45 results on '"Ministry of Finance"'
Search Results
2. Dismal Science, Accounting and Newton’s Second Law : Identifying Force and Rigidity in Public Expenditure Analysis
- Author
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Merotto, Dino, Hayati, Fayavar, Stephan, David, and Bataille, William
- Subjects
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ,FISCAL REFORMS ,INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,BUDGET ,OPERATING EXPENSES ,PENSION FUND ,OPERATING EXPENDITURES ,ADMINISTRATIVE CLASSIFICATION ,GOVERNMENT DEBT ,FINANCIAL ASSETS ,TOTAL SPENDING ,PROGRAMS ,INFLATION ,FISCAL BALANCE ,REVENUE GROWTH ,FISCAL DEFICIT ,PUBLIC BUDGETS ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,CAPITAL SPENDING ,FISCAL MANAGEMENT ,EARLY WARNING INDICATOR ,FISCAL RULES ,EARLY WARNING SYSTEM ,OUTCOMES ,BASELINE ESTIMATES ,PUBLIC BUDGET ,EXPENDITURE GROWTH ,CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ,MONETARY TERMS ,MUNICIPALITIES ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,NET LENDING ,DEBT SERVICE ,GOVERNMENT FINANCE STATISTICS ,FISCAL EXPENDITURES ,BUDGET SYSTEMS ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,INTERNAL LOANS ,AGGREGATE SPENDING ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,ENTITLEMENTS ,EDUCATION SPENDING ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,REAL EXCHANGE RATE ,SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS ,EXPENDITURE DATA ,EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS ,FISCAL PRESSURES ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,TAX REVENUE ,FISCAL FRAMEWORK ,TAX POLICY ,SOCIAL EQUITY ,GOVERNMENT FINANCE ,DISCRETIONARY FISCAL STIMULUS ,PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,FISCAL ADJUSTMENT ,MERIT GOOD ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,LIQUIDITY ,EXPENDITURE PROGRAMS ,SERVICES ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,PUBLIC DEBT ,DEBT ,CONTINGENT LIABILITIES ,BUDGET BILL ,FISCAL RELATIONS ,AGGREGATE EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS ,INTEREST PAYMENTS ,SOCIAL SECURITY ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,CENTRAL BANK ,TOTAL EXPENDITURES ,TRANSFERS BETWEEN LEVELS ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,GROWTH OF EXPENDITURES ,MEDIUM-TERM PLAN ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,MONEY SUPPLY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,DISTRIBUTIONAL EQUITY ,ACCOUNTING ,BUDGETS ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,OUTPUT MEASURES ,EXCHANGE RATE CRISES ,FINANCIAL CRISES ,EXPENDITURE LEVELS ,FISCAL POLICY ,NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE ,DEBT‐RELIEF ,EXCHANGE RATE ,TAX BREAKS ,PRIVATE SECTOR GROWTH ,NATIONAL STATISTICS ,CAPITAL GRANTS ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,TAXES ,PUBLIC SPENDING TRENDS ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ,CHANGE IN REVENUE ,ECONOMIC POLICY ,AUTOMATIC STABILIZERS ,CAPITAL TRANSFERS ,EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,DEBT SERVICE PAYMENTS ,TAX REVENUES ,EXPENDITURES ,COMMODITY PRICES ,DEBT MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,GROWTH RATE ,EDUCATION EXPENDITURES ,FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY ,DEBT SERVICING ,MARKET FAILURES ,ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION ,DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENDITURE ,SOCIAL BENEFITS ,FISCAL RIGIDITIES ,HEALTH EXPENDITURES ,EXPENDITURE ITEM ,CIVIL DEFENSE ,MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,FISCAL PROBLEMS ,NATIONAL SECURITY ,BUDGET EXPENDITURE ,COMPOSITION OF PUBLIC SPENDING ,EXTERNAL LOANS ,SOCIAL INSURANCE ,REVENUES ,TAX EXPENDITURE ,DEBT SUSTAINABILITY ,HEALTH SERVICES ,DEFICIT ,STRUCTURAL REFORMS ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ,CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,FISCAL ECONOMISTS ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURE GROWTH ,ROAD TRANSPORT ,EXPENDITURE ,FISCAL ANALYSIS ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT - Abstract
This paper proposes a new measure of public expenditure force that policy makers and budget analysts should track in detail over time in routine fiscal monitoring. The paper suggests that adopting the measure will not only warn policy makers of possible impending fiscal pressures, but will help them to differentiate between those budgetary pressures that are temporary and those that may require reforms. The main utility of the expenditure force measure will be in country fiscal analysis. Measuring force across the entire budget allows practitioners to monitor and decompose the micro drivers of public spending pressure, watch out for rapidly expanding spending lines, and identify priorities for reform before these pressures lead to macro fiscal problems. Yet by its construct, spending force is internationally comparable, and independent of expenditure levels or spending types. This could allow global monitoring comparisons and global research into the drivers of public spending force across particular types of country characteristics and economic conditions. In time, and as more data become available, researchers can use the force measure to compare and contrast the dynamics of expenditure types across countries. For example the measure can be used to explore what gives some spending types an initial impulse; whether underlying factors cause different public spending categories to grow faster than average, or to accelerate over time; and what successful countries have done to manage rising force without damaging public services. Since force seems to be a decent predictor of fiscal episodes, it is suggested that “speed limits” for spending might be a feasible component of fiscal rules.
- Published
- 2015
3. Realigning the Union Budget to Myanmar’s Development Priorities : Myanmar Public Expenditure Review 2015
- Author
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World Bank
- Subjects
PUBLIC SERVICE ,WASTE ,EFFICIENCY OF GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,CHILDREN ,BUDGET ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,BUDGET DATA ,ALLOCATION ,FAMILIES ,PHYSICIANS ,ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ,FISCAL BALANCE ,FISCAL RISK ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,IMPLEMENTATION ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,CAPITAL SPENDING ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,OUTCOMES ,MUNICIPALITIES ,WORKERS ,INFECTIOUS DISEASES ,NUTRITIONAL STATUS ,FISCAL TRANSFERS ,DEBT SERVICE ,RISK FACTORS ,MEDICINES ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,VACCINATION ,PRIVATE SPENDING ,HEALTH PLANNING ,EDUCATION SPENDING ,HEALTH ,SMOKING ,INTERVENTION ,AGED ,SECONDARY SCHOOLS ,FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,HIGHER GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,LEPROSY ,FISCAL ACCOUNTS ,PATIENT ,CHILD DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,REVENUE POLICIES ,HEALTH SPENDING ,FISCAL FRAMEWORK ,SURVEILLANCE ,FISCAL YEAR ,QUALITY CONTROL ,PATIENTS ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,AGGREGATE FISCAL ,BUDGET POLICIES ,SUB- NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,CIVIL SERVICE ,MORTALITY ,DEFICIT FINANCING ,SERVICES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,PUBLIC DEBT ,PREVENTION ,DEBT ,SCREENING ,RISKS ,CLINICS ,EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ,TOTAL PUBLIC SECTOR ,CENTRAL CONTROL ,SOCIAL OUTCOMES ,HOSPITALS ,HEALTH SECTOR ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,ACCOUNTABILITY FOR RESULTS ,COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ,HEALTH PROMOTION ,PREGNANT WOMEN ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,CENTRAL BANK ,TAX RATE ,STRESS ,SURGERY ,TOTAL EXPENDITURES ,HEALTH EDUCATION ,OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY ,ANTENATAL CARE ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRACKING ,POLIO ,BLOCK GRANTS ,OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,TAX BASE ,PERFORMANCE INDEX ,ACCOUNTING ,HEALTH RESEARCH ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,SUB-NATIONAL REVENUES ,HEALTH POLICY ,DEATH ,CONDOMS ,IMMUNIZATION ,BUDGET OUTCOMES ,DECENTRALIZATION ,SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS ,FISCAL POLICY ,EXPENDITURE DECENTRALIZATION ,OIL PRICES ,HEALTH CARE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,EXCHANGE RATE ,DISASTERS ,REGISTRATION ,NUTRITION ,EXPENDITURE TRACKING ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,HYGIENE ,DATA QUALITY ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,FISCAL SCENARIOS ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,FEDERALISM ,PRIMARY SCHOOLS ,TAX REVENUES ,EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,SERVICE EMPLOYMENT ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,PEOPLE ,HEALTH FINANCING ,EDUCATION EXPENDITURES ,DEATH RATE ,DEBT SERVICING ,KNOWLEDGE ,MILITARY EXPENDITURES ,STRATEGY ,INTERNET ,ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION ,SOCIAL BENEFITS ,HEALTH EXPENDITURES ,PRISONS ,GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT ,PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ,HOSPITAL ADMISSION ,SCHOOL HEALTH ,NATIONAL PLANNING ,EDUCATION POLICY ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LAWS ,REVENUES ,MEDIUM-TERM FISCAL FRAMEWORK ,HEALTH SERVICES ,DEFICIT ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,FOOD INDUSTRY ,OBSERVATION ,RADIATION ,DISABILITIES ,NURSES ,WEIGHT ,OUTPATIENT CARE ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,EXPENDITURE ,HEALTH INTERVENTIONS - Abstract
Union Budget policies in Myanmar have undergone fundamental shifts since 2011 to accelerate delivery of essential public services. This first ever Public Expenditure Review (PER) for Myanmar tries to better understand these shifts and recommend ways to further align budget policies to development priorities. The Myanmar PER 2015 is divided into five parts: (i) sustainability of aggregate fiscal policy; (ii) rebalancing the composition of the Union Budget; (iii) improving coverage, quality and equity of education services; (iv) going from more to better government spending on health; and (v) a sound fiscal framework for sub-national service delivery. The book is arranged as follws: (i) chapter one starts with introduction; (ii) chapter two deals with sustainability of aggregate fiscal policy; (iii) chapter three focuses on rebalancing the composition of the union budget; (iv) chapter four deals with improving the coverage, quality and equity of education; (v) chapter five suggests from more to better government spending on health; and (vi) chapter six talks about fiscal framework for sub-national service delivery.
- Published
- 2015
4. FYR Macedonia Public Expenditure Review : Fiscal Policy for Growth
- Author
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World Bank Group
- Subjects
EXTERNAL BALANCE ,PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING ,TAX EXEMPTIONS ,WASTE ,CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES ,CHILDREN ,UNCERTAINTY ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,BUDGET ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,HEALTH INSURANCE ,ADMINISTRATIVE CLASSIFICATION ,BASELINE SCENARIO ,ALLOCATION ,FAMILIES ,MEASUREMENT ,AGING ,GOVERNMENT DEBT ,PUBLIC SECTOR DEBT ,INFLATION ,FISCAL DEFICIT ,IMPLEMENTATION ,CAPITAL SPENDING ,FISCAL TRANSPARENCY ,FISCAL RULES ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,PRICE STABILITY ,BENEFICIARIES ,PATIENT SATISFACTION ,OUTCOMES ,PUBLIC REVENUE ,INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT ,FISCAL STRATEGY ,FEASIBILITY STUDIES ,WORKERS ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,PERSONAL INCOME ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,GOVERNMENT FINANCE STATISTICS ,RISK FACTORS ,MEDICINES ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,EDUCATION SPENDING ,HEALTH ,SMOKING ,HEALTH EXPENDITURE ,STROKE ,AGED ,SECONDARY SCHOOLS ,REFORM AGENDA ,TRANSPARENCY ,CAPITAL INVESTMENT ,FINANCIAL AFFAIRS ,EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC SPENDING ,PATIENT ,CHILD DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,ELDERLY PEOPLE ,SOCIAL SECURITY FUNDS ,PUBLIC ENTERPRISE ,HEALTH SPENDING ,FISCAL FRAMEWORK ,FISCAL YEAR ,QUALITY CONTROL ,PATIENTS ,MEDIUM TERM FISCAL STRATEGY ,GENERAL PRACTITIONERS ,AUDIT OFFICE ,GOVERNMENT FINANCE ,HEALTH INSURANCE FUND ,HYPERTENSION ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,ROAD NETWORK ,MORTALITY ,MONETARY POLICY ,INCOME TAXES ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,SERVICES ,CERVICAL CANCER ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,REFORM PROGRAM ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,PUBLIC DEBT ,PREVENTION ,DEBT ,SCREENING ,FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,RISKS ,CLINICS ,CASH MANAGEMENT ,HOSPITALS ,PHARMACISTS ,HEALTH SECTOR ,SOCIAL SECURITY ,PENSION REFORM ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,PROGRAM EXPENDITURE ,COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,TAX RATE ,STRESS ,NATIONAL BANK ,SURGERY ,SOCIAL POLICY ,FOOD PROCESSING ,DOMESTIC DEBT ,MACROECONOMIC POLICIES ,CORPORATE INCOME TAXES ,ANTENATAL CARE ,BUDGET LAW ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT DEBT ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,GENERAL PRACTICE ,BUDGET STRUCTURE ,PERFORMANCE INDEX ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION ,ACCOUNTING ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,STATE AUDIT OFFICE ,IRON ,APPROPRIATIONS ,IMMUNIZATION ,FISCAL POLICY ,HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE ,HEALTH CARE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,EXCHANGE RATE ,PERSONAL INCOME TAXES ,FISCAL TARGETS ,REGISTRATION ,FINANCIAL CONTROL ,DEFICIT LEVEL ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,TAXES ,HYGIENE ,FISCAL PERFORMANCE ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,MIGRATION ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,SIZE OF GOVERNMENT ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,PRIMARY SCHOOLS ,EXPENDITURES ,GROWTH RATE ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,QUALITY OF LIFE ,PEOPLE ,EDUCATION EXPENDITURES ,DRUG CONSUMPTION ,FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY ,DEATH RATE ,KNOWLEDGE ,STRATEGY ,BUDGET DOCUMENTATION ,PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ,SICK LEAVE ,PUBLIC EMPLOYEES ,LAWS ,DEBT DYNAMICS ,SOCIAL INSURANCE ,BUDGET COMPREHENSIVENESS ,REVENUES ,MEDIUM-TERM FISCAL FRAMEWORK ,HEALTH SERVICES ,DEFICIT ,STRUCTURAL REFORMS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,PUBLIC SECTOR EFFICIENCY ,FOREIGN CURRENCY ,NURSES ,WEIGHT ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,EXPENDITURE - Abstract
FYR Macedonia is a small, open economy with solid economic growth. It reached independence in 1991. Though it was the first among the six countries in South East Europe (SEE6) 7 to gain EU candidate status in 2005, it has not been able to start negotiations for EU accession, partly because of its name dispute with Greece. Yet, EU accession is the main anchor of its reform agenda and all major political parties and over 80 percent of the people support EU membership. Landlocked, with a population of 2.1 million, the country GDP per capita is USD 5371. FYR Macedonia has enjoyed macroeconomic and financial stability during the last decade. Growth has been solid with an annual real GDP per capita growth in PPP terms of 3.7 percent between 2006 and 2014. This was the second highest growth rate among the countries of South East Europe and far above the EU28 average of 1.4 percent during this period, enabling FYR Macedonia to increase its per capita income relative to the EU28 from 30.7 percent in 2006 to 36.6 percent in 2014. Contrary to other SEE6 countries, unemployment in FYR Macedonia has declined since the 2009, yet gains in poverty reduction seem to have been moderate. Fiscal stimulus was largely driven by revenue-reducing measures and public investment. Between 2006 and 2013, general government spending averaged about 34.5 percent of GDP, which is significantly below the SEE6 and the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) average. At the same time, general government revenues declined steeply from 33.8 percent of GDP in 2007 to 27.8 percent in 2014, one of the lowest in the ECA region as the government reduced its rates on the corporate income tax and personal income tax as well as social security contributions. Also, debt financed investments of SOEs increased. As a consequence, public debt increased, undoing the gains of previous fiscal consolidation but enabling FYR Macedonia to sustain growth in times of a difficult external environment.
