Product Composition
- Author
-
Ramadimetja Lizah Setsepu, Jibril Abdulsalam, I.M. Weiersbye, and S.O. Bada
- Subjects
biology ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Pellets ,food and beverages ,Biomass ,General Chemistry ,Searsia lancea ,Acid mine drainage ,Torrefaction ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,complex mixtures ,Hydrothermal carbonization ,Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Heat of combustion ,Coal ,business ,QD1-999 - Abstract
A 12-year-old planted woodlands Searsia lancea tree, grown on acid mine drainage for phytoremediation of polluted groundwater on gold and uranium mines in South Africa, was used in this research. The research describes the fuel-related characteristics and the influence of different operating conditions on the hydrothermal carbonization of the biomass and the combustion profiles of discard coal/biomass hydrochar pellets. The raw biomass was treated at temperatures ranging from 200-280 °C and residence time of 30-90 min. The hydrochar produced at 280 °C and residence time of 90 min had the highest calorific value of 29.71 MJ/kg compared to 17.23 and 16.73 MJ/kg obtained from the raw biomass and discard coal, respectively. Regression equations developed using the central composite design (CCD) indicated that the values obtained experimentally agree with the predicted values from the models for mass yield, calorific value, and ash content. The reactivity tests showed that the 100% hydrochar pellet had the highest reactivity and lowest ignition and burnout temperature compared to biocoal pellets and discard coal. The process water contained relatively low concentrations of major elements, and the study had shown that different high-grade biocoal pellets can be produced from the S. lancea tree.
- Published
- 2021
30. Metal accumulations in aquatic organisms and health risks in an acid mine-affected site in South China
- Author
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Yuqing Miao, Joyanto Routh, Chen Luo, Dinggui Luo, Wing Sze Chan, Lezhang Wei, and Mårten Dario
- Subjects
Gill ,Aquatic Organisms ,China ,Geologic Sediments ,Carps ,Environmental Engineering ,Biomagnification ,Acid mine ,Aquatic organisms ,Sediments ,Metals ,Toxicity ,Bioaccumulation ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Metals, Heavy ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Arsenic ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology ,Original Paper ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Cadmium ,General Medicine ,Miljövetenskap ,Acid mine drainage ,Hazard quotient ,chemistry ,Benthic zone ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Environmental Sciences ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Metal contamination from base metal sulphide mines is a major environmental challenge that poses many ecological and health risks. We examined the metal concentrations in the Dabaoshan mine in South China in water, sediments, and aquatic organisms and their specific characteristics (i.e. size, body tissue, species, and habitat) along the Hengshi and Wengjiang River courses to assess acid mine drainage remediation efforts. Metal concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, thallium, and zinc were examined in tissues (i.e. gills, intestines, and muscles) of 17 freshwater species of fish, shrimps, and crabs. Metals in tissues followed the trend: intestines > gills > muscles; nearly all intestine samples exceeded the safe limits of metals analysed in this study. There is a positive correlation between distance from the mine and metal concentrations related to the flow of surface water and the habitat of aquatic organisms. The concentrations of arsenic, copper, and zinc were the highest in aquatic organisms, and the distribution was influenced by physical (distance from mine, currents, and seasonality), chemical (pH and competing ions), and biological (species, habitat, and predator-prey relation) factors. Large demersal fish and benthic fauna had higher concentrations of metals. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of metals, as well as the high metal pollution index and target hazard quotient (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc), occurred in bottom feeders (C. aumtus, X. argentea) and fish belonging to higher trophic levels (P. fulvidraco, O. mossambicus). Lead and cadmium indicated the highest level of biomagnification from prey to predator. Health risks exist from the dietary intake of common aquatic species such as tilapia and carp besides crustaceans due to high arsenic, cadmium, lead, and thallium levels. Further reduction of metals is necessary to improve the effects of acid mine drainage in the catchment. Funding Agencies|Linkoping University-Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2018A030310309]; Joshua Wat proofread the thesis for WSC
- Published
- 2021
31. Iron Coated-Sand from Acid Mine Drainage Waste for Being a Catalytic Oxidant Towards Municipal Wastewater Remediation
- Author
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Maha A. Tony and Lian-Shin Lin
- Subjects
