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International audience; We report on the X-ray spectral behavior within the steady states of GRS1915+105. Our work is based on the full data set of the source obtained using the Proportional Counter Array (PCA) on the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) and 15 GHz radio data obtained using the Ryle Telescope. The steady observations within the X-ray data set naturally separated into two regions in the color–color diagram and we refer to these regions as steady-soft and steady-hard. GRS1915+105 displays significant curvature in the coronal component in both the soft and hard data within the RXTE/PCA bandpass. A majority of the steady-soft observations displays a roughly constant inner disk radius (${R}_{{\rm{in}}}$), while the steady-hard observations display an evolving disk truncation which is correlated to the mass accretion rate through the disk. The disk flux and coronal flux are strongly correlated in steady-hard observations and very weakly correlated in the steady-soft observations. Within the steady-hard observations, we observe two particular circumstances when there are correlations between the coronal X-ray flux and the radio flux with log slopes $\eta \sim 0.68\pm 0.35$ and $\eta \sim 1.12\pm 0.13$. They are consistent with the upper and lower tracks of Gallo et al. (2012), respectively. A comparison of the model parameters to the state definitions shows that almost all of the steady-soft observations match the criteria of either a thermal or steep power-law state, while a large portion of the steady-hard observations match the hard-state criteria when the disk fraction constraint is neglected.

Cette HDR est dédiée à l'études des binaires X et de leurs propriétés. Je me penche plus particulièrement sur l'étude d'une famille de systèmes récemment mise en avant par le satellite INTEGRAL et constitués d'une étoile à neutrons et d'une supergéante, où l'accrétion est "directe", et aborde ensuite mes travaux sur les microquasars. Dans ces derniers le système est composé d'un trou noir et d'une étoile de faible masse ; l'accrétion s'y fait via un disque. Dans ce document je présente tout d'abord les aspects purement astronomiques (astrométrie, caractérisation des sources) et progresse vers l'analyse physique de leurs émissions (spectrométrie, photométrie) après avoir discuté des résultats obtenus par une approche purement phénoménologique de ces populations de sources. Lors de l'approche physique je montre tout d'abord comment les rayons X peuvent permettre une radiographie du système, et les conclusions qu'il est possible d'obtenir sur l'environnement local du système : vent stellaire, cocon absorbant, interaction vent stellaire/émission X. Dans le cadre des microquasars les analyses systématiques de ces objets m'ont permis de contraindre certains liens entre phénomènes d'accrétion et d'éjection. Je présente ainsi les conclusions qu'il est possible de tirer des bases de données multi-longueurs d'onde. Je décris alors trois modèles théoriques concurrents et les confronte avec les résultats observationnels.

GRS1915+105 is a very peculiar black hole binary that exhibits accretion-related states that are not observed in any other stellar-mass black hole system. One of these states, however -- referred to as the plateau state -- may be related to the canonical hard state of black hole X-ray binaries. Both the plateau and hard state are associated with steady, relatively lower X-ray emission and flat/inverted radio emission, that is sometimes resolved into compact, self-absorbed jets. However, while generally black hole binaries quench their jets when the luminosity becomes too high, GRS1915+105 seems to sustain them despite the fact that it accretes at near- or super-Eddington rates. In order to investigate the relationship between the plateau and the hard state, we fit two multi-wavelength observations using a steady-state outflow-dominated model, developed for hard state black hole binaries. The data sets consist of quasi-simultaneous observations in radio, near-infrared and X-ray bands. Interestingly, we find both significant differences between the two plateau states, as well as between the best-fit model parameters and those representative of the hard state. We discuss our interpretation of these results, and the possible implications for GRS 1915+105's relationship to canonical black hole candidates., Comment: accepted for publication in MNRAS