- Published
- 2015
5. Bosnia and Herzegovina : State Bank Governance Technical Note
- Author
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World Bank and International Monetary Fund
- Subjects
TAX EXEMPTIONS ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,BANKING SYSTEM ,INVENTORY ,BANKING SUPERVISION ,STATE INSTITUTIONS ,LIQUIDATION ,FINANCING ,EMPLOYMENT ,CRITERIA ,FINANCIER ,STATE OWNERSHIP ,GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,PRIVATE COMMERCIAL BANKS ,DEPOSIT INSURANCE ,LENDING ,INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ,PRODUCTIVITY ,STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES ,MANDATES ,INDEPENDENCE ,LACK OF TRANSPARENCY ,OVERSIGHT ,MINISTRIES ,MUNICIPALITIES ,GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS ,GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP ,GOVERNMENTS ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,AUDITING ,BANK ,LOANS ,AUDITORS ,DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,REPRESENTATIVES ,ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,AUTHORITIES ,TRANSPARENCY ,SUBORDINATED DEBT ,STRATEGIES ,EMERGING MARKETS ,FEDERATION ,DEVELOPMENT BANKING ,DEPOSITS ,INDUSTRY ,MARKETS ,FINANCE ,STATE OWNED BANKS ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,RETAIL BANKING ,BANKING INDUSTRY ,BANKING ,STATE BANKS ,ENTERPRISES ,DECISION MAKING ,CIVIL SERVICE ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,FOREIGN BANKS ,VOTING ,RISK TAKING ,SERVICES ,INTEREST RATES ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,NATIONALS ,DEBT ,CREDIT RISK ,CREDIT APPROVAL ,BANKING SECTOR ,FISCAL ,STATES ,CAPITAL ADEQUACY ,PUBLIC OPINION ,BANKING SYSTEMS ,DISCLOSURE ,AUTHORITY ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,ENTERPRISE REFORM ,BANKING REGULATION ,FINANCIAL SECTORS ,FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ,KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,AUDITS ,INSOLVENCY ,STATE BANKING ,DECREE ,PRIVATE BANKS ,ACCOUNTING ,VALUE ,RISK ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,GOVERNANCE ,FINANCIAL CRISES ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,STATE ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,FINANCIAL STABILITY ,REGULATION ,INSURANCE ,INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,INTERNATIONAL BANKING ,EXTERNAL AUDITORS ,BANKING SERVICES ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,GOVERNMENT ,BANKS ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTION ,LEGAL FORM ,BANK OF CANADA ,PUBLIC POLICY ,CREDIT ,GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,LEGISLATION ,STATE INTERVENTION ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,NONPERFORMING LOANS ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,PRUDENTIAL REQUIREMENTS ,CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT ,INTERNATIONAL BANKING STANDARDS ,SUBSIDIARY ,ASSET VALUE ,HOUSING ,FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ,RETURN ON EQUITY ,INTEREST ,RESPONSIBILITY ,STATE SECTOR ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,SUPERVISORY AUTHORITIES ,TRANSPORT ,FINANCIAL RESULTS ,LAWS ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,SAVINGS ,GOVERNMENT ENTITIES ,RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,AUDIT ,LEVEL PLAYING FIELD ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,LAW - Abstract
This Technical Note evaluates state bank corporate governance practices in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis was completed during October 27-November 18, 2014. This TN is not a formal assessment against the Basel Committee’s Principles for Enhancing Governance; rather, it assesses key issues and provides a set of recommendations to the authorities with the view to strengthen state bank governance and the State’s ownership structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The governments of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) and the Republic of Srpska (RS) are involved in their domestic banking systems through equity stakes and subordinated debt investments in certain banking institutions. Banks’ supervisory boards are not performing their intended leadership role.
- Published
- 2015
6. Institutional Change, Political Economy, and State Capabilities : Learning from Edo State, Nigeria
- Author
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Bain, Katherine, Porter, Doug, and Watts, Michael
- Subjects
CONSUMPTION TAXES ,POLITICAL CONFLICT ,TECHNOCRATS ,INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,ELECTED OFFICIALS ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,INVENTORY ,PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT ,PROJECTS ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,EMPLOYMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL REFORM ,NATIONAL ACCOUNTS ,FISCAL MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,LENDING ,INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS ,NATIONS ,MINISTRIES ,POLITICAL POWER ,GOVERNMENTS ,STATE REGULATION ,BANK ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,REVOLUTION ,LOANS ,STATE GOVERNMENT ,AUTHORITIES ,CONSTITUENCIES ,TRANSPARENCY ,STRATEGIES ,CADRES ,POLITICAL SURVIVAL ,FEDERATION ,DEMOCRACY ,INDUSTRY ,POLITICAL ELITES ,MARKETS ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,FINANCE ,GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,SOCIAL POWER ,TRANSFERS ,STATE AGENCIES ,STATE POWER ,LOCAL TAX ,CIVIL SERVICE ,DISTRICTS ,INCOME TAXES ,SERVICES ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,CONSTITUENCY ,GUARANTEES ,FISCAL ,STATES ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,PROPERTY ,CONSENSUS ,INSTITUTION BUILDING ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,AUTONOMY ,AUTHORITY ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,DEFICITS ,INSURGENCY ,AUTHORIZATION ,POLITICAL INTERFERENCE ,CITIZENS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,ACCOUNTING ,TAXATION ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,VALUE ,RISK ,GOVERNANCE ,PRINCIPAL ,REGIONS ,STATE ,BUILDING STATE CAPACITY ,ECONOMIC REFORM ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,PERSONAL INCOME TAXES ,REGULATION ,REVENUE ,TAXES ,GOVERNMENT ,RESOURCE CURSE ,BANKS ,LAND ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,BUREAUCRACY ,ADMINISTRATION ,PUBLIC POLICY ,FEDERALISM ,EXECUTION ,CREDIT ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,POLITICAL “SURVIVAL ,CENTRALIZATION ,COALITIONS ,LABOR ,SUBSIDIARY ,HOUSING ,EXECUTIVE POWER ,NATIONALISTS ,INTEREST ,RESPONSIBILITY ,INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS ,POLITICIANS ,CORRUPTION ,STATE ADMINISTRATION ,WATER SUPPLY ,STATE AUTHORITIES ,GOVERNMENT RESOURCES ,DECISION MAKERS ,CASH FLOWS ,TRANSPORT ,SOCIAL CAPITAL ,FISCAL FEDERALISM ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,LEGITIMACY ,SUBSIDIARIES ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,LAW ,EXPENDITURE ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT - Abstract
This paper is one of a series aimed at deepening the World Bank’s capacity to follow through on commitments made in response to the World Development Report (WDR) 2011, which gave renewed prominence to the nexus between conflict, security, and development. Nigeria is a remarkable illustration of how deeply intractable the cycle of poverty, conflict, and fragility can become when tied to the ferocious battles associated with the political economy of oil. This paper places the corpus of analytic and programmatic work concerning institutional reform in conversation with a now substantial body of work on resource politics and most especially, the debate over the politico-institutional character (sometimes called political settlements or pacting arrangements associated with the order of power) and reform landscape of the petro-state. Recent institution reform policy writing appears to have little to say about the political and economic conditions in which crises and institutional disjunctures may authorize, and thereby enable, agents to embark on institutional reforms. The authors focus on Edo state for two reasons. First, it does not on its face appear to be an obvious location in which to explore a reform experience, given its entanglement in the Niger Delta conflict and the maladies typically associated with state fragility. Second, Edo is of interest also because of the changes that its experience is contributing to the World Bank country team’s effort to engage operationally across all its instruments with the political economy of institutional reform in Nigeria, its largest client country in Africa.
- Published
- 2015
7. Quality of Macro-Fiscal Frameworks in Development Policy Operations
- Author
-
Independent Evaluation Group
- Subjects
MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE ,BUDGET ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,ANNUAL RATE ,MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES ,FISCAL PRUDENCE ,ALLOCATION ,SECTOR PROGRAMS ,FISCAL COST ,EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORKS ,PROGRAMS ,FISCAL BALANCE ,FISCAL RISK ,FISCAL DEFICIT ,EXPENDITURE POLICY ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,FISCAL MANAGEMENT ,FISCAL RULES ,OUTCOMES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,FISCAL CRISIS ,OUTCOME INDICATORS ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,CAPITAL FLIGHT ,PROGRAM REVIEWS ,FISCAL ACTIONS ,INCENTIVES ,REFORM AGENDA ,SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS ,HIGHER GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,EXPENDITURE PROGRAM ,INTEREST SUBSIDY ,FISCAL FRAMEWORK ,TAX POLICY ,SUSTAINABILITY OF REFORMS ,EXTERNAL DEBT ,FISCAL DEBT ,PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,BUDGET SUPPORT OPERATIONS ,FISCAL ADJUSTMENT ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,GOVERNMENT GUARANTEE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE POLICY ,SERVICES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,REFORM PROGRAM ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,DEBT ,FISCAL ARRANGEMENTS ,SECTORAL POLICY ,FISCAL FRAMEWORKS ,FISCAL PROGRAM ,SOCIAL SECURITY ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE ,PENSION REFORM ,PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,PRUDENT FISCAL MANAGEMENT ,FISCAL EXPENDITURE ,SECTORAL OBJECTIVES ,CIVIL SERVICE REFORM ,FISCAL ADJUSTMENTS ,MACROECONOMIC POLICIES ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,EXTERNAL SHOCKS ,FISCAL SIDE ,CONTINGENT LIABILITY ,MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,SOCIAL POLICIES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,TAX BASE ,ACCOUNTING ,BUDGET SUPPORT ,PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ,FISCAL POLICY ,PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT ,HEALTH CARE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,EXCHANGE RATE ,FISCAL TARGETS ,INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT ,MACROECONOMIC FRAMEWORK ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,SOCIAL SAFETY NETS ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,TAXES ,NATURAL DISASTERS ,EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,FISCAL IMBALANCE ,CORRECTIVE ACTION ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,FISCAL REFORM ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ,ECONOMIC POLICY ,STABILIZATION POLICY ,COMPETITION ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,EXPENDITURES ,DEBT MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,MACROECONOMIC POLICY ,GROWTH RATE ,DIAGNOSTIC WORK ,FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY ,CONDITIONALITY ,FISCAL RISKS ,FISCAL OBJECTIVES ,ARTICLE ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORKS ,DIVISION OF LABOR ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,FISCAL POSITION ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,TAX BASES ,MEDIUM-TERM FISCAL FRAMEWORK ,DEBT SUSTAINABILITY ,DEFICIT ,STRUCTURAL REFORMS ,POVERTY REDUCTION SUPPORT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,INTEREST RATE ,TAX EVASION ,EXPENDITURE ,FISCAL ANALYSIS ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT - Abstract
The report is part of a series of learning products with limited objectives geared towards synthesizing existing knowledge as well as learning and gaining new insights into the factors that influence design, policy implementation, and performance of development policy loans. It aims to provide fresh insights and build on previous evaluations of Bank investment projects and research and analytical work (for example, recent independent evaluation group (IEG) work on development policy operations (DPOs) includes the evaluation of poverty reduction support credits (PRSCs), first and second financial crisis evaluations (which examined crisis DPOs), recent operations policy and country services (OPCS) DPO retrospectives, and new research presented in this report on aspects of DPOs using a combination of approaches). The quality of macro frameworks in DPOs alone has not been subject of in-depth study. This report aims to contribute to filling that gap with a: (i) preliminary analysis of the quality of macro-fiscal frameworks in DPOs, and (ii) a comprehensive database of project level DPOs and related country and economic policy and statistical information, which is a byproduct of the study.
- Published
- 2015
8. Republic of Congo Public Expenditure Management and Financial Accountability Review : Implementing Public Financial Management Reforms to Stimulate Growth and Achieve Shared Prosperity
- Author
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World Bank
- Subjects
MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE ,FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,WASTE ,CHILDREN ,BUDGET ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,EXCHANGE RATES ,MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,BUDGETARY CONTROL ,ALLOCATION ,FAMILIES ,MEASUREMENT ,PUBLIC CAPITAL ,ANNUAL AVERAGE RATE ,TOTAL SPENDING ,PROGRAMS ,INFLATION ,POLICY DOCUMENT ,IMPLEMENTATION ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE EFFICIENCY ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,FISCAL MANAGEMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,EXTERNAL AUDIT ,PHYSICAL EDUCATION ,FEASIBILITY STUDIES ,WORKERS ,INFECTIOUS DISEASES ,PERSONAL INCOME ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN ,DIPHTHERIA ,INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT ,MEDICINES ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,VACCINATION ,ECONOMIC RECOVERY ,HEALTH ,AUDITORS ,HEALTH EXPENDITURE ,SUPREME AUDIT INSTITUTIONS ,INTERVENTION ,COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,AGED ,VIOLENCE ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,TRANSPARENCY ,SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS ,BUDGETARY PROCESS ,BUDGET CYCLE ,ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,PATIENT ,BUDGET CREDIBILITY ,BENEFIT INCIDENCE ANALYSIS ,HEALTH SPENDING ,FISCAL PRESSURE ,FISCAL YEAR ,QUALITY CONTROL ,PATIENTS ,FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION ,TREASURY SYSTEM ,NATIONAL INCOME ,DECISION MAKING ,BUDGET ALLOCATION ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,MORTALITY ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,PRICE INDEX ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,PREVENTION ,DEBT ,FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,RISKS ,EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ,CASH MANAGEMENT ,HOSPITALS ,HEALTH SECTOR ,CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ,DOMESTIC CREDIT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ,MARKETING ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTS ,CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE ,BURNS ,TOTAL EXPENDITURES ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,INSTITUTIONALIZATION ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,TAXPAYERS ,ACCOUNTING ,BUDGETS ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,INCOME TAX ,PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM ,FINANCIAL RISKS ,HEALTH POLICY ,IRON ,MONETARY UNION ,STATE BUDGET ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,HEALTH INDICATORS ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,FAMILY PLANNING ,FINANCIAL SYSTEM ,PREGNANCY ,HEALTH CARE ,EXCHANGE RATE ,DISASTERS ,REGISTRATION ,NUTRITION ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,TAXES ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURES ,EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,FISCAL PERFORMANCE ,FINANCIAL STATISTICS ,SECTOR EXPENDITURE ,INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,MIGRATION ,AUDIT INSTITUTIONS ,PERSONAL INCOME TAX ,COUNTRY PROCUREMENT ,EXERCISES ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,OUTPUT RATIO ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,PRIMARY SCHOOLS ,EXPENDITURES ,DEBT MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,GROWTH RATE ,MORBIDITY ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,QUALITY OF LIFE ,PEOPLE ,SECTOR BUDGET ,FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY ,DEATH RATE ,KNOWLEDGE ,CHILD HEALTH SERVICES ,STRATEGY ,EXPENDITURE BUDGET ,HEALTH MANAGEMENT ,HEALTH EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT PROGRAM ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LAWS ,BUDGET COMPREHENSIVENESS ,REVENUES ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,PUBLIC WORKS ,DEBT SUSTAINABILITY ,HEALTH SERVICES ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,OBSERVATION ,INTEREST RATE ,PRESENT VALUE ,PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS ,NURSES ,WEIGHT ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,EXPENDITURE ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS - Abstract
The Republic of Congo (Congo) boasts numerous assets that can be harnessed to build a strong and robust economy. These assets are oil, ore such as iron and potash, arable lands, and a young population. Congo is the fourth largest oil producer among West and Central African countries, both in total production (260,000 barrels per day) and production per capita terms. In addition, the country is endowed with substantial iron and potash that are yet to be exploited; it has a vast arable lands that could be useful for agricultural development; and the country boasts a young population, which, if well-educated, could be a dynamic labor force helping to spur economic growth.