Pollutant ,Chemistry ,Environmental remediation ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,Heterogeneous catalysis ,Acid mine drainage ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Wastewater ,Reagent ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The accessibility of clean water and green environment are the major requirements for survival and sustainable development. In this study, iron-coated sand, derived from acid mine drainage effluent, has been applied as a heterogeneous catalyst. Treatment with H2O2, iron-coated sand, and iron-coated sand-Fenton processes is compared for the COD removals from municipal wastewater effluent. The results showed that the iron-coated sand catalyzed Fenton process could generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and oxidize the organic pollutants. Fenton process based on the iron-coated sand catalyst proved to be the most efficient process. The effect of operating conditions such as initial pH and Fenton’s reagent doses, i.e. initial H2O2 and iron on the organics oxidation from such wastewater was investigated. The results showed that 70% removal efficiency of COD was obtained within 30 min under optimized conditions (pH 3.0, H2O2 400 mg/L and iron 40 mg/L). The rate equation of iron-coated sand-Fenton system was simply expressed by the second-order equation and the model was found to fit well the data. Thermodynamic analysis of the results indicated that the iron-coated sand-Fenton oxidation is non-spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Regeneration of iron-coated sand was attempted and the catalyst had a good stability and reusability for successive treatments and reducing the quantity of sludge produced in Fenton reactions. Thus, expanding the sustainability scope of iron-coated sand based Fenton catalyst and offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives for the classical Fenton process.
- Published
- 2021
32. The Dynamic Experiment on Treating Acid Mine Drainage with Iron Scrap and Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Using Biomass Materials as Carbon Source
- Author
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Guo Jianzhi, Tingting Wang, Wenbo An, Xianjun Wang, Yang Yu, Fankang Meng, Junzhen Di, Bing Liang, Dong Yanrong, and Li Zengxin
- Subjects
biology ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Carbon source ,Biomass ,Environmental science ,Scrap ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Acid mine drainage ,Bacteria - Published
- 2021
33. Anaerobic co-digestion of landfill leachate and acid mine drainage using up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor
- Author
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Jin Wang, Tianhu Chen, Zhengbo Yue, Shiqi Zhou, and Shuchuan Peng
- Subjects
Hydraulic retention time ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,010501 environmental sciences ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,01 natural sciences ,Methane ,Bacteria, Anaerobic ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactors ,Environmental Chemistry ,Anaerobiosis ,Leachate ,Sulfate ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Sewage ,biology ,Chemical oxygen demand ,General Medicine ,Pulp and paper industry ,Acid mine drainage ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Methanogen ,Anaerobic digestion ,chemistry ,Digestion ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
A laboratory-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was developed and constructed for the treatment of landfill leachate and acid mine drainage (AMD). The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), sulfate, and metal ions was studied. The maximum COD and sulfate removal efficiency reached 75% and 69%, respectively, during the start-up phase of the UASB. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) had a significant influence on the system. The maximum removal efficiency for COD and sulfate reached 83% and 78%, respectively, at an HRT of 20 h. The methane production process competed with the sulfate reduction process in the UASB. The fractionation of metals in the sludge was analyzed to facilitate metal recovery in a later processing stage. The most abundant sulfate-reducing bacteria was Desulfobulbus, and the methanogen archaeal community in the reactor was mainly composed of Methanobacterium.
- Published
- 2020
34. Optimal start-up conditions for the efficient treatment of acid mine drainage using sulfate-reducing bioreactors based on physicochemical and microbiome analyses
- Author
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Tomo Aoyagi, Tomohiro Inaba, Mikio Kobayashi, Kentaro Hayashi, Hiroshi Habe, Takaya Hamai, Tomoyuki Hori, Takeshi Sakata, and Yuya Sato
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Environmental Engineering ,Bran ,Continuous flow ,Sulfates ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Microbiota ,food and beverages ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,Start up ,Pollution ,Acclimatization ,Mining ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactors ,chemistry ,Bioreactor ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic matter ,Sulfate ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Acids - Abstract
Typically, sulfate-reducing bioreactors used to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) undergo an initial incubation period of a few weeks to acclimatize sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), although necessity of this preincubation has rarely been evaluated. To reduce time and economic cost, we developed an SRB acclimatization method using the continuous flow of AMD into bioreactors fed with rice bran, and compared with the conventional acclimatization method. We found that the SRB sufficiently acclimatized without the preincubation phase. Furthermore, we examined the performance and SRB communities in bioreactors operated for >200 days under seven different conditions, in which the amount of rice bran added and hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were varied. A comparison of the various bioreactor conditions revealed that the lowest rice bran amount (50 g) and the shortest HRT (6 h) caused a deterioration in reactor performance after day 144 and 229, respectively. In both cases, relatively aerobic environments developed due to the lack of organic matter seemed to inhibit sulfate reduction. Of the conditions tested, operation of the bioreactors with 200 g of rice bran and an HRT of 12.5 h was the most effective in treating AMD, showing a sulfate reduction rate of 20.7–77.9% during days 54–242. Data and materials availability All data needed to evaluate the conclusions of this study are presented in the paper and/or the appendix.