- Published
- 2015
9. Uganda Economic Update, February 2015 : The Growth Challenge--Can Ugandan Cities Get to Work?
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
TOTAL DEBT ,MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY ,VALUE ADDED ,EXTREME POVERTY ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,INFLATIONARY PRESSURES ,FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES ,INFLATION ,FISCAL DEFICIT ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INCOME ,RECESSION ,FEDERAL RESERVE ,COMPETITIVENESS ,URBANIZATION ,RETURNS ,SEWAGE ,DEBT SERVICE ,CONSUMER PRICE INDEX ,PER CAPITA INCOME ,DEBT RATIOS ,NON-PERFORMING LOANS ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURE ,SOCIAL INDICATORS ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,FOREIGN CURRENCY LOANS ,PRIVATE SECTOR DEBT ,MORTGAGE ,PRIVATE SECTOR CREDIT ,EMERGING ECONOMIES ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,PRODUCTIVE CAPITAL ,ECONOMIC SECTORS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,DOMESTIC CAPITAL MARKET ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ,INVESTMENT PLANS ,GLOBAL ECONOMY ,ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ,FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKETS ,EXPLOITATION ,FINANCIAL DEPTH ,INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS ,MONETARY POLICY ,INCOME TAXES ,INTEREST RATES ,DEBT SOURCE ,PUBLIC DEBT ,URBAN GROWTH ,ARREARS ,INTEREST PAYMENTS ,DOMESTIC CREDIT ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE ,PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT ,CONSUMERS ,DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ,ENTREPRENEURS ,DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ,DISBURSEMENTS ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,INVESTMENT PROJECTS ,GDP ,PORTFOLIO FLOWS ,TRADE BALANCE ,TAX REGIME ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,BASE YEAR ,PORTFOLIO ,TAXATION ,EXPORTS ,POSITIVE EFFECTS ,DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ,DOMESTIC BORROWING ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,OUTSTANDING CREDIT ,INTERNATIONAL TRADE ,AMORTIZATION ,FISCAL POLICY ,EXCHANGE RATE ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ,EQUIPMENT ,DEBT RELIEF ,HOUSEHOLDS ,CURRENT PRICES ,PERSONAL LOANS ,FORECASTS ,GOVERNMENT SECURITIES ,ECONOMIC VALUE ,INFLATION RATES ,GOVERNMENT SAVINGS ,UNION ,EXTERNAL BORROWING ,LOAN ,COMMODITY PRICES ,TAX REVENUES ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,SECURITIES ,NONPERFORMING LOANS ,REAL GDP ,BANK RATE ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,NDP ,GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT ,ISSUANCE ,REAL ESTATE ,DOMESTIC ARREARS ,SUBSIDIARY ,HOUSING ,INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,TRANSPORT ,FISCAL POLICY TARGETS ,INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,INVESTMENT SPENDING ,LOCAL CURRENCY ,POTENTIAL INVESTORS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ,TAX ,DEBT-SERVICE ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,GOVERNMENT DEBT ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,PUSH FACTORS ,TOTAL REVENUE ,DOMESTIC MARKET ,LAND USE ,MACROECONOMICS ,INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ,PRODUCTIVITY ,DOMESTIC CAPITAL ,INVESTING ,INVESTMENT FLOWS ,PUBLIC INVESTMENTS ,ECONOMIC CRISIS ,INFLATION RATE ,FOREIGN INTEREST ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN ,RESERVES ,CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS ,TAX COLLECTION ,HIGH INTEREST RATES ,ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ,SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS ,LIVING STANDARDS ,FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ,PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS ,INTERNATIONAL MARKETS ,FISCAL FRAMEWORK ,TRADE DEFICIT ,WAGES ,CAPITAL GAINS ,EXTERNAL DEBT ,CONSUMPTION LEVELS ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,ECONOMIC EXPANSION ,MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ,REGULATORY AUTHORITY ,DURABLE ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,CENTRAL BANK ,RETURN ,MACRO-STABILITY ,AGRICULTURE ,FACTORING ,DOMESTIC DEBT ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,M2 ,LAND MARKETS ,CREDIBILITY ,MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ,DEFICITS ,FOREIGN EXCHANGE ,ACCOUNTING ,COMMERCIAL BANK ,GROWTH POTENTIAL ,MICRO ENTERPRISES ,HOUSEHOLD INVESTMENT ,OIL RESOURCES ,WOMAN ,REMITTANCES ,BANK FINANCING ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,ISSUANCE OF GOVERNMENT SECURITIES ,REVENUE MOBILIZATION ,ACCESS TO SERVICES ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,GOVERNMENT FINANCES ,OIL PRICES ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,SHORT MATURITY ,PUBLIC DEBT STOCK ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURES ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS ,TRADE FLOWS ,RATES OF INFLATION ,CURRENT ACCOUNT ,LAND POLICIES ,AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ,INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ,MIGRATION ,PRICE VOLATILITY ,ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES ,PUBLIC POLICY ,ACCESS TO CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,GROWTH RATE ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,EXPORT EARNINGS ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,MONETARY FUND ,DISECONOMIES OF SCALE ,FISCAL POLICIES ,CREDIT SOURCE ,RECEIPTS ,JOB CREATION ,DEBT BURDEN ,CAPITAL INFLOWS ,DEBT SUSTAINABILITY ,HEALTH SERVICES ,CONSUMER GOODS ,REFUGEES ,URBAN AREAS ,CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT ,FOREIGN CURRENCY ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,EXPENDITURE - Abstract
This Fifth Edition of the Uganda Economic Update presents evidence that if the urbanization process is well managed, it has the potential to stimulate economic growth and to provide productive jobs for a greater proportion of Uganda s young and rapidly expanding population. In many countries across the world, the growth of cities has stimulated the establishment and expansion of productive businesses by reducing the distance between suppliers and customers. The growth of cities has also facilitated provision of social services and infrastructure through economies of scale. These positive effects from urbanization are already visible in Uganda since the poverty rate is seven percentage points lower in urban areas than in rural areas. Most of the recent job creation is found in cities, and social indicators are also better in urban areas, especially in education and health. This report conveys the following key messages: (1) over the past 12 years, the number of people living in Uganda s urban areas has been increasing by an average of 300,000 people per year, (2) during the past few decades, similarly rapid rates of urbanization have been recorded in many emerging countries, (3) as is the case in many other developing countries, the prospects of good jobs, higher incomes and better living conditions in the cities continue to attract Ugandans from rural areas, (4) currently, the opportunity presents itself for Uganda to leverage urbanization to benefit a large proportion of the population, and (5) through the implementation of smart policies, Uganda can ensure that its cities are both competitive and livable.
- Published
- 2015
10. Responding to the Challenge of Fragility and Security in West Africa : Natural Resources, Extractive Industry Investment, and Social Conflict
- Author
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Maconachie, Roy, Srinivasan, Radhika, and Menzies, Nicholas
- Subjects
TAX RATES ,FOREIGN INVESTORS ,RIVER BASINS ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,DECISION-MAKING ,PROJECTS ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,EXTERNALITIES ,EMPLOYMENT ,COUNCILS ,POLICY MAKERS ,GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION ,LAND USE ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,PRODUCTIVITY ,VALUES ,REVENUE SHARING ,ROYALTY ,WATER POLLUTION ,GOVERNMENTS ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,POLITICAL ECONOMIES ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,BANK ,ENTITLEMENTS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES ,METALS ,MINES ,AUTHORITIES ,TRANSPARENCY ,REGULATORY REGIMES ,STRATEGIES ,LOCAL COUNCILS ,FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ,ETHNIC GROUPS ,FISHING ,DEPOSITS ,INDUSTRY ,ECOLOGY ,MARKETS ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,FINANCE ,FISH ,POLLUTION ,PRICES ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,TRANSFERS ,TIMBER ,EXPLOITATION ,STREAMS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,WELFARE EFFECTS ,SERVICES ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,TRADE ,FISCAL ,ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ,STATES ,GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,PROPERTY ,POLITICAL INSTABILITY ,ENVIRONMENTS ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,AUTHORITY ,DEVOLUTION ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,INSURGENCY ,CITIZENS ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,ACCOUNTING ,FISCAL REVENUE ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,VALUE ,RISK ,EFFECTIVE USE ,ECONOMIES ,BARRIERS TO ENTRY ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,GOVERNANCE ,REGIONS ,STATE ,DECENTRALIZATION ,NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,FISCAL POLICY ,REGIONAL INTEGRATION ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,REVENUE ,PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ,TAXES ,GOVERNMENT ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,RESOURCE CURSE ,BANKS ,SOIL DEGRADATION ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,MIGRATION ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,ADMINISTRATION ,PRIVATIZATION ,PROFITS ,SOCIAL CONFLICT ,CREDIT ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,EXPENDITURES ,EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE ,ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ,LEGISLATION ,SOCIOECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION ,AUTHORITARIANISM ,CENTRALIZATION ,LABOR ,EXPECTATIONS ,REGULATORY MECHANISMS ,INTEREST ,RESPONSIBILITY ,CORRUPTION ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,STATE AUTHORITIES ,ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LAWS ,REVENUES ,DISCRIMINATION ,FISCAL FEDERALISM ,LOCAL TAXES ,PIT ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,TRUST FUNDS ,PRESENT VALUE ,DEFORESTATION ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,FISHERIES ,TAX SYSTEM - Abstract
The inability to unlock natural resource wealth for the benefit of developing countries’ local populations, a phenomenon popularly known as the ‘resource curse’ or the ‘paradox of plenty’, has spawned extensive debate among researchers and policy makers in recent years. There is now a well-established body of literature exploring the links between natural resources and conflict, with some sources estimating that over the past 60 years, 40 percent of civil wars have been associated with natural resources. Following this introduction, Section two provides an overview of interstate tensions in West Africa in order to improve understanding of the drivers of fragility that trigger conflict between countries around extractive industry investment. Here, the discussion is grounded in examples in which interstate tensions have been apparent, including the case of the Mano River Union, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, a region with a history of conflict, and where the exploitation of commercial deposits of high-value resources may continue to have a potentially destabilizing effect. Section three focuses on the decentralization of natural resource revenues, a process that proponents believe can help manage grievances and defuse intrastate tension in areas directly affected by resource extraction, but one that is also not without challenges. Drawing upon the case of Ghana’s Mineral Development Fund, the section explores the potential for conflict (and conflict triggers) to arise when the redistribution of extractive industry revenues to subnational regions takes place. In doing so, it becomes apparent that the capture and misuse of revenues from the fund is as much a political issue as it is a policy or technical one. This sets the stage for section four, which focuses in greater detail on extractive industry-related conflict within catchment communities, and how contestation is most often a result of unequal power relationships. Section five, the conclusion, summarizes and reflects upon some of the challenges and struggles over resource management associated with West Africa’s recent resource boom, and draws out some of the cross-cutting themes. Here, suitable entry points for future lines of inquiry and engagement are identified.
- Published
- 2015
11. Chad Public Expenditure Review in the Agricultural, Rural Development, and Food Security Sector
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
BUDGET FRAMEWORK ,TAX EXEMPTIONS ,UNCERTAINTY ,BUDGET ESTIMATES ,OPERATING EXPENDITURES ,BUDGET DATA ,NATIONAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ,ANNUAL BUDGET ,PROGRAM REVIEWS ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,SECTOR MINISTRY ,PUBLIC TREASURY ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,INTERNAL CONTROL ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS ,TRANSPARENCY ,VOLUME OF INVESTMENT ,EXPENDITURE DATA ,BUDGET CYCLE ,BUDGET TRANSFERS ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,ANNUAL BUDGETING ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC DOWNTURN ,INVESTMENT BUDGET ,FISCAL YEAR ,SECTOR POLICY ,EX-POST EVALUATION ,BUDGET ALLOCATION ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,EXPENDITURE FORECASTS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,PUBLIC DEBT ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,SECTORAL POLICY ,PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS ,MACROECONOMIC PROJECTIONS ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE ,BUDGET REVIEW ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,EXTERNAL SHOCKS ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,GOVERNMENT FUNDING ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,GOVERNMENT BORROWING REQUIREMENT ,BUDGETS ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,MEDIUM- TERM EXPENDITURE ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,PERFORMANCE REPORTS ,DECENTRALIZATION ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,FINANCIAL CONTROL ,BUDGET PLANNING ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,BUDGETARY MANAGEMENT ,BREAKDOWN OF EXPENDITURES ,COMPETITION ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,ALLOCATION OF BUDGET RESOURCES ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,QUALITY OF LIFE ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE ,ARTICLE ,COMPOSITION OF EXPENDITURES ,EVALUATION OF PROJECTS ,SECTORAL ALLOCATION ,PUBLIC COMPANIES ,BUDGET PROCESS ,EXPENDITURE ITEM ,OPERATIONAL EXPENDITURES ,ROAD MAINTENANCE ,MEDIUM- TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,BUDGET EXPENDITURE ,COMPOSITION OF PUBLIC SPENDING ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT PROGRAM ,PROGRAM PERFORMANCE ,REVENUES ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,DEFICIT ,CENTRAL SERVICES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,PUBLIC INTERVENTIONS ,TYPES OF EXPENDITURES ,SECTORAL BUDGET ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,PROVISION OF SERVICES ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,SOCIAL WELFARE ,ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS ,INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,BUDGET ,TOTAL CURRENT EXPENDITURES ,BASIC SERVICES ,ALLOCATION ,HEALTH CENTERS ,GOVERNMENT DEBT ,PUBLIC CAPITAL ,TOTAL SPENDING ,PROGRAMS ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,SECTOR MINISTRIES ,BUDGET AUTHORITIES ,NATIONAL ACCOUNTS ,EARLY WARNING SYSTEM ,OUTCOMES ,BENEFICIARIES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE DIAGNOSTIC ,PUBLIC INVESTMENTS ,CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ,PAYMENT DELAYS ,ROAD CONSTRUCTION ,ECONOMIC CYCLE ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN ,BUDGET RESOURCES ,BUDGET DOCUMENTS ,CAPACITY-BUILDING ,CAPITAL INVESTMENT ,BUDGET DISCIPLINE ,EXPENDITURE COMMITMENTS ,NATIONAL BUDGETS ,TOTAL PUBLIC SPENDING ,DATA ANALYSIS ,BUDGET MANAGEMENT ,SANITATION ,STRATEGIC PLANS ,BUDGETARY DATA ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,NATIONAL ECONOMY ,SERVICES ,HEALTH CLINICS ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,PUBLIC ENTITIES ,BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION ,MACROECONOMIC FORECASTS ,BUDGET POLICY ,MINISTERIAL DEPARTMENTS ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,BUDGET PREPARATION PROCESS ,TOTAL EXPENDITURES ,QUANTITATIVE DATA ,BUDGET LAW ,OPERATIONAL COSTS ,SECTORAL POLICIES ,PUBLIC FUNDS ,ACCOUNTING ,BUDGET SUPPORT ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,MASTER PLAN ,OIL RESOURCES ,APPROPRIATIONS ,STATE BUDGET ,SECTORAL BUDGETS ,EXPENDITURE TRACKING ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,BUDGET COMMISSION ,BUDGET COVERS ,TAXES ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURES ,EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,NATIONAL EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,APPROPRIATION ,EXPENDITURES ,GROWTH RATE ,MACROECONOMIC SITUATION ,ANNUAL REVIEWS ,DEBT SERVICING ,PROGRAM BUDGETS ,BUDGET CONSTRAINTS ,COUNTERPART FUNDS ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,STRUCTURAL REFORMS ,DATA COLLECTION ,EXPENDITURE ,MINISTERIAL OFFICES ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT - Abstract
Over the review period covered by this report (2003-2012), the budget allocated to agriculture increased noticeably more than the sector’s contribution to GDP. This reflects a notable effort by the Chad authorities to increase the budget to boost this sector’s development in recent years. In this proactive context, Chad signed its CAADP compact in December 2013 to continue supporting agriculture’s revival. The CAADP is being implemented in Chad even as the terms of the National Rural Sector Investment Program (PNISR, 2014-2020) are being finalized. Within the context of the CAADP, the Government of Chad (GOC) wished to undertake a review of public agriculture expenditures to learn from past budgetary implementation in this sector with a view to improving future program performance. Following a request by the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MoAI), the NEPAD planning and coordination agency gave Chad it’s backing for this review. This process was undertaken by the Program for Strengthening National Comprehensive Agricultural Public Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa, co-financed by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the CAADP Multi-Donor Trust Fund. This program, implemented by the World Bank, aims to improve the impact of the still-limited public resources available to governments in Sub-Saharan Africa to foster agricultural development and reduce poverty in rural areas, where most of the poor in these countries, notably Chad, live. This study follows and builds upon a number of similar studies conducted in recent years on public expenditure management, in particular in Chad the Action Plan for the Modernization of Public Finances (PAMFIP). However, these studies have focused on budget management as a whole, and none to date has looked at the agricultural sector specifically.
- Published
- 2014
12. Republic of Burundi Fiscal Decentralization and Local Governance : Managing Trade-Offs to Promote Sustainable Reforms
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
TAX EXEMPTIONS ,ELECTED OFFICIALS ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SUPPORT ,POLICY OBJECTIVES ,GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES ,UNCERTAINTY ,DECISION-MAKING ,TAXABLE CAPACITY ,ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS ,PRESIDENCY ,INFLATION ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,PROVINCIAL DEPARTMENTS ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,EMPLOYMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL REFORM ,POLICY MAKERS ,POLITICAL CONTROL ,SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ,FISCAL SPACE ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,LACK OF TRANSPARENCY ,REVENUE SHARING ,MUNICIPALITIES ,INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ,FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ,FISCAL EXPENDITURES ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,REFORM AGENDA ,TRANSPARENCY ,REFORM PROCESS ,REVENUE COLLECTION ,DECONCENTRATION ,ETHNIC GROUPS ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,TAX COLLECTOR ,FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS ,MACROECONOMIC CONTEXT ,NATIONAL TERRITORY ,TAX POLICY ,SENATE ,SUBNATIONAL AUTHORITIES ,LIBERATION ,LOCAL TAX ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFER ,DECENTRALIZATION REFORMS ,DECENTRALIZATION STRATEGY ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,EFFICIENCY OF SERVICE DELIVERY ,COMMUNAL DEVELOPMENT ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,CONSENSUS ,POLITICAL DECENTRALIZATION ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,DEVOLUTION ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,EXTERNAL SHOCKS ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ,FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ,CITIZEN PARTICIPATION ,POLITICAL REFORMS ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,CITIZENS ,TAX BASE ,GOVERNOR ,CONSOLIDATION ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,LEASEHOLDS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,FINANCIAL VIABILITY ,VILLAGES ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,FINANCIAL SYSTEM ,LEGAL PROVISIONS ,SUBNATIONAL FINANCE ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,COST OF LIVING ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,BANKS ,COMMUNITY DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS ,EXECUTION ,FIXED COSTS ,TAX REVENUES ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,POLICY FRAMEWORK ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY ,EQUALIZATION ,CENTRAL MINISTRIES ,SUBNATIONAL ,SUBSIDIARY ,NATIONAL PLANNING ,POVERTY ALLEVIATION ,DECENTRALIZATION PROGRAM ,CORRUPTION ,POLITICIANS ,WATER SUPPLY ,LEGISLATIVE PROCESS ,LAWS ,DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS ,STATE RESOURCES ,MINISTRY OF INTERIOR ,LOCAL TAXES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,DECENTRALIZATION REFORM ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,TAX SYSTEM ,PROVINCE ,TAX COMPLIANCE ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,CENTRAL TRANSFERS ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,BASIC SERVICES ,ALLOCATION ,POLICY DOCUMENT ,PROVINCES ,FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,COUNCILS ,MANDATES ,PUBLIC REVENUE ,POLITICAL CRISIS ,DECISION-MAKING PROCESS ,NATIONS ,POLITICAL POWER ,MUNICIPAL LEVEL ,CONSTITUTION ,FISCAL TRANSFERS ,INTERMINISTERIAL COORDINATION ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,FISCAL CONSTRAINTS ,REPRESENTATIVES ,TAX COLLECTION ,PROVINCIAL LEVEL ,REHABILITATION ,DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITIES ,POLITICAL SURVIVAL ,PUBLIC AUTHORITIES ,BUDGETARY PROCESS ,DISTRICT ,DEMOCRACY ,NATIONAL PRIORITY ,NATIONAL ELECTIONS ,TAX REVENUE ,GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,FISCAL FRAMEWORK ,FINANCIAL INCENTIVES ,PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ,CIVIL SERVICE ,VOTING ,HEALTH CLINICS ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONS ,INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS ,BUDGET EXPENDITURES ,GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ,SECTORAL MINISTRIES ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,AUTHORITY ,GOVERNMENT EFFORTS ,CENTRAL SPENDING ,DECREE ,PROPERTY TAXES ,TAXPAYERS ,ACCOUNTING ,FISCAL REVENUE ,COMMUNAL TAX ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,MAYOR ,LOCAL REVENUE ,REVENUE AUTHORITY ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,NATIONAL POLICY ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,CURRENT EXPENDITURES ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR DECENTRALIZATION ,REFERENDUM ,LEGISLATION ,DECENTRALIZATION FRAMEWORK ,LOCAL AUTHORITIES ,COALITIONS ,FINANCIAL AUTONOMY ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,PUBLIC SECTOR SPECIALIST ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,HUMAN RESOURCE ,TAX CODE ,OPERATING COSTS - Abstract
This study is highly selective and organized into four thematic chapters. Specifically, chapter 1 provides a snapshot of Burundi’s political and macroeconomic context, and reviews the evolution of the decentralization process to better understand how institutional, political, and bureaucratic dynamics have shaped the historical trajectory of decentralization and generated the outcomes observed today. Chapter 2 provides a systematic investigation of the status of fiscal decentralization in Burundi, and identifies key policy issues to be considered to ensure the medium-term sustainability of the reform process while at the same time addressing the short-term financial needs of communes. Chapter 3 provides an in-depth diagnostic of a key service delivery responsibility recently devolved to communes—the provision of land registration services—and discusses the challenges and opportunities related to ongoing efforts to scale up access to these land services across 116 rural communes and Bujumbura. Chapter 4 shifts the focus to the nature of statecitizen relations in an effort to better understand how citizen engagement in the decision-making process may be improved and local authorities held accountable for the provision of basic services.
- Published
- 2014
13. Timor-Leste Health Resource Tracking Study
- Author
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Nixon, Hamish and Bredenkamp, Caryn
- Subjects
SECTORAL GOALS ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,INVENTORY ,UNCERTAINTY ,ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ,BUDGET DATA ,OPERATING EXPENDITURES ,BUDGETARY CONTROL ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CAPACITY ,HEALTH CENTERS ,LIQUIDATION ,PROGRAMS ,BOTTLENECKS ,BUDGET ACTIVITIES ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,DEBT REPAYMENT ,ANNUAL BUDGET ,CASH PAYMENTS ,VEHICLE ,DIESEL ,LACK OF TRANSPARENCY ,FUEL SHORTAGES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,BUDGET SYSTEM ,CENTRAL AGENCIES ,BUDGET CONTROL ,RETURNS ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,AGGREGATE GOODS ,BALANCE SHEETS ,CAR ,EXPENDITURE PLAN ,SERVICE PROVIDERS ,BUDGET SYSTEMS ,RESERVES ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURE ,HEALTH PLANNING ,TRANSPARENCY ,NATIONAL BUDGET PROCESS ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,BANK ACCOUNTS ,DECONCENTRATION ,FLAT RATE ,LEPROSY ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,CREDITORS ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ,CASH PLANNING ,WAGES ,PATIENTS ,TRANSFERS OF RESOURCES ,TRAINING OF DRIVERS ,TRANSPORTATION POLICY ,EXPENDITURE CYCLE ,FUEL CONSUMPTION ,BUDGET PERIOD ,BALANCE SHEET ,BUDGET ALLOCATION ,COMMUNITY HEALTH ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,DISBURSEMENT ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,DEBT PAYMENTS ,LEGAL IMPEDIMENT ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,ARREARS ,DEBT ,CLINICS ,HEALTH SECTOR ,BUDGET HOLDERS ,BUDGET REVIEW ,DEBTS ,HEALTH PROMOTION ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,AUTONOMY ,ACCUMULATION OF DEBTS ,DELIVERY OF HEALTH SERVICES ,FLEET MANAGEMENT ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,FUEL ,LOCAL TRAVEL ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRACKING ,BANK ACCOUNT ,KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,CHART OF ACCOUNTS ,CREDIBILITY ,TRANSPORTATION SERVICES ,VEHICLE OPERATION ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,PERFORMANCE CRITERIA ,ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION ,ACCOUNTING ,TRAVEL TIME ,BUDGET ENVELOPE ,APPROPRIATIONS ,IMMUNIZATION ,DECENTRALIZATION ,HEALTH WORKERS ,EXPENDITURE LEVELS ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT CYCLE ,LEGAL PROVISIONS ,RESERVE ,FINANCE MINISTRY ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,HEALTH CARE ,VEHICLES ,EQUIPMENT ,NUTRITION ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,BUDGET COMMISSION ,BUDGETARY INSTITUTIONS ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURES ,TREASURY ,VOUCHER SYSTEM ,NATIONAL POLICY ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,BUDGET ALLOCATION SYSTEMS ,FUELS ,CATEGORIES OF EXPENDITURE ,CASH BASIS ,EXERCISES ,FINANCE STAFF ,PRIVATIZATION ,APPROPRIATION ,EXPENDITURE PLANS ,LEVEL OF DEBTS ,PROCESS OF BUDGET EXECUTION ,LEGISLATION ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,BUDGET REPORTING ,HEALTH FINANCING ,MONETARY FUND ,BUDGET SUBMISSION ,PAYMENT ORDERS ,FISCAL INSTITUTIONS ,SUBSIDIARY ,MANAGEMENT CONTROL ,HOUSING ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ,ACCUMULATION OF DEBT ,VEHICLE FUEL ,BUDGETING ,TRANSPORT ,TRANSPORTATION ,HEALTH SERVICES ,MAINTENANCE BUDGET ,POPULATION DENSITY ,CHECKS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM ,FUEL EXPENDITURES ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,BUDGETING PROCESS ,CASH PAYMENT ,PROGRAM MANAGERS ,PROVISION OF SERVICES ,TRANSACTION - Abstract
The Timor-Leste health resource tracking study was undertaken in order to improve the flow of critical cash and in-kind resources to districts and health centers by identifying, and proposing how to relieve, the most critical impediments in the public financial management (PFM) cycle. The study follows these three inputs backwards through every stage of the PFM cycle in order to unearth the pertinent issues that impede the timely and sufficient delivery of inputs to frontline providers. It required the collection of data from a wide variety of sources and the use of diverse methodological approaches, including semi-structured district- and facility level surveys, one-to-one interviews, transaction analysis, document review, and analysis of the government's financial management information system (FMIS). The study findings are presented in detail, together with the supporting evidence and key related recommendations, in chapter one, operating cash, chapter two, fuel budget, and chapter three, vehicle repairs and maintenance. Chapter four presents a set of cross-cutting findings that affect all areas of the goods and service budget.
- Published
- 2014
14. Kingdom of Bhutan Human Development Public Expenditure Review
- Author
-
Nagpal, Somil and Opper, Susan
- Subjects
PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING ,UNCERTAINTY ,BUDGET ESTIMATES ,ANNUAL RATE ,INFLATIONARY PRESSURES ,ADMINISTRATIVE CLASSIFICATION ,FISCAL PRUDENCE ,AGING ,PUBLIC SECTOR DEBT ,INFLATION ,FISCAL BALANCE ,QUALITY ASSURANCE ,FISCAL DEFICIT ,ELASTICITIES ,BUDGET REPORT ,ANNUAL BUDGET ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,WORKERS ,BUDGET SYSTEM ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,SECTOR MINISTRY ,MENTAL HEALTH ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURE ,INTERNAL CONTROL ,PERFORMANCE AUDIT ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,EDUCATION SPENDING ,HEALTH EXPENDITURE ,SUPREME AUDIT INSTITUTIONS ,REFORM AGENDA ,SECONDARY SCHOOLS ,REFORM PROCESS ,EXPENDITURE DATA ,EXPENDITURE PLANNING ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,PATIENT ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,AGGREGATE FISCAL DISCIPLINE ,EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE ,EFFICIENCY GAINS ,DISCRETIONARY FUNDS ,PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE ,ECONOMIC GROWTH RATES ,BUDGET ALLOCATION ,EDUCATION SERVICES ,MONETARY POLICY ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,LIQUIDITY ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,PRICE INDEX ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,HOSPITALS ,BUDGET REVIEW ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,BUDGET DEPARTMENT ,CASH FLOW ,COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ,PREGNANT WOMEN ,PROGNOSIS ,REGULATORY PROCESS ,PUBLIC AGENCIES ,HEALTH EDUCATION ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,BLOCK GRANTS ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,RESOURCE FLOWS ,IRON ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,DECENTRALIZATION ,CIVIL SERVICE RULES ,FISCAL IMPACT ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,HEALTH CARE ,EDUCATION SYSTEM ,HEALTH SYSTEMS ,MACROECONOMIC FRAMEWORK ,NATIONAL STATISTICS ,NUTRITION ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,CAPITAL ACCOUNT ,DOMESTIC DEMAND ,FOREIGN GRANTS ,CASH BASIS ,ECONOMIC VOLATILITY ,INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,REFORM EFFORTS ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY ,ARTICLE ,BUDGET PROCESS ,FISCAL DEFICIT TARGET ,PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LAWS ,POVERTY INDICATORS ,PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,ANNUAL REPORT ,EFFECTIVENESS OF SERVICE DELIVERY ,INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS ,FISCAL REPORTING ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,FAMILIES ,GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES ,BUDGET FORMULATION ,GOVERNMENT DEBT ,PROGRAMS ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,MEDIUM-TERM PROGRAM ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,SECTOR MINISTRIES ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,SECTOR MANAGERS ,RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS ,FISCAL STRATEGY ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ,NET LENDING ,INFLATION RATE ,PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT DEFICIT ,BUDGET DOCUMENTS ,INTERVENTION ,WALKING ,CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS ,MARGINAL COST ,SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS ,MEDIUM-TERM PERSPECTIVE ,MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS ,HEALTH MINISTRY ,DOMESTIC REVENUE ,DATA ANALYSIS ,HEALTH SPENDING ,FISCAL FRAMEWORK ,PUBLIC EDUCATION ,FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ,PATIENTS ,EXTERNAL DEBT ,AGGREGATE FISCAL ,HEALTH UNITS ,DECISION MAKING ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,MORTALITY ,ROAD NETWORK ,HEALTH CLINICS ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,CLINICS ,CASH BALANCE ,HEALTH SECTOR ,BUDGET POLICY ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTS ,CENTRAL BANK ,DOMESTIC DEBT ,TOTAL EXPENDITURES ,WELFARE PROGRAM ,MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ,ACCOUNTING ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,APPROPRIATIONS ,IMMUNIZATION ,HEALTH INDICATORS ,HEALTH WORKERS ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS ,DISASTERS ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,BUDGET COVERS ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURES ,EXTERNAL GRANTS ,MIGRATION ,SERVICE PROVISION ,DECENTRALIZATION OF SERVICE DELIVERY ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,PRIMARY SCHOOLS ,EXPENDITURES ,GROWTH RATE ,MACROECONOMIC POLICY ,HEALTH FINANCING ,SECTOR BUDGET ,EDUCATION EXPENDITURES ,HEALTH MANAGEMENT ,FISCAL POSITION ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,DEBT SUSTAINABILITY ,HEALTH SERVICES ,ECONOMIC GROWTH RATE ,FINANCIAL STATEMENT ,BUDGET OUTTURN ,NURSES ,FOREIGN RESERVES - Abstract
Bhutan is situated between the Tibetan Plateau in the North and Indian plains in the south. The development philosophy in Bhutan is embedded in the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) that, as a public policy strategy, seeks to address a more meaningful purpose of development that goes beyond the fulfillment of material satisfaction. The concept is grounded in the four pillars of development; socio-economic, environment, culture, and good governance. Bhutan s record on growth and development has made it a top performer in the South Asian region. The average annual growth rate of GDP over 1980-2010 in country was more than 7.6 percent, one of the highest in the South Asian sub-continent (SAS). Bhutan, with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita of about US$2,000, is now classified as a lower-middle income country. However, one of the most notable features about Bhutan s macro economy is its lack of diversification, dependence on and exposure to external developments, and the high levels of year-to-year volatility in its economic growth. Public Expenditure Review (PER) begins with an overview of the macro-economic context (chapter two) and public sector management (chapter three) in Bhutan. This is followed by an analytical summary of achievements to date in the health and education sectors (chapters four and five). The PER concludes (chapter six) with policy options and recommendations which are intended to spur discussion and analysis among policy-makers in Bhutan as they look into different possibilities to increase fiscal space in domestic resources while enhancing the quality of expenditures and improving outcomes in the health and education systems.