- Published
- 2021
35. Optimizing the selective precipitation of iron to produce yellow pigment from acid mine drainage
- Author
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Marina Paula Secco, Ivo André Homrich Schneider, Rodrigo de Almeida Silva, Carlos Hoffmann Sampaio, Richard Thomas Lermen, Gelsa Edith Navarro Hidalgo, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Minera, Industrial i TIC, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GREMS - Grup de Recerca en Mineria Sostenible
- Subjects
Goethite ,Hematite ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Raw material ,01 natural sciences ,Mineral industries--Environmental aspects ,020501 mining & metallurgy ,Pigment ,Acid mine drainage ,Selective precipitation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Precipitation (chemistry) ,Chemistry ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemistry ,Precipitació (Química) ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria de mines [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Enginyeria química::Impacte ambiental [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,0205 materials engineering ,Wastewater ,Precipitation (Chemistry) ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Reagent ,visual_art ,Indústria minera -- Aspectes ambientals ,Iron pigments ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,sense organs - Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) in the coal mining industry is recognized as one of the major sources of environmental damage. The active treatment of AMD involves adding alkaline reagents to wastewater so as to raise pH and to precipitate dissolved metals in the form of oxides/hydroxides. Studies have shown that yellow pigment (goethite) can be produced from the iron present in AMD. However, the presence of other metals can prevent the formation of pigment. Therefore, this paper seeks to evaluate several processes for purifying iron sludge so as to obtain raw material that can be recovered from AMD and thereby obtain a good quality of yellow pigment. The experiments were carried out by causing precipitation with strong and weak bases and removing other metals from the sludge by washing and filtering the sludge or by centrifugation. The results show that the color, type and morphology of the compounds changed, depending on the number of contaminants, and that these factors are strongly dependent on the type of reagent and less dependent on the separation process and the repetition of washes.
- Published
- 2019
36. Performance of acid mine drainage sludge as an innovative catalytic oxidation source for treating vehicle-washing wastewater
- Author
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Maha A. Tony and Lian-Shin Lin
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,genetic structures ,Polymers and Plastics ,Chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Acid mine drainage ,eye diseases ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,020401 chemical engineering ,Catalytic oxidation ,Wastewater ,Reagent ,sense organs ,0204 chemical engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
This study introduces iron sludge recovered from acid mine drainage (AMD) waste, as advanced oxidation processes, that is, AMD/H2O2 (Fenton’s reagent) to treat vehicle-washing wastewater. Vehicle-w...