- Published
- 2013
15. Burkina Faso : Basic Agricultural Public Expenditure Diagnostic Review (2004-2012)
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
BUDGET FRAMEWORK ,AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ,FISH PRODUCTION ,COWPEA ,MEAT PRODUCTION ,FISHERIES SUBSECTOR ,HARVEST ,NARS ,RURAL DEVELOPMENT ,COMMODITIES ,INFLATION ,AGRICULTURAL LAND ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES ,FLOW OF FUNDS ,ANALYSIS OF TRENDS ,ANNUAL BUDGET ,DONOR SUPPORT ,NATIONAL EXPENDITURE ,DEBT SERVICE ,SOYBEANS ,SERVICE PROVIDERS ,COFFEE ,AVERAGE YIELDS ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURE ,FERTILIZERS ,INTERNAL CONTROL ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,AGRICULTURAL RD ,ANNUAL TARGETS ,FARMERS ,PLANT PROTECTION ,AVERAGE YIELD ,BUDGET PREPARATION CYCLE ,BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC SPENDING ,BUDGET CYCLE ,EXPENDITURE DATA ,INCOMES ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,NGOS ,INVESTMENT BUDGET ,ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ,ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ,QUALITY CONTROL ,SECTOR POLICY ,AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES ,AFDB ,CIDA ,DELIVERY OF SERVICES ,BUDGET ALLOCATION ,WOMEN IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ,AGRICULTURAL POLICIES ,AQUACULTURE ,MID-TERM REVIEW ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,NET IMPORTER ,COST CENTERS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,FAO ,AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENTS ,NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEM ,CASSAVA ,COST RECOVERY ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,HUNGER ,NATIONAL PRIORITIES ,DATA REQUIREMENTS ,RURAL POPULATION ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,INVESTMENT PLAN ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,WOOD ,YAMS ,ARABLE LAND ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY ,PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP ,VETERINARY SERVICES ,ACTUAL YIELDS ,PEST CONTROL ,BUDGETARY ALLOCATION ,ALLOCATION OF FUNDS ,SORGHUM ,DECENTRALIZATION ,EXPENDITURE LEVELS ,EQUIPMENT ,DEBT RELIEF ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,DONOR FUNDS ,BUDGET PLANNING ,FARMING ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,HYBRIDIZATION ,SECTOR EXPENDITURE ,UNION ,WHEAT ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES ,INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE ,NET SURPLUS ,RICE ,AGRICULTURAL GROWTH ,EXPENDITURE BUDGET ,CROPS ,CEREALS ,HOUSING ,BUDGETARY RESOURCES ,VALUE OF EXPORTS ,AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ,RICE VARIETIES ,CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY ,TUBERS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,SECTOR POLICIES ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING ,MAIZE ,DRAINAGE ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,SWEET POTATOES ,INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ,LIVELIHOODS ,INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES ,PINEAPPLE ,TILLERS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,PROGRAMS ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,SECTOR MINISTRIES ,ROOTS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,BENEFICIARIES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE DIAGNOSTIC ,FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ,SECTOR BUDGETS ,INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY ,LEGUMES ,PERSONNEL EMOLUMENTS ,DISEASES ,ADAPTIVE RESEARCH ,COTTON ,POLICY DECISIONS ,SEEDS ,AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS ,INTEGRATION ,FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ,NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ,NATIONAL BUDGETS ,AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS ,DATA ANALYSIS ,FARMS ,FISH ,MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES ,SECTORAL PRIORITIES ,IMPACT ASSESSMENTS ,FOOD SAFETY ,CIVIL SERVICE ,LANDS ,MODERNIZATION STRATEGY ,CROP ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,MILLET ,BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION ,SOCIAL SECURITY ,AGRICULTURAL POLICY ,FARM PRACTICES ,MARKETING ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,AGRICULTURE ,CONSENSUS BUILDING ,AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ,BEAN ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRACKING ,PRIORITY SETTING ,FEED ,FOREIGN EXCHANGE ,IRRIGATION ,ACCOUNTING ,MEAT ,FOOD SECURITY ,FARMER ,EXPENDITURE TRACKING SURVEYS ,YAM ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,UNITED NATIONS ,AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,AGRIBUSINESS ,BEANS ,RURAL ROADS ,POVERTY INCIDENCE ,EXPENDITURES ,GROWTH RATE ,FORESTRY SUBSECTOR ,SECTOR BUDGET ,UNIVERSITIES ,FORESTRY ,AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK ,PESTS ,CIVIL SERVICE LAW ,LIVESTOCK ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,IFPRI ,DEFORESTATION ,ANIMAL PRODUCTION ,DATA COLLECTION ,FISHERIES ,IFAD - Abstract
The rural sector, defined here as the economic sector that falls under the scope of the Ministry of Agriculture and Water (MAH), the Ministry of Animal Resources (MRA), and the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), is one of the pillars of the Burkina Faso economy. Although its contribution to GDP has decreased in recent times from 35 percent in 1999 to 30 percent in 2011 due to the development of the other sectors of the economy, agricultural activity still employs approximately 86 percent of Burkina Faso s labor force and is the main source of income for poorer populations. Consequently, the rural sector is among the primary beneficiaries of public expenditures by the Burkina Faso government and constitutes one of the pillars of the Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Sustainable Development (SCADD) adopted in 2010. The goals of this agriculture public expenditure review in Burkina Faso are as follows: draw lessons from the past in terms of budget execution in the agricultural sector in order to promote the design and implementation of public expenditure programs that are more efficient and more equitable and have a greater impact; initiate the implementation of the databases and methodology required to conduct similar reviews regularly and thus contribute to the institutionalization of the process; and contribute to establishing the conditions for increased support for the sector while encouraging the harmonization and alignment of support with respect for national strategies.
- Published
- 2013
16. Tanzania Economic Update, October 2012 : Spreading the Wings
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
BUDGET FRAMEWORK ,TAX EXEMPTIONS ,TOTAL DEBT ,UNCERTAINTY ,VALUE ADDED ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,FISCAL PRUDENCE ,INFLATION ,NATURAL CATASTROPHES ,FISCAL BALANCE ,FISCAL DEFICIT ,BROAD MONEY ,FISCAL TRANSPARENCY ,TRADE SECTORS ,EXPORT GROWTH ,PUBLIC BORROWING ,GOVERNMENT BORROWING ,FISCAL CRISIS ,MACROECONOMIC RISKS ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,RETURNS ,DEBT SERVICE ,CONSUMER PRICE INDEX ,PER CAPITA INCOME ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURE ,MORAL HAZARD ,OPERATIONAL DEFICIT ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,WHOLESALE PRICES ,TRANSPARENCY ,REAL EXCHANGE RATE ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,EMERGING ECONOMIES ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,BORROWING COSTS ,FINANCIAL VARIABLES ,GLOBAL ECONOMY ,PURCHASING POWER ,SOCIAL EQUITY ,PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE ,INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES ,POVERTY LEVEL ,PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ,FISCAL ADJUSTMENT ,MONETARY POLICY ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,FOREIGN BANKS ,ECONOMIC COOPERATION ,INTEREST RATES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,PRIVATE CAPITAL ,PUBLIC DEBT ,ARREARS ,CONTINGENT LIABILITIES ,COST RECOVERY ,INTEREST PAYMENTS ,PUBLIC AGENCIES ,FISCAL ADJUSTMENTS ,LEVEL OF PUBLIC SPENDING ,PUBLIC MONEY ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,EXTERNAL SHOCKS ,INVESTMENT PROJECTS ,GDP ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,CONSUMPTION GOODS ,TRADE BALANCE ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,TAX BASE ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,FOREIGN MARKETS ,NATIONAL_ACCOUNTS ,DOMESTIC BORROWING ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,STRUCTURAL DEFICIT ,CAPITAL STOCK ,LOCAL FINANCIAL MARKET ,FISCAL POLICY ,EXCHANGE RATE ,EQUIPMENT ,TELECOMMUNICATIONS ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,PRICE FLUCTUATIONS ,FISCAL PERFORMANCE ,INFLATION RATES ,FOREIGN INVESTMENTS ,COMMODITY PRICES ,TAX REVENUES ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,GLOBAL MARKETS ,FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY ,FISCAL RISKS ,PRIVATE MARKETS ,LEGAL FRAMEWORKS ,DEVELOPMENT BANK ,CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICITS ,CAPITAL STOCKS ,POVERTY ALLEVIATION ,VALUE OF EXPORTS ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT PROGRAM ,LOCAL ECONOMY ,INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,INVESTMENT SPENDING ,LOCAL CURRENCY ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,EXPORT PERFORMANCE ,INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS ,EXTERNAL BALANCE ,BANK POLICY ,ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ,TAX RATES ,TAX ,FOREIGN INVESTORS ,ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,GOLDEN RULE ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,ALLOCATION ,PROGRAMS ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,FISCAL RISK ,BANKING SECTORS ,AUDITOR GENERAL ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,DOMESTIC MARKET ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,MINISTRY OF DEFENSE ,SAFETY NETS ,INSTRUMENT ,INFLATION RATE ,POLITICAL STABILITY ,EXOGENOUS SHOCKS ,RESERVES ,NET BORROWING ,ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS ,TAX COLLECTION ,MARGINAL COST ,ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ,MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS ,FISCAL ACCOUNTS ,PUBLIC ENTERPRISE ,FINANCIAL DISTRESS ,INTERNATIONAL MARKETS ,MOBILE PHONES ,FISCAL FRAMEWORK ,WAGES ,EXTERNAL DEBT ,TOTAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,SAFETY NET ,DOMESTIC INVESTMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,REAL INTEREST ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,ECONOMIC EXPANSION ,TOTAL PUBLIC SECTOR ,HEALTH SECTOR ,COMMODITY PRICE ,MACROECONOMIC VOLATILITY ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTS ,CENTRAL BANK ,MONETARY POLICIES ,AGRICULTURE ,DIVIDENDS ,TOTAL EXPENDITURES ,FISCAL DISCIPLINE ,POSITIVE IMPACTS ,MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ,ACCOUNTING ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,LOCAL MARKETS ,LEVEL OF DEBT ,REAL INTEREST RATES ,DEBT STOCK ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,OIL PRICES ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,PUBLIC DEBT STOCK ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,FINANCIAL SHOCKS ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURES ,SAVINGS RATE ,INVESTMENT STRATEGY ,VALUE OF IMPORTS ,DEBT SERVICE PAYMENTS ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,DEBT SERVICE PAYMENT ,DEBT MANAGEMENT ,GROWTH RATE ,STRATEGIC CHOICES ,MONETARY FUND ,FISCAL POLICIES ,PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS ,CASH FLOWS ,FISCAL POSITION ,CAPITAL INFLOWS ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,DEBT SUSTAINABILITY ,ECONOMIC GROWTH RATE ,CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT - Abstract
Tanzania continues to stand out as a model of sound economic performance in the African continent, with a growth rate of over six per cent in 2011 and 2012, surpassing other regional economies and demonstrating impressive resilience to the global economic crisis. This is the second issue of the Tanzania economic update series. The series aim to engage a broad audience in a discussion of the state of the economy in general, as well as in specific debates of topical importance in Tanzania. The current issue seeks to get the discussion going on how to achieve the structural transformation of the rural economy so that rural households can also benefit from the country's remarkable growth performance.
- Published
- 2012
17. Southeast Sulawesi Public Expenditure Analysis 2012 : Public Service Delivery Performance and Development Challenges in Bumi Haluoleo
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
CITIES ,HEALTH INSURANCE ,FISCAL BALANCE ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN ,SCHOOL AGE ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,EXTERNAL AUDIT ,REVENUE SHARING ,MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS ,COUNSELORS ,MOTHER ,OPERATIONAL EXPENDITURE ,FISCAL DATA ,FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM ,INTERNAL CONTROL ,EDUCATION SPENDING ,HEALTH EXPENDITURE ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,POPULATION MIGRATION ,DEVELOPMENT OF POLICIES ,EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,NUMBER OF WORKERS ,LAND PRODUCTIVITY ,BUDGET SURPLUSES ,HEALTH FACILITIES ,ELDERLY ,DRINKING WATER ,HIGH RATE OF POPULATION GROWTH ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,GRANT FUNDS ,GOVERNMENT OFFICES ,CASH MANAGEMENT ,HOSPITALS ,MATERNAL MORTALITY ,SCHOOL YEAR ,PROGRAM EXPENDITURE ,HOSPITAL BEDS ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,SOCIAL AWARENESS ,INFRASTRUCTURE EXPENDITURE ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,BLOCK GRANTS ,INSTITUTIONALIZATION ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,GOVERNOR ,DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR ,IRON ,DIRECT EXPENDITURE ,VILLAGES ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,TEACHER RATIO ,SUBNATIONAL FINANCE ,HEALTH CARE ,REAL GROWTH ,PROVINCIAL RATE ,NATIONAL STATISTICS ,BUDGET PLANNING ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE ,SECTOR EXPENDITURE ,DEPENDENCY RATIO ,FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,LEGAL STATUS ,ILLNESSES ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,ARTICLE ,ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION ,FISCAL CAPACITY ,PROVINCIAL AVERAGE ,SUBNATIONAL ,WORKFORCE ,SEX RATIO ,GENDER EQUALITY ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,BUDGETARY RESOURCES ,POVERTY ALLEVIATION ,SUBNATIONAL EXPENDITURE ,SCHOOL LEVELS ,MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURE ,TRANSPORTATION ,INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ,POPULATION DENSITY ,URBAN MIGRATION ,COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE ,GENDER ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,TAX EVASION ,MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE ,PROVINCE ,REVENUE PERFORMANCE ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,PROGRAM MANAGEMENT ,TAX ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,CHILD HEALTH ,MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,ALLOCATION ,HEALTH CENTERS ,TOTAL SPENDING ,PROGRAMS ,PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,POPULATION GROWTH ,HEALTH PROGRAMS ,BENEFICIARIES ,PUBLIC AWARENESS ,EXPENDITURE GROWTH ,PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL ,OUTCOME INDICATORS ,SECTOR BUDGETS ,MUNICIPAL LEVEL ,SEX DISTRIBUTION ,DISEASES ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,HEALTH CARE SERVICES ,PROVINCIAL LEVEL ,BANK OFFICE ,FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE ,DEPUTY GOVERNOR ,PROVINCIAL EXPENDITURE ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,DISTRICT ,EDUCATIONAL SERVICES ,HEALTH SPENDING ,LIVE BIRTHS ,MALARIA ,NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS ,SANITATION ,RURAL AREAS ,PROGRESS ,COMMUNITY HEALTH ,NATURAL RESOURCE ,MORTALITY ,NATIONAL ECONOMY ,REAL GROWTH RATE ,DEBT ,TECHNICAL TRAINING ,PROVINCIAL EDUCATION ,HEALTH SECTOR ,BUDGET POLICY ,PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT ,INFANT ,EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,MARKETING ,PROVINCIAL ROADS ,REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,INFANT MORTALITY ,MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS ,COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ,NEONATAL HEALTH ,MIDWIVES ,ACCOUNTING ,EXPENDITURE NEEDS ,PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,MASTER PLAN ,STATE BUDGET ,VILLAGE ,FAMILY PLANNING ,HEALTH WORKERS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE ,CITIZEN ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,SEX ,REVENUE PER CAPITA ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,EDUCATION PROGRAM ,INFANT MORTALITY RATE ,MIGRATION ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,GROWTH RATE ,MORBIDITY ,CASH CROP ,REGIONAL ACTION ,POPULATION GROWTH RATE ,MUNICIPALITY ,GENDER MAINSTREAMING ,ALLOCATION OF CAPITAL ,LABOR FORCE ,HEALTH SERVICES ,PUBLIC WORKS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH RATE ,GRANT PROGRAM ,NUMBER OF PEOPLE ,URBAN AREAS ,ILLITERACY ,POVERTY RATE ,DATA COLLECTION - Abstract
Southeast Sulawesi is one of Indonesia's developing provinces and over the past five years has achieved one of the country's highest growth rates. In 2010, Southeast Sulawesi's economy grew at 8.2percent the third fastest in Indonesia. The poverty rate has declined significantly in the past 10 years and the unemployment rate is one the lowest in Indonesia. Per capita expenditure in Southeast Sulawesi has increased nine-fold compared to pre decentralization rates Southeast Sulawesi's consolidated per capita expenditure now falls in the top 10 in Indonesia. However, Southeast Sulawesi is still facing a range of challenges. The Human Development Index (HDI) has continued to lag at 25th in Indonesia over the past five years. Although regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has grown rapidly, in real per capita terms it is still far below the national provincial average. Southeast Sulawesi' poverty rate also remains above the national average. It will be important for the high and growing rate of per capita expenditure to be matched with improvements in public financial management capacity within the local government. In the context of overcoming these challenges and capitalizing on expanding opportunities, the local governments in Southeast Sulawesi and in particular the provincial government need to work harder to make the most of its budgetary resources. The development agenda and programs must be sharpened and budget allocations must be optimized to achieve development targets, especially in the strategic sectors of education, health, infrastructure and agriculture. This report contains findings and recommendations intended to support sub national governments in Southeast Sulawesi province to enhance their public financial management performance; improve the quality of evidence based planning and budgeting; and accelerate the achievement of existing development targets.
- Published
- 2012
18. Sierra Leone : Strengthening Entry-Level Leadership Development in the Civil Service
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ,GENDER RELATIONS ,LOCAL UNIVERSITIES ,EDUCATION SECTOR ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,PROGRAM MANAGEMENT ,SOCIAL WELFARE ,BRAIN DRAIN ,DECISION-MAKING ,TECHNICAL EXPERTS ,DESCRIPTION ,SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS ,TRAINING PROGRAMS ,CIVIL SERVICE AGENCY ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,PUBLIC SERVICE MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,PROFESSIONAL WORKING ,DIASPORA ,WORKERS ,ASSESSMENT PROCESS ,TRAININGS ,FEMALE ,INTEGRITY ,DONOR ASSISTANCE ,PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ,KNOWLEDGE GAP ,UNIVERSITY GRADUATES ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,INTERVENTION ,STAFF DEVELOPMENT ,REFORM AGENDA ,TRANSPARENCY ,CAPACITY-BUILDING ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,TEACHERS ,CORRUPT ,CAREER DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNANCE REFORMS ,FINANCIAL BURDEN ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,CAREERS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,MEDIA ,REFORM STRATEGY ,LEGAL CHANGES ,SETTLEMENTS ,INTENSIVE TRAINING ,MASTERS DEGREES ,QUALITY CONTROL ,CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM ,ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ,CIVIL SERVICE ,DECISION-MAKING AUTHORITY ,DISTANCE LEARNING ,CAPACITY BUILDING INITIATIVES ,PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS ,RECRUITMENT PRACTICES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,REFORM PROGRAM ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,PROFESSIONAL GROWTH ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,MINISTER ,PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM ,CONTINUING EDUCATION ,LITERATURE ,MARKETABLE SKILLS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,RENTS ,CIVIL SERVICE REFORM ,MINISTERS ,ECONOMIC PROGRESS ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,PRIVATE FIRMS ,SPORTS ,NEPOTISM ,ADVANCED SKILLS ,BASIC KNOWLEDGE ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY ,POLITICAL APPOINTEES ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,PROGRAM STRUCTURE ,ACCOUNTING ,CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS ,MEDIUM-TERM DEVELOPMENT ,PROGRAM MANAGER ,GROWTH POTENTIAL ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,ARCHITECTURE ,CAREER ,PEDAGOGICAL METHODS ,SOCIAL SERVICE ,CONFLICT OF INTEREST ,PAPERS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE ,PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS ,DECENTRALIZATION ,HEALTH WORKERS ,POLICE ,PROGRAM OVERSIGHT ,CIVIL SERVICE RULES ,FISCAL IMPACT ,JUSTICE ,PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT ,YOUTH ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,PUBLIC SERVICE ETHIC ,PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT ,CRIMINAL ,INITIATIVE ,ADJUDICATOR ,AGENCY COORDINATION ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,CIVIL SERVANT ,ECONOMIC POLICY ,MEMBER COUNTRIES ,ETHIC ,LEARNING ,SERVICE EMPLOYMENT ,REFORM EFFORTS ,CIVIL SERVICE REFORMS ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC INTEREST ,ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS ,ANTI-CORRUPTION ,OPEN-MINDEDNESS ,MEDIUM-TERM DEVELOPMENT PLANS ,PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ,PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,CIVIL SERVICE PAY ,GENDER EQUALITY ,OVERCROWDING ,COLLEGE GRADUATES ,CORRUPTION ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,FOREIGN LANGUAGES ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,LAWS ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,HEALTH SERVICES ,COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,LEADERSHIP ,GENDER ,PUBLIC SECTOR SPECIALIST ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT ,TECHNICAL SKILLS ,ETHICS ,TRAINING QUALITY ,INTERNAL AUDITORS - Abstract
This report is the final product of a project financed by a grant from the World Bank's Youth Innovation Fund developed in conjunction with representatives of the Government of Sierra Leone (GoSL) spanning the period December 2011-June 2012. The report is an advisory document to assist the GoSL in advancement of its Public Sector Reform Program, particularly the initiative improving productivity through management and pay reforms. It provides the Public Service Commission (PSC) and Human Resource Management Office (HRMO) with options for the design and implementation of an entry-level leadership development program (ELDP) for the civil service, currently slated for implementation in 2014 as per government timelines. This program is herein referred to as the Sierra Leone Public Service Fellowship (SLPSF). The purpose of this document is address the identified organizational gap by offering technical guidance on the creation of a civil service fellowship that cultivates promising young professionals as future leaders. The proposed program targets university students in their final year of study and entices them to apply for graduate entry-level positions through a dedicated outreach effort and series of incentives. It selects candidates through a rigorous multi-stage assessment and matches successful candidate's interests with the needs of the Ministry, Department, or Agency (MDAs). It trains selected fellows in core civil service knowledge as well as a range of generalist functions and technical skills. It also offers fellows the opportunity to rotate in three different MDAs throughout the two-year period to develop a whole of government perspective. Throughout this initiative, the program offers fellows access to senior Government leaders and opportunities to grow professionally building a strong foundation for a successful career as a civil servant. Additionally, the program is bolstered by a number of public relations opportunities to raise its profile and showcase its achievements to Sierra Leoneans within and outside of Government.
- Published
- 2012
19. Lesotho Public Investment Management Efficiency Review
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
BUDGET FRAMEWORK ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,SOCIAL WELFARE ,CAPITAL BUDGETING ,UNCERTAINTY ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,BUDGET DATA ,DECISION-MAKING ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES ,EFFICIENT ALLOCATION ,PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT ,HEALTH CENTERS ,PROGRAMS ,FINANCING ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,AUDITOR GENERAL ,DOMESTIC MARKET ,SECTOR MINISTRIES ,PROCUREMENT PROCESS ,CAPITAL SPENDING ,NATIONAL ACCOUNTS ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,BENEFICIARIES ,OUTCOMES ,RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS ,INSTITUTIONAL WEAKNESSES ,DECISION-MAKING PROCESS ,FISCAL STRATEGY ,GOVERNMENT POLICY ,OVERSIGHT ,PUBLIC INVESTMENTS ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ,FISCAL CRISIS ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,INCENTIVES ,FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ,MACROECONOMIC MODEL ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,BUDGETARY INFORMATION ,COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS ,ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,REFORM AGENDA ,TRANSPARENCY ,CAPACITY-BUILDING ,CAPITAL BUDGET ,REFORM PROCESS ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,CAPITAL INVESTMENT ,DEMOCRACY ,EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC SPENDING ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,BUDGET CREDIBILITY ,PUBLIC EDUCATION ,FISCAL YEAR ,MUNICIPAL COUNCILS ,NATIONAL INCOME ,PERFORMANCE BUDGETING APPROACH ,OVERSIGHT BODIES ,MISAPPROPRIATION ,EX-POST EVALUATION ,PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ,BUDGET ALLOCATION ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PUBLIC AUTHORITY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,FISCAL ADJUSTMENT ,MINISTERIAL EXPENDITURE ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,NATIONAL ECONOMY ,SALES TAX ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,REFORM PROGRAM ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,FISCAL ,HEALTH SECTOR ,GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTS ,FINANCIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM ,QUALITY MANAGEMENT ,NATIONAL PRIORITIES ,CIVIL SERVICE REFORM ,FINANCIAL INFORMATION ,GOVERNMENT EFFORTS ,LEVEL OF PUBLIC SPENDING ,QUANTITATIVE DATA ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,EXTERNAL SHOCKS ,EFFICIENT ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ,FINANCIAL YEARS ,NATIONAL ASSETS ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE ,CITIZENS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION ,ACCOUNTING ,BUDGETS ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,CAPITAL PROJECTS ,COST EFFECTIVENESS ,FISCAL YEARS ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,ALLOCATION OF FUNDS ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,FINANCIAL POSITION ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,HEALTH WORKERS ,NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES ,FOREIGN LOANS ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,EXCHANGE RATE ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,CAPITAL GRANTS ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,TAXES ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURES ,PERFORMANCE BUDGETING ,BUDGET INFORMATION ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,SERVICE PROVISION ,DECENTRALIZATION OF SERVICE DELIVERY ,FOREIGN GRANTS ,ECONOMIC POLICY ,COMPETITION ,CREDIT FACILITY ,EXECUTION ,DEBT MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,LEGISLATION ,REFORM EFFORTS ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY ,PUBLIC SECTOR PROCUREMENT ,FOREIGN INVESTMENT ,SECTORAL ALLOCATION ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,CORRUPTION ,POLITICIANS ,FISCAL CONSOLIDATION ,PUBLIC EMPLOYEES ,STRATEGIC PRIORITIES ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS ,DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT ,INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ,REVENUES ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,HEALTH SERVICES ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,PUBLIC WORKS ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ,DEFICIT ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY ,STRUCTURAL REFORMS ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,POVERTY REDUCTION SUPPORT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,ANNUAL REPORT ,PUBLIC SECTOR EFFICIENCY ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM ,PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS ,PUBLIC SECTOR SPECIALIST ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,BUDGETING PROCESS ,PROVISION OF SERVICES ,HUMAN RESOURCE - Abstract
Lesotho is a small landlocked country with a homogenous population of 2.1 million. Lesotho's gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was 1,023 dollars and gross national income (GNI) per capita was 1,080 dollars in 2010. The country also faces numerous challenges to its social and human development. In this context, more attention on the role and quality of public investment is warranted. To improve public accountability and transparency, the Government of Lesotho (GoL) introduced the automated integrated financial management information system (IFMIS) in April 2009. The study directly responds to an explicit request of technical assistance from the ministry of finance and development planning (MoFDP) and aims at supporting the GoL in its major reform efforts to enhance the efficiency of public investment management (PIM) and increase the "value for money" in capital spending. The overarching objective of this study is to support the GoL in its efforts to prioritize public resource allocation and enhance efficiency in capital spending, with the ultimate goal of contributing to improved governance, service delivery, and economic growth. The work is aligned with the World Bank country assistance strategy (CAS) 2010 to 2014, in particular its first pillar on fiscal adjustment and public sector efficiency. This report emphasizes the complementary aspects of the institutions, incentives, capacity, and process-related constraints to the functioning of PIM. The focus of this report will also complement ongoing public financial management (PFM) support by other development partners. The report is presented in four chapters, which are organized as follows: chapter one offers a macro-level country analysis; chapter two presents recent trends in public investments; chapter three focuses on institution mapping and the diagnostic assessment of the PIM system; and chapter four concludes with policy implications.