- Published
- 2020
37. Treatment of Coal Mine Acid Water Using Nf270 Membrane as Environmentally Friendly Technology
- Author
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H. Susanto, K. Kiswanto, and S. Sudarno
- Subjects
Suspended solids ,nf270 membrane ,Fouling ,business.industry ,Ultrafiltration ,Coal mining ,coal mine acid water ,Portable water purification ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,lcsh:Education (General) ,Education ,Membrane technology ,flux ,Environmental science ,rejection ,Reverse osmosis ,business ,lcsh:L ,lcsh:L7-991 ,lcsh:Education - Abstract
Ex-mining pond water is widely used for the daily needs of the people these days, such as bathing, washing, and even drinking. Over time, it turns out that coal mine acid water has polluted the environment. The use of membrane technology to produce water that meets drinking water quality standards by the Minister of Health Regulation No. 492 of 2010 can be a solution to this problem. The NF270 membrane is a membrane process between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, which has a lower flux and operating pressure below 0.2-1.53 Mpa compared to reverse osmosis. Membrane NF270 is used for the reclamation of wastewater, water purification and softening, seawater desalination, and others. Its high rejection of organic molecules with a molecular weight of 200-2000 Da ions and multivalent can remove suspended solids, natural organic matter, bacteria, viruses, salts, and divalent ions contained in water, including coal mine acid water. The purpose of treating acid mine drainage with the NF270 membrane is to remove COD, TSS, TDS, and Fe metals. The NF270 membrane was used in this study to treat the coal mine acid water of PT. Bukit Asam. The performance of the NF270 process was assessed from the effect of pressure (4, 5, and 6 bar) on the flux and rejection rate of each parameter in a single solution, mixed and aqueous coal mine acid solution. The optimum pressure of the NF270 membrane for all parameters was 6 bar. This optimum pressure was then used to compare the phenomenon of flux that occurred and the level of rejection produced in the original sample of coal mine acid water. In the original coal mine acid water, there was a significant decrease in flux due to fouling deposition on the membrane surface. This phenomenon of decreasing flux was caused by fouling and polarization concentration. The rejection rates produced for the parameters of COD, TSS, TDS, and Fe with NF270 membranes were 56.4-93.1%; 78.5-100%; 43-69.3%; 67-100% respectively. Treated coal mine acid water using NF270 membrane technology can be used as drinking water that meets the standards of the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation. Thus, NF270 membrane technology can be used to process coal mine acid water into environmentally friendly drinking water.
- Published
- 2020
38. Feasibility assessment of the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass pretreated with acid mine drainage (AMD)
- Author
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Kevin G. Harding, Nicholas W. Burman, and Craig Sheridan
- Subjects
Payback period ,060102 archaeology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Environmental remediation ,020209 energy ,Biomass ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,06 humanities and the arts ,02 engineering and technology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Acid mine drainage ,Biofuel ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Capital cost ,Environmental science ,0601 history and archaeology ,Fermentation - Abstract
A techno-economic evaluation of a lignocellulosic bioethanol facility that uses acid mine drainage for the pre-treatment of weeping love grass (Eragrostis curvula) was performed. Both separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) reactor configurations were evaluated. Results were compared to an evaluation of the same process with biomass pre-treated with dilute H2SO4. Capital and operating costs were estimated and a simple economic evaluation was conducted. It was found that all scenarios made a loss except for biomass pre-treated with H2SO4 in the SHF reactor configuration, although the high capital cost resulted in a payback period of 80.7 years, which is unfeasible. SHF was found to produce more ethanol at a lower capital cost than SSF, indicating that it is more economically feasible. Incorporating the remediation of AMD into a simultaneous process could help improve process economics. It is thus recommended that a techno-economic evaluation be conducted on a process that produces bioethanol through SHF and simultaneously remediates AMD.
- Published
- 2020
39. Sulfate and metals removal from acid mine drainage in a horizontal anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor
- Author
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Giselle Patrícia Sancinetti, Juliana Kawanishi Braga, Omar Mendes de Melo Júnior, and Renata Piacentini Rodriguez
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,genetic structures ,Sulfide ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Mining ,Water Purification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactors ,Metals, Heavy ,Anaerobiosis ,Operational costs ,Sulfate-reducing bacteria ,Sulfate ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sewage ,Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria ,Sulfates ,fungi ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Cells, Immobilized ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,eye diseases ,020801 environmental engineering ,chemistry ,Environmental science ,sense organs ,Acids ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Anaerobic exercise ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
The acid mine drainage (AMD) can causes negative impacts to the environment. Physico-chemical methods to treat AMD can have high operational costs. Through passive biological methods, such as anaerobic reactors, sulfate reduction, and recovery of metals are promoted. This study evaluated the performance of a horizontal anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor for the treatment of synthetic AMD using polyurethane foam as support material, and anaerobic sludge as inoculum. Ethanol was used as an electron donor for sulfate reduction, resulting in an influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the range of 500-1,500 mg/L and COD/sulfate ratio at 1. A gradual increase of sulfate and COD concentration was applied that resulted in COD removal efficiencies higher than 78%, and sulfate removal efficiencies of 80%. Higher sulfate and COD concentrations associated with higher hydraulic retention times (36 h) proved to be a better strategy for sulfate removal. The HAIB reactor was able to accommodate an increase in the SLR up to 2.25 g SO
- Published
- 2020
40. Industrial acid mine drainage and municipal wastewater co-treatment by dual-chamber microbial fuel cells
- Author
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Giovanni Hernández-Flores, Oscar Talavera-Mendoza, J. Ramirez-Nava, Jazmin Alaide López-Díaz, Omar Solorza-Feria, Carlos Escamilla-Alvarado, Héctor M. Poggi-Varaldo, and L.S. Vélez-Pérez
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Microbial fuel cell ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Alkalinity ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Fuel Technology ,Bioremediation ,Wastewater ,Organic matter ,Metalloid ,0210 nano-technology ,Sludge - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate performance of a co-treatment method of industrial acid mine drainage (I-AMD) and municipal wastewater (MWW) by dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (DC-MFC). Sewage sludge and MWW were used as inoculum-fuel in anodic chamber. I-AMD was fed to the cathode side of the chamber. A 100 Ω resistor was used to externally connect the anode to the cathode (DC-MFC-A). A second cell was operated at the open circuit potential (DC-MFC-B). In both cells, the efficiency of organic matter removal was ~15% and the wastewater alkalinity was reduced by more than 50% in both cells. On the other hand, the physicochemical characteristics and composition of I-AMD were modified. The pH increased from 2.50 to 4.12 ± 0.6. The S O 4 2 − concentration was reduced ca. 20 and 8% for the DC-MFC-A and DC-MFC-B, respectively. N O 3 − Concentration decreased in both cells by >90%. Different heavy metals (HMs) and metalloid removal values were observed in the cells: 42, 84, 71, 77, 55 and 42% for Cd, Cu, Fe, Al, Pb and As, respectively. Finally, a maximum volumetric power of 14,000 mW/m3 was reached by DC-MFC-A. The DC-MFCs achieved simultaneous treatment of MWW, partial neutralization of I-AMD, HMs removal, and bioelectricity generation. Hence, DC-MFCs seem to be an encouraging alternative for bioremediation of both MWW and I-AMD.
- Published
- 2020
41. Iron recovery from acid mine drainage sludge as Fenton source for municipal wastewater treatment
- Author
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Lian-Shin Lin and Maha A. Tony
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Soil Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Wastewater ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,Fenton reagent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Iron recovered from acid mine drainage (AMD) waters effluent and introduced as an advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) source, namely, Fenton reagent (FR) for municipal wastewater (MWW) treatment. A...
- Published
- 2020
42. The Effect of Particle Size on Mine Waste Sulfide Oxidation Rates and Conceptual Treatment Costs
- Author
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D. Dettrick, S. Yuen, Meenakshi Arora, Justin F. Costelloe, and N. Bourgeot
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sulfide ,business.industry ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Tailings ,law.invention ,Sieve ,Overburden ,chemistry ,law ,engineering ,Coal ,Particle size ,Pyrite ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Acid and metalliferous drainage (AMD) oxidation reaction rates were determined using oxygen consumption rates in a high sulfur overburden rock from the Australian Latrobe Valley coal provinces, and a mid to low range sulfur waste rock from a porphyry copper deposit in Papua, New Guinea. Nine grain sizes were tested, ranging from material retained by a 0.038 mm sieve through to a 40 mm sieve. Oxygen consumption rates in sealed cells were measured to establish pyrite oxidation rates (POR) in each sample. The oxygen consumption rates displayed a strong exponential reaction correlation with particle size for the material. The POR was found to range from 0.28 to 10.90 wt%/year FeS2 for the materials tested. A relationship between particle size and POR was established for comparative purposes. The smaller grind sizes included in this study extend the AMD/POR particle size data set available in the literature and will assist with geochemical engineering for designing tailings storage facilities. The potential economic and mine design ramifications of additional reactivity of fine mine materials is assessed and discussed using a unit cost framework for applying neutralizing materials.
- Published
- 2019
43. A Comparative Study of Carbon Emissions from Industrial and Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants under the Background of Carbon Neutralization.