- Published
- 2012
20. Fiscal Policy in Colombia : Tapping Its Potential for a More Equitable Society
- Author
-
Moller, Lars Christian
- Subjects
BANK POLICY ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,TAX EXEMPTIONS ,PUBLIC CREDIT ,GROWTH RATES ,TAX ,POLICY OBJECTIVES ,INCOME TAX REFORM ,INVENTORY ,MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY ,TAX SIDE ,POLICY INSTRUMENT ,VALUE ADDED ,HOUSEHOLD INCOMES ,COMMODITIES ,TAX CONTRIBUTIONS ,POLICY REFORM ,FISCAL SAVINGS ,INFLATION ,FISCAL BALANCE ,TAX EXEMPTION ,EMERGING MARKET ,FISCAL DEFICIT ,OPTIMAL TAXATION ,TAX PAYERS ,GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION ,POLICY MAKERS ,TAXATION POLICY ,FISCAL SPACE ,PUBLIC OUTLAYS ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,BENEFICIARIES ,ESTIMATED TAX ,DISPOSABLE INCOME ,PERSONAL INCOME ,FOOD PRICES ,RETURNS ,TAX TREATMENT ,PENSION ,SECTORAL COMPOSITION ,TAX REFORMS ,SAVINGS ACCOUNTS ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,GINI COEFFICIENT ,REVENUE SOURCE ,POLICY REFORMS ,PROGRESSIVE TAXATION ,DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME ,MORTGAGE ,PENSIONS ,LIVING STANDARDS ,WEALTH TAXES ,FISCAL NEUTRALITY ,FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ,EFFICIENCY IMPACT ,TOTAL EMPLOYMENT ,HOLDING ,PAYROLL TAXES ,TAX REFORM ,TAX REVENUE ,TAX POLICY ,GLOBAL STANDARDS ,PURCHASING POWER ,TAX EXPENDITURES ,VALUE ADDED TAX ,LABOR MARKET ,MARKET TRANSACTIONS ,REVENUE GAINS ,INDIRECT TAXATION ,LEGAL CONSTRAINTS ,NATURAL RESOURCE ,INCOME INEQUALITY ,INDIRECT SUBSIDY ,FINANCIAL TRANSACTION ,DEBT ,INCOME LEVELS ,INTEREST PAYMENTS ,PENSION REFORM ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,PROTECTIONISM ,COEFFICIENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,WEALTH ,TAX RATE ,AGRICULTURE ,INCOME GROUP ,CONSUMERS ,TAX SYSTEMS ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,REMOTE AREAS ,SAVINGS ACCOUNT ,FISCAL DISCIPLINE ,GDP ,TAX INCENTIVES ,NET REVENUE ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,TAX BASE ,ACCOUNTING ,TAXATION ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,COST EFFECTIVENESS ,BENEFIT INCIDENCE ,TAX PAYMENTS ,DERIVATIVES ,INCOME TAX EXEMPTION ,WEALTH TAX ,REDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT ,REVENUE MOBILIZATION ,NUMERICAL VALUE ,FISCAL IMPACT ,FISCAL POLICY ,REGRESSIVE TAX ,IMPLICIT SUBSIDY ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,PERSONAL INCOME TAXES ,TAX BREAKS ,PUBLIC PENSION ,INSURANCE ,TAXABLE INCOME ,SUBNATIONAL ENTITIES ,CONSTITUTIONAL COURT ,POLICY ALTERNATIVES ,TAX BURDEN ,PAYROLL TAX ,TREASURY ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES ,PERSONAL INCOME TAX ,HOUSEHOLD INCOME ,VALUE ADDED TAXES ,POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS ,PUBLIC POLICY ,TAX AUTHORITY ,TAX REVENUES ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,REDISTRIBUTION ,PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS ,FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY ,MONETARY FUND ,SPECIAL SAVINGS ,EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES ,SUBNATIONAL ,REAL ESTATE ,REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES ,DERIVATIVE ,POWER PARITY ,NET BENEFITS ,INCOME SUBSIDY ,PROGRESSIVE TAX ,INTEREST INCOME ,REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS ,LEVY ,PENSION SYSTEM ,CASH TRANSFER ,TAX EXPENDITURE ,MORTGAGE INTEREST ,CASH TRANSFERS ,REPLACEMENT RATES ,TAX SYSTEM ,TRANSACTION - Abstract
Colombia has the seventh highest Gini coefficient of income inequality in the world. The Santos Administration is aware of this challenge and has taken important steps to reduce disparities. The Government is also aspiring to join the OECD, which exhibits much lower income disparities, mainly as a result of effective policies of fiscal redistribution. In Colombia, meanwhile, direct taxes, indirect taxes, and monetary transfers hardly dent the high Gini coefficient. To reduce income inequality, Colombian policy makers could consider introducing a more progressive tax-transfer system. This paper ranks alternative inequality-reducing fiscal policy options based on their effectiveness. It argues that there are potentially important redistributive potential gains available from tax reforms if combined with good spending decisions. It presents an illustrative reform package that would be sufficient for Colombia to reach levels of inequality similar to Chile or Costa Rica in a fiscally neutral manner. Nonetheless, further analysis is needed to explore all available policy options and identify those that are best suited for Colombia.
- Published
- 2012
21. Azerbaijan : World Bank Country-Level Engagement on Governance and Anticorruption
- Author
-
Wescott, Clay, Desai, Raj, and Talvitie, Antti
- Subjects
HIGHWAY PROJECT ,FISCAL REFORMS ,INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ,DECISION-MAKING ,RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION ,ROAD ,PRESIDENCY ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,ANTICORRUPTION STRATEGY ,PRESIDENTS ,INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ,BRIBE ,MUNICIPALITIES ,PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ,FRAUD ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,DONOR RESOURCES ,REORGANIZATION ,ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,STATE PROCUREMENT ,PENSIONS ,GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES ,LAWYER ,BASIC SERVICE ,ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,PATRONAGE ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ,ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,FISCAL PRESSURE ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,NEW MARKET ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES ,DISTRICTS ,INFORMATION SYSTEM ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,TAX COLLECTIONS ,ECONOMIC COOPERATION ,JUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING ,MINISTER ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,DISCRETION ,WEALTH ,LOCAL ROADS ,TAX RATE ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ,EMPOWERMENT ,INVESTMENT PLAN ,STATE ENTERPRISES ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,ECONOMIC INITIATIVES ,AUDITS ,ZERO TOLERANCE ,TRAFFIC VOLUMES ,DISCRETIONARY POWERS ,LEGAL SYSTEM ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,INCOME TAX ,BUSINESS ENABLING ENVIRONMENT ,JUDICIARY ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,POLICE ,CABINET OF MINISTERS ,JUSTICE ,EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,DONOR FUNDS ,DIVERSIFICATION ,START-UPS ,CRIMINAL ,INITIATIVE ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ,UNION ,PRIVATIZATION ,LOAN ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,AUTOMATIC TELLER ,FIDUCIARY STANDARDS ,ENROLLMENT ,PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY ,BUDGETARY RESOURCES ,INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS ,ANTICORRUPTION ,LENDING PORTFOLIO ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,SOCIAL INSURANCE ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,MONEY LAUNDERING ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,LEADERSHIP ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,STATE INSTITUTIONS ,FAMILIES ,OPERATIONAL RISK ,BUSINESS ENABLING ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT TRAINING ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,BEST PRACTICE ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,BANK LENDING ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,GOVERNMENT DECISION ,TERRORISM ,VEHICLE ,STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES ,NATIONS ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT ,TRADE FACILITATION ,CRIME ,POLITICAL LEADERS ,ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING ,BALANCE SHEETS ,INTEGRITY ,RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ,TECHNICAL SUPPORT ,AUDITING ,ASSETS ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,SOCIAL SECTOR ,ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS ,PROCUREMENT ,PROCUREMENT LAW ,REPRESENTATIVES ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,SANCTIONS ,CONSTITUENCIES ,LAW ENFORCEMENT ,REGULATORY REGIMES ,BORROWER ,DEMOCRACY ,MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,ENACTMENT ,MEDIA ,GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,CREDITS ,DECENTRALIZATION OBJECTIVES ,INEQUALITY ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,ACCESS TO FINANCE ,INVESTIGATION ,DISCLOSURE ,FINANCIAL INFORMATION ,AUTHORITY ,GOVERNMENT EFFORTS ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,TRANSIT ,FUEL ,SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,ACCESS TO MARKETS ,ACCOUNTING ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ,HIGHWAY ,REVENUE MOBILIZATION ,COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,INSURANCE ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,BUREAUCRACY ,PUBLIC POLICY ,TRAFFIC ,LEGISLATION ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,HOLDING COMPANIES ,GLOBAL INITIATIVES ,ANTICORRUPTION ISSUES ,SAVINGS ,TAX SHARING ,ADB ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,REFUGEES ,ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK ,ETHICS ,EXPENDITURE ,HUMAN RESOURCE ,TAX CODE ,ADVISORY SERVICES ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT - Abstract
Azerbaijan is a secular, majority-Shiite, oil and gas-rich country whose per-capita income quadrupled in real terms during the period 2004-10. While rising incomes have reduced poverty, steps towards a more secure, diversified economy are held back by a public sector that rests on vested interests, patronage-based incentive structures, and ingrained patterns of behavior that include significant rent extraction, particularly from the non-oil economy, with minimal checks and balances from Parliament, the private sector, and civil society. Bank engagement in Azerbaijan at the country level focused on areas which had government support. Some modest results have been achieved, even though in many cases modern laws and practices were adopted without adequate plans for implementation. At the project level, the Bank has supported the strengthening of project implementation units (PIUs) and tools for monitoring, and governance and institutional filters have signaled that Governance and Anticorruption (GAC) processes need to be embedded in the Bank projects. At the sector level, the Bank's work was highly relevant in supporting oil revenue transparency, primary education, roads, and the development of safeguards. It was substantially relevant in public financial management, and private sector development and procurement. Bank engagement was moderately relevant in decentralization, civil service reform, and accountability institutions.
- Published
- 2011
22. Bangladesh : World Bank Country-Level Engagement on Governance and Anticorruption
- Author
-
Wescott, Clay and Breeding, Mary
- Subjects
COMPETITIVE BIDDING ,INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ,DECISION-MAKING ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ,ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS ,PRESIDENCY ,PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS ,EMPLOYMENT ,PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION ,POLITICAL CONTROL ,PRESIDENTS ,INCOME ,LACK OF TRANSPARENCY ,ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION ,BUDGET SYSTEM ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,PER CAPITA INCOME ,FRAUD ,TRIAL ,ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,PRIME MINISTER ,GOVERNANCE REFORMS ,AUTHORITARIAN RULE ,BASIC SERVICE ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,DEMOCRATIC ACCOUNTABILITY ,NATIONAL TERRITORY ,BUDGETARY FUNDS ,STATE AGENCIES ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,TAX COLLECTIONS ,FOREIGN BANKS ,MINISTER ,PROSECUTION ,PARLIAMENT ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,POLITICAL INSTABILITY ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,AUDITOR ,COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,EXECUTIVE BODIES ,AUDITS ,CITIZEN PARTICIPATION ,ZERO TOLERANCE ,BLOCK GRANTS ,INSOLVENCY ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,CITIZENS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,POLITICAL SYSTEM ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,CONSOLIDATION ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,JUDICIARY ,LOCAL GOVERNANCE ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,ANTICORRUPTION COMMISSION ,PRIVATE BANKING ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,POLICE ,JUSTICE ,JUDICIAL REFORM ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,CONFIDENCE ,INITIATIVE ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,PRIVATIZATION ,EXECUTION ,HUMAN CAPACITY ,LOAN ,POOR PERFORMANCE ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY ,MICROFINANCE ,DEVELOPMENT BANK ,EXECUTIVE POWER ,BUDGETARY RESOURCES ,NATIONAL PLANNING ,INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS ,ANTICORRUPTION ,POLITICIANS ,WATER SUPPLY ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,MONEY LAUNDERING ,CASH TRANSFERS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,POLITICAL PARTIES ,LEADERSHIP ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,TECHNOCRATS ,ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,STATE INSTITUTIONS ,OPERATIONAL RISK ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,GOVERNMENT AGENCY ,BEST PRACTICE ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,COMMUNITY MEMBERS ,TERRORISM ,STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES ,NATIONS ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,CIVIL WAR ,GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE ,INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS ,CRIME ,INTEGRITY ,RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ,PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE ,AUDITING ,ASSETS ,NATIONAL GOVERNANCE ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,PROCUREMENT ,POLITICAL COMMITMENT ,PROCUREMENT LAW ,ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,SANCTIONS ,ANTICORRUPTION PLAN ,CONSTITUENCIES ,TELEVISION ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,CORRUPT ,FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ,BORROWER ,DEMOCRACY ,MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,ENACTMENT ,MEDIA ,GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,WAGES ,POLITICAL CONSENSUS ,BUDGETARY SUPPORT ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,EXECUTING AGENCIES ,NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ,FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,CORRUPTION PERCEPTION ,INVESTIGATION ,BUREAUCRATIC PROCEDURES ,DISCLOSURE ,AUTHORITY ,GOVERNMENT EFFORTS ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,GOVERNANCE ISSUES ,FINANCIAL SECTORS ,IMPROVING GOVERNANCE ,POLITICAL INTERFERENCE ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL ,CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX ,ACCOUNTING ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,CIVIL UNREST ,CITIZEN ,CORRUPT ACTS ,RULING PARTY ,PUBLIC AFFAIRS ,GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES ,LABOR UNIONS ,COMPLAINTS ,COUNTRY DATA ,COALITIONS ,PRIMARY SCHOOL ,PUBLIC SUBSIDIES ,FINANCE MANAGEMENT ,DEMOCRATIZATION ,GLOBAL INITIATIVES ,GOVERNANCE OBJECTIVES ,BIDDING ,ANTICORRUPTION ISSUES ,ADB ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,PUBLIC HEARINGS ,TRUST FUNDS ,ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS ,ETHICS ,EXPENDITURE ,HUMAN RESOURCE - Abstract
Bangladesh is one of the world's poorest and most densely populated countries, and subject to annual cyclones and flooding. Despite these challenges, it benefits from strong economic growth, good performance on health and education, and poverty reduction, alongside weak governance and pervasive corruption. The reasons include strong macroeconomic policy, pro-poor spending, credible elections, export growth and remittances, improved capacity for managing natural disasters, and a stronger civil society than comparable countries. After over a decade of intense engagement with the Bank on governance, Bangladesh adopted in 2006 a governance-oriented Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) with four main objectives: to improve implementation capacity; to 'tackle corruption' by fully operationalizing the Anti-Corruption Commission; to lay the foundation for comprehensive legal and judicial reform; and to strengthen 'voice, empowerment and participation.' The choice of a wide range of instruments and areas of intervention was appropriate, given the political instability at the time of 2006 CAS preparation. The Bank signaled it was ready to engage in all areas, and could scale up or pull back depending on emerging political and bureaucratic commitment. The 2006 CAS yielded mixed results, and the subsequent Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) has been more selective on GAC issues. At the project level, governance has been a key priority, in line with the South Asia region's heavy emphasis on GAC-in-Projects. Investments in GAC-in-primary education, a local government project, anti-corruption efforts in the power sector, and projects strengthening the investment climate have yielded positive results. Investments in GAC-in-roads projects have had mixed results in terms of effectiveness. GAC activities were mainly adopted prior to the 2007 GAC strategy. Although Bangladesh was a Country Governance and Anticorruption (CGAC) country, the country team chose not to use CGAC funds because the country had already been intensively using GAC approaches well before the GAC strategy was adopted.