- Author
-
Liu, Xiaoping, Li, Zhanbin, Li, Peng, Xu, Weiqing, Liu, Tong, Cheng, Shengdong, Li, Jiajia, Miao, Ziyao, Zhang, Lin, and Zheng, Xing
- Subjects
SEWAGE purification ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,CARBON emissions ,SEWAGE disposal plants ,ACID mine drainage ,GREENHOUSE gases ,CARBON offsetting - Abstract
This paper studied the characteristics of the carbon emission of an industrial wastewater treatment plant (IWWTP) and a domestic WWTP (DWWTP) located in a high-tech industrial park of Shaanxi Province, China. The results showed that the total carbon emissions of the IWWTP and DWWTP were 10.13 kg/t and 1.84 kg/t in 2020, respectively. Indirect carbon emissions play a dominant role in the total carbon emission of the IWWTP, which accounts for about 97.6% of the total amount. The direct carbon emissions of greenhouse gases (e.g., CH
4 , N2 O) account for about 62% of the total carbon emissions in the DWWTP, followed by the indirect carbon emissions generated by electricity consumption (31.06%) and chemical consumption (6.94%). Additionally, the centralized recycling and re-utilization of the wastewater could achieve 1.06 kg/t and 1.16 kg/t of carbon emission reduction in the IWWTP and DWWTP, respectively, while the carbon emissions of the DWWTP are inversely proportional to the treatment capacity. Therefore, it is of great value to collect and utilize intensively the recycled water to achieve the goal of regional carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization of WWTPs in industrial parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Accelerated mineralization of textile wastewater under 222 nm irradiation from Kr/Cl2 excilamp: an environmentally friendly and energy efficient approach.
- Author
-
Ahlawat, Kiran, Jangra, Ramavtar, and Prakash, Ram
- Subjects
AZO dyes ,HIGH resolution spectroscopy ,SEWAGE ,FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,TEXTILE dyeing ,ACID mine drainage - Abstract
The textile dyeing and manufacturing industry is the major producer of significant amounts of wastewater that contain persistent substances such as azo dyes that require adequate remediation measures. Far ultraviolet at 222 nm light may provide an advantage for contaminants degradation as compared to conventional UV sources (254 nm). In this paper, the degradation of reactive black 5 (RB5) in artificial wastewater has been performed using a 222 nm Kr/Cl
2 excimer source under direct photolysis and an advanced oxidation process using TiO2 /H2 O2 . The solution pH, catalyst concentration, 222 nm intensity, initial concentration of dye, and addition of H2 O2 influence the degradation rate constant. The molar absorption coefficient, quantum yield of RB5 at 222 nm and the electrical energy per order (EEO) from different treatment methods have been reported. RB5 shows 1.26 times higher molar absorption at 222 nm than at 254 nm. The EEO for excimer-222/H2 O2 (∼ 13 kWh/m3 ) is five times lower than that of the excimer-222/TiO2 process, which makes the process energy efficient. The degradation of wastewater has been carried out at three distinct pH values (2, 6, and 10), and the pH level of 10 exhibited the highest degree of degradation. The degradation rate in the alkaline medium is 8.27 and 2.05 times higher than in the acidic or ambient medium. Since textile effluent is highly alkaline, this result is significant, as no neutralization of the wastewater is required, and direct treatment is possible. A possible degradation pathway has been established based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) analysis. The phytotoxicity of the treated wastewater has also been evaluated for its suitability for reuse in agriculture. The study reveals that the excimer-222/H2 O2 treated wastewater significantly enhanced the germination percentage of Raphanus sativus seed (97%) compared to dye wastewater-grown seeds (75%). This work offers crucial information for future studies on the direct and indirect photolysis of azo dyes, as well as insight into the process of RB5 degradation under Kr/Cl2 excimer radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. In Situ Use of Mining Substrates for Wetland Construction: Results of a Pilot Experiment.
- Author
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Hernández-Pérez, Carmen, Martínez-López, Salvadora, Martínez-Sánchez, María José, Martínez-Martínez, Lucia Belén, García-Lorenzo, María Luz, and Perez Sirvent, Carmen
- Subjects
WETLANDS ,ACID mine drainage ,PHRAGMITES ,PILOT projects ,MINE waste ,PLANT growing media ,PHRAGMITES australis - Abstract
This paper evaluates an experimental wetland as part of a pilot soil reclamation project in a mining area. The wetland was constructed using materials of mining origin from the area; most reactive materials of acid pH were stabilised using limestone filler. The study selected macrophytes that are tolerant to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and resistant to salinity, namely Phragmites australis, Juncus effusus, and Iris pseudacorus. These macrophytes were then placed in pots containing substrates composed of different mixtures of topsoil, peat, and mining waste (black or yellow sand). A thorough analysis of the physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the materials included studies of PTE mobilisation. This study emphasises the significance of the rhizosphere in directing the transfer of PTEs to the plant and the correlation between the substrate and the development of plant defence mechanisms, such as the formation of Fe-plates. Scanning electron microscopy was used to highlight these aspects and validate the results of the analytical determinations. These wetlands can be proposed as a phytoremediation strategy for areas affected by mining and maritime influence. They are easy to construct and remain stable, providing important ecosystem services such as the natural attenuation of acid mine drainage, support for vegetation development and fauna, and a clean ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Various Operational Aspects of the Extraction of Critical Minerals from Acid Mine Drainage and Its Treatment By-product
- Author
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Zhongqing Xiao
- Subjects
chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,By-product ,Environmental science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Acid mine drainage ,Solvent extraction ,Pulp and paper industry ,Stripping (fiber) ,Cobalt ,Data scrubbing ,Saponification - Published
- 2021
47. Quantification and characterization of the sludge generated from synthetic acid mine drainage treatment using sodium ferrate (VI) as an advance oxidation process
- Author
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James Ramontja, Caliphs Zvinowanda, John Ngoni Zvimba, and Alexis Munyengabe
- Subjects
Reaction rate ,Settling rate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Settling ,chemistry ,Sodium ,Reagent ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Oxidation process ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,Ferrate(VI) - Abstract
A major problem in the active treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) is the generation of large volumes of sludge through pH neutralization, oxidation of iron (II) and subsequent metal precipitation. The sludge settling rate, sludge volume index (SVI) and sedimentation process are ones of parameters identifying a good treatment of AMD. Sodium ferrate (VI) (Na2FeO4) is one reagent currently used to treat water due to its quick reaction rate, easy implementation and relatively low chemical and operational costs. However, very limited information is available in the literature related to the detailed characterization and dewaterability of Na2FeO4-treated AMD sludge. This study aimed at characterizing and monitoring settling rate and densification process of synthetic AMD sludge after treatment with Na2FeO4. The results confirmed a complete removal of iron from the synthetic AMD due to high oxidation strength of ferrate (VI) in acidic medium (Eᵒ = 2.2V) and showed the presence of different minerals formed in the sludge after treatment. The concentrations of the sludge collected at different intervals were justified by the densification process and high density of the sludge was obtained after 25 minutes while high weight percent of iron was found at 10 min and Fe and O dominated other elements in the sludge. The study demonstrated very good settling properties of the sludge and the low SVI value ranging between 30 and 60 mL/g TSS.
- Published
- 2021
48. Design of a bioprocess for metal and sulfate removal from acid mine drainage
- Author
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Cristian Hurtado, Davor Cotoras, and Pabla Viedma
- Subjects
Packed bed ,Chemistry ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Metals and Alloys ,Biosorption ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,020801 environmental engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials Chemistry ,Bioreactor ,Sulfate-reducing bacteria ,Cellulose ,Bioprocess ,Sulfate ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The high levels of sulfate and the metals in acid mine drainages generate important environmental problems. This paper describes the synergistic combination of a biosorption process and a new sulfate removal process. The treatment for the elimination of metals by biosorption with a Bacillus strain allowed reducing the high metal concentrations that had a toxic effect on the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). On the other hand, the sulfate removal process used a microbial sulfate-reducing halotolerant consortium, which was able to reduce the sulfate concentration using low-cost organic substrates such as spirulina, cellulose and industrial starch. Independent of substrate present in the culture medium, the SRB was the predominant group. The sulfate-reducing consortium was cultured on a bench-scale upflow anaerobic packed bed bioreactor filled with Celite R-635. It was possible to reduce the concentration of sulfate in the culture medium in batch or semi-continuous operation. This integrated process is an inexpensive alternative for the elimination of metals by biosortion and the elimination of sulfate using a sulfate-reducing consortium.
- Published
- 2018
49. Quality of water recovered by treating acid mine drainage using pervious concrete adsorbent
- Author
-
Ayanda N. Shabalala and Stephen O. Ekolu
- Subjects
Cement ,Zerovalent iron ,zero-valent iron ,Pervious concrete ,Chemistry ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,batch test ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Pervious concrete, zero-valent iron, acid mine drainage, batch test, permeable reactive barrier ,Pulp and paper industry ,Acid mine drainage ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,020801 environmental engineering ,law.invention ,Portland cement ,law ,Permeable reactive barrier ,Fly ash ,Leaching (metallurgy) ,Waste Management and Disposal ,permeable reactive barrier ,Water Science and Technology ,acid mine drainage - Abstract
In this paper, a batch experiment was conducted to evaluate the water quality obtained from using pervious concrete (PERVC) technology to treat acid mine drainage (AMD). The study proposes an innovative application of PERVC as a permeable reactive barrier liner in evaporation ponds. The effectiveness of PERVC adsorbent in removing heavy metals was compared with that of zero-valent iron (ZVI) of particle size 1.0 to 1.8 mm. The AMD used in the study was obtained from abandoned gold and coal mines. PERVC mixtures consisted of granite aggregate and ordinary Portland cement CEM I 52.5R (CEM I) or CEM I containing Class F 30% fly ash (30%FA) as a cement replacement material. ZVI was prepared from a mixture of silica sand and iron grit of specific sizes. PERVC and ZVI media were used to conduct batch reactor tests with AMD, for a period of 43 days at a ratio of 1 L of reactive material to 3 L of AMD. The quality of treated AMD was compared against effluent discharge standards. The contaminants Al, Fe and Zn were effectively removed by both PERVC and ZVI. Also, both adsorbents reduced Ni, Co and Cu to levels below those measured in raw AMD. However, PERVC was more effective in removing Mn and Mg while ZVI was ineffective. Although PERVC removed more heavy metals and with greater efficiency than ZVI, the PERVC-treated water showed high pH levels and exhibited elevated Cr 6+ concentrations, owing to leaching from the cement and fly ash materials used in PERVC mixtures. Keywords : Pervious concrete, zero-valent iron, acid mine drainage, batch test, permeable reactive barrier
- Published
- 2019
50. Laboratory Study on the Effectiveness of Limestone and Cementitious Industrial Products for Acid Mine Drainage Remediation
- Author
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Bruno Bussière, Hassan Bouzahzah, Mostafa Benzaazoua, and Abdellatif Elghali
- Subjects
lcsh:Mineralogy ,lcsh:QE351-399.2 ,mine tailings ,Environmental remediation ,contaminant stabilization ,Amendment ,Geology ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,Tailings ,cementitious amendments ,law.invention ,Portland cement ,law ,Fly ash ,Environmental science ,alkaline amendments ,Cementitious ,acid mine drainage - Abstract
Acid mine tailings may affect several environmental matrices. Here, we aimed to stabilize acid-generated mine tailings using several alkaline and cementitious amendments, which were tested in columns for 361 days. The alkaline amendments consisted of 10 and 20 wt.% limestone, while the cementitious amendments consisted of different binders at a total dosage of 5 wt.% binder. The different formulations for the cementitious amendments were: 50% Kruger fly ash and 50% class F fly ash, 20% ordinary Portland cement, 40% Kruger fly ash, and 40% class F fly ash, 80% ordinary Portland cement and 20% Kruger fly ash, and 20% ordinary Portland cement, 40% Kruger fly ash, and 40% fly ash. Kinetic testing on the amendment formulations showed that the pH values increased from <, 2.5 to circumneutral values (~7.5). The mobility of various chemical species was greatly reduced. Cumulative Fe released from the unamended tailings was ~342.5 mg/kg, and was <, 22 mg/kg for the amended tailings. The main mechanisms responsible for metal(loid) immobilization were the precipitation of secondary phases, such as Fe-oxyhydroxides, physical trapping, and tailing impermeabilization.
- Published
- 2021
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