- Published
- 2011
23. Moldova : World Bank Country-Level Engagement on Governance and Anticorruption
- Author
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Wescott, Clay and Desai, Raj
- Subjects
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ,NATIONAL OFFICES ,EXECUTIVE AGENCIES ,PRESIDENCY ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,EMPLOYMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL REFORM ,ANTICORRUPTION STRATEGY ,PRESIDENTS ,INCOME ,BRIBE ,LACK OF TRANSPARENCY ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,ECONOMIC CRIMES ,FRAUD ,BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ,REORGANIZATION ,ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ,FORMAL INSTITUTIONS ,REGULATORY REGIME ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,FISCAL INCENTIVES ,PRIME MINISTER ,GOVERNANCE REFORMS ,BASIC SERVICE ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,BUDGETARY FUNDS ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,ANTICORRUPTION MEASURES ,SOCIAL STABILITY ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,DEGREE OF POLITICIZATION ,CREDIT RISK ,MINISTER ,GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES ,PROSECUTION ,PETTY CORRUPTION ,AUDITOR ,DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ,STATE ENTERPRISES ,LABOR SHEDDING ,ELECTORAL SYSTEM ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,OPERATING PERMITS ,AUDITS ,CITIZENS ,BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,CODES OF CONDUCT ,CONSOLIDATION ,JUDICIARY ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,ANTICORRUPTION COMMISSION ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,LEGISLATURE ,REGIONAL INTEGRATION ,JUDICIAL REFORM ,YOUTH ,INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION ,CURRENT PRICES ,CONFIDENCE ,INITIATIVE ,COMMUNITY DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT ,ENTERPRISE RESTRUCTURING ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REFORM ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,UNION ,PRIVATIZATION ,EXECUTION ,LOAN ,POOR PERFORMANCE ,TAX REVENUES ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY ,ASSET VALUE ,ANTICORRUPTION ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,MONEY LAUNDERING ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,LEADERSHIP ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS ,DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION ,TAX RATES ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,FOREIGN INVESTORS ,CAPITAL BUDGETING ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,STATE INSTITUTIONS ,OPERATIONAL RISK ,ECONOMIC REFORMS ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,BANKING REFORM ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,COMMUNITY MEMBERS ,GOVERNMENT DECISION ,TERRORISM ,NATIONS ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS ,RULE OF LAW ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE ,CRIME ,STATE CONTROL ,CONSTITUTION ,INTEGRITY ,RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ,PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE ,AUDITING ,INVESTIGATIONS ,PROCUREMENT ,PUBLIC FINANCING ,REPRESENTATIVES ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,SANCTIONS ,TAX COLLECTION ,REHABILITATION ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,BORROWER ,ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES ,MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,POLITICAL INTERESTS ,PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT ,BUDGET MANAGEMENT ,GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,POLITICAL UNCERTAINTY ,COLLECTIVE ACTION ,EXTORTION ,REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS ,CORE GOVERNANCE ,CIVIL SERVICE ,ANTICORRUPTION LAWS ,COMMUNIST ,CONSTITUENCY ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,ENTERPRISE SURVEYS ,BANKING SECTOR ,INFORMAL PAYMENTS ,INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,CORRUPTION PERCEPTION ,INVESTIGATION ,DISCLOSURE ,AUTHORITY ,COMMUNIST PARTY ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,IMPROVING GOVERNANCE ,POLITICAL INTERFERENCE ,CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX ,ACCOUNTING ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,STATE BUDGET ,REVENUE MOBILIZATION ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,BEST PRACTICES ,DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT ,INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ,BUSINESS OPERATIONS ,MIGRATION ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,GOVERNANCE QUALITY ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,BUREAUCRACY ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT ,MONOPOLIES ,OPPOSITION PARTIES ,LEGISLATION ,GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,CIVIL SERVICE REFORMS ,CENTRALIZATION ,COMPLAINTS ,PUBLIC POLICIES ,COUNTRY DATA ,PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ,EXTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,GLOBAL INITIATIVES ,POLITICAL CHANGE ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,REAL SECTOR ,ANTICORRUPTION ISSUES ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,ETHICS ,HUMAN RESOURCE - Abstract
Moldova has suffered over the last two decades from rising poverty, territorial secession, armed conflict, and the spillover effects of a regional financial crisis, with declining population size and life expectancy, and an economy approximately one-half of what it was in 1990. The return of the Moldovan Communist Party (PCRM), which won two major elections after 2001, contributed to increasing centralization of governmental authority along with a reform agenda that emphasized greater state control over the economy, fiscal support to state enterprises and collective farms, land consolidation, economic protectionism, and the tolerance of monopolies in industry and energy. At the same time, the government has increased social expenditures, and taken major steps to improve public financial management. Bank engagement was moderately effective at the country and project levels, and substantially effective at the sector level. There was progress in several aspects of public financial management (PFM). Regulatory streamlining has reduced costs to business, although resistance to civil service reform has left much work to be done. The Bank has also helped achieve progress on Governance and Anticorruption (GAC) issues in primary education, roads, and private sector development. Education progress is highly uneven across regions, for example, overweight trucks continue to tear up roads, and private investment is not enough to make a dent in high unemployment. A graduated approach to country systems and road sector technical audits help address GAC issues at the project level. The overall impact of GAC strategy implementation was moderate. The GAC committees set up at the regional and sectoral Bank department levels are particularly useful mechanisms for disseminating practices from the GAC Council. Staff has been proactive in using Country Governance and Anticorruption (CGAC) resources. However, three applications for window one funding were not approved, reducing the ability of this small program to seize opportunities.
- Published
- 2011
24. Liberia : World Bank Country-Level Engagement on Governance and Anticorruption
- Author
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DeGroot, David, Talvitie, Antti, and Umarov, Uktirdjan
- Subjects
AIRPORT ,INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ,MONEY MANAGEMENT ,DECISION-MAKING ,NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM ,GENERAL ELECTIONS ,ROAD MANAGEMENT ,ROAD ,PRESIDENCY ,EMPLOYMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL REFORM ,PRESIDENTS ,INCOME ,INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ,PER CAPITA INCOME ,TRANSPORT SECTOR ,FRAUD ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,ARTERIAL ROADS ,REORGANIZATION ,ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ,VIOLENCE ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE ,BASIC SERVICE ,COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE ,DEPOSITS ,ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,PATRONAGE ,EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION ,COUNTRIES MUST ,CIVIC EDUCATION ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,ASSET MANAGEMENT ,TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ,DECISION-MAKING AUTHORITY ,RAIL ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,DECLARATION OF ASSETS ,PROSECUTION ,PARLIAMENT ,BUSINESS CLIMATE ,RATIONALIZATION ,ROAD DESIGN ,LOCAL ROADS ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,AUDITOR ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,AUDITS ,POLITICAL APPOINTEES ,CITIZENSHIP ,YOUNG WOMEN ,LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,ROADS ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,CONSOLIDATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS ,ANTICORRUPTION COMMISSION ,DECENTRALIZATION ,MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT ,POLICE ,JUSTICE ,JUDICIAL REFORM ,YOUTH ,DEBT RELIEF ,CONFIDENCE ,INITIATIVE ,COMMUNITY DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,EXECUTION ,EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE ,JUDICIAL SYSTEM ,COLLAPSE ,GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS ,LOW INCOME COUNTRIES ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,MONEY LAUNDERING ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,TRANSIT OPERATIONS ,DISABILITIES ,LEADERSHIP ,GOVERNMENT ENTITIES ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS ,INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS ,TAX RATES ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,SOCIAL WELFARE ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,TAX ,STATE INSTITUTIONS ,OPERATIONAL RISK ,ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM ,DRIVERS ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,INFORMATION DISSEMINATION ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,COUNCILS ,ROAD IMPROVEMENT ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,TERRORISM ,MANDATES ,NATIONS ,RULE OF LAW ,GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE ,CONSTITUTION ,INTEGRITY ,RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ,PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE ,AUDITING ,INFRASTRUCTURE REHABILITATION ,CITY STREETS ,INVESTIGATIONS ,STREETS ,PROCUREMENT ,REPRESENTATIVES ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,SANCTIONS ,REHABILITATION ,LOCAL INSTITUTIONS ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,PUBLIC ROADS ,CORRUPT ,NATIONAL ELECTIONS ,MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,SANITATION ,GOVERNANCE COMPONENTS ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION ,CIVIL SERVICE ,ROAD NETWORK ,AFFILIATES ,NATIONALS ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,GOVERNANCE PROGRAMS ,ALLEGIANCE ,INSTITUTION BUILDING ,INFRASTRUCTURE GRANTS ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,DISCLOSURE ,AUTHORITY ,COMPLAINT ,NATIONAL INTEGRITY ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,TRANSIT ,MINISTERS ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,GOVERNANCE ISSUES ,BRIDGE ,FINANCIAL SECTORS ,IMPROVING GOVERNANCE ,MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ,CORRUPT PRACTICES ,ROAD SECTOR ,ACCOUNTING ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT ,FORMAL EDUCATION ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,VEHICLES ,CITIZEN ,PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURES ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,CIVIL SERVANT ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,RURAL ROADS ,LEGISLATION ,RAIL LINE ,GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES ,GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS ,ANTI-CORRUPTION ,COUNTRY DATA ,PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ,PRIMARY SCHOOL ,GLOBAL INITIATIVES ,LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,ANTICORRUPTION ISSUES ,TAX SHARING ,PUBLIC WORKS ,DISCRIMINATION ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,TRUST FUNDS ,ETHICS ,EXPENDITURE ,HUMAN RESOURCE - Abstract
This case study summarizes the findings of desk reviews and a field visit carried out in January 2011 as part of IEG's evaluation of the 2007 Governance and Anticorruption (GAC) strategy. The case study sought to evaluate the relevance and effectiveness of Bank support for GAC efforts over the FY2004-10 period, to assess the contributions of 2007 strategy implementation, and to identify early outcomes and lessons. This Background Paper is based on findings of the mission that visited Liberia in January 2011. The team is particularly grateful for informative meetings with officials from the Government of Liberia, Bank staff, and members of civil society. The evaluation aims to help enhance the Bank's approach to governance and anticorruption and to improve its effectiveness in helping countries develop capable and accountable states that create opportunities for the poor. Pursuant to this objective, the evaluation assessed the relevance of the 2007 GAC strategy and implementation plan, as well as the efficiency and effectiveness of implementation efforts in making Bank engagement with countries and other development partners more responsive to GAC concerns. It also sought to identify early lessons about what works and what does not in helping to promote good governance and reduce corruption. The Liberia case study is based on an extensive desk review as well as a field visit to Monrovia from January 17-22, 2011. It evaluates the relevance and effectiveness of Bank support for governance and anticorruption efforts since the launch of the Bank's GAC strategy in 2007. It elaborates on a desk review of the GAC responsiveness of the Bank's Liberia program and reviews the following GAC entry points: core public sector reform (public financial management and decentralization); demand for good governance (including social accountability issues); GAC in the road sector; and the investment climate. The case study also examines the extent to which the Bank's GAC Strategy has made a difference in staff attitudes toward addressing GAC issues in their operational work. The mission interviewed government, Bank, donor, and nongovernmental organization (NGO) staff based in Washington and in Monrovia.
- Published
- 2011
25. Papua Public Expenditure Analysis
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES ,RESERVE FUNDS ,REGIONAL GOVERNMENT ,ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS ,INFLATION ,TAX REVENUE SHARING ,PUBLIC FACILITIES ,LACK OF TRANSPARENCY ,REVENUE SHARING ,MUNICIPALITIES ,TOTAL HEALTH EXPENDITURE ,SUB-NATIONAL ,SECTORAL COMPOSITION ,FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ,PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ,DISTRICT GOVERNMENT ,INTERNAL CONTROL ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,REFORM AGENDA ,TRANSPARENCY ,BALANCE OF TRADE ,DISTRICT GOVERNMENTS ,EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS ,HOLDING ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ,ASSET MANAGEMENT ,PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL ,BUDGET ALLOCATION ,DISTRICTS ,BUDGET SURPLUS ,TAX COLLECTIONS ,DISBURSEMENT ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,SECTORAL EXPENDITURE ,INCOME LEVELS ,CASH MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,DISBURSEMENTS ,GOVERNMENT BUDGETING ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ,EMPLOYEE ,INFRASTRUCTURE EXPENDITURE ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,CONSUMPTION GOODS ,FISCAL AUTONOMY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS ,TRADE BALANCE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS ,GOVERNOR ,ROADS ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,PRINCIPAL PAYMENTS ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,INTERNATIONAL TRADE ,VILLAGES ,REAL GROWTH ,EQUIPMENT ,FOREIGN CAPITAL ,PEOPLES ,PERSONNEL EXPENSES ,EXPENDITURE COMPOSITION ,DISTRICT LEVELS ,SECTOR EXPENDITURE ,PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ,TAX INCOME ,COMMODITY PRICES ,TAX REVENUES ,SECTORAL ALLOCATIONS ,PUBLIC ,GOVERNMENT REGULATION ,LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT ,ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION ,ENROLLMENT ,FISCAL CAPACITY ,INCOME GROUPS ,FOREIGN INVESTMENT ,SECTORAL ALLOCATION ,HOUSING ,POLITICIANS ,INCOME GROWTH ,EXPENDITURE PATTERNS ,LOCAL ECONOMY ,INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ,LOCAL TAXES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,GENDER ,PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ENROLMENT RATE ,FISCAL CAPACITIES ,TRANSACTION ,EXPENDITURE PRIORITIES ,PROVINCE ,CAPITAL FLOWS ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,PROGRAM MANAGEMENT ,SOCIAL WELFARE ,TAX ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CAPACITY ,HEALTH CENTERS ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS ,PROVINCIAL BUDGET ,TOTAL SPENDING ,PROGRAMS ,EXPENDITURE ALLOCATION ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,PROVINCES ,FINANCE INFORMATION SYSTEM ,HEALTH PROGRAMS ,EXPENDITURE GROWTH ,DOMESTIC CAPITAL ,SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,INFLATION RATE ,TECHNICAL SUPPORT ,RESERVES ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,TREATY ,PROVINCIAL LEVEL ,BANK OFFICE ,CAPITAL INVESTMENT ,DISTRICT ,PERSONNEL EXPENDITURE ,NATIONAL BUDGETS ,REMOTE DISTRICTS ,INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEMS ,TAX REVENUE ,SANITARY FACILITIES ,SANITATION ,FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ,CASH BUDGET ,STRATEGIC PLANS ,FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION ,FINANCIAL COST ,STOCK EXCHANGE ,DOMESTIC INVESTMENT ,CIVIL SERVICE ,COMMUNITY HEALTH ,EXPENDITURE CATEGORIES ,ROAD NETWORK ,DEBT ,BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION ,HEALTH SECTOR ,DISTRICT-LEVEL ,PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT ,EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA ,LOCAL ECONOMIES ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,INCOME GROUP ,ELECTRICITY ,FINANCIAL REPORTS ,CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES ,ACCOUNTING ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,MEDIUM-TERM DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC WELFARE ,MASTER PLAN ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,MEDIUM-TERM PLANNING ,VILLAGE ,DISTRICT LEVEL ,BUDGET BALANCE ,RESERVE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,LOCAL REVENUE ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,SERVICE PROVISION ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,ACCOUNTABILITY REQUIREMENTS ,PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,EXPENDITURES ,REFERENDUM ,GROWTH RATE ,MEASURABLE INDICATORS ,DISTRICT FINANCING ,CASH BUDGETS ,OIL PRICE ,MEDIUM-TERM DEVELOPMENT PLANS ,PRIVATE PARTIES ,MUNICIPALITY ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,PUBLIC WORKS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH RATE ,URBAN AREAS ,POVERTY RATE ,BUDGETING PROCESS ,FISCAL RESOURCES - Abstract
Papua has abundant natural and fiscal resources but also faces great development challenges. On the one hand, Papua currently has the largest per capita fiscal capacity after West Papua. Papua is rich in natural resources such as non-oil-and-gas minerals and forest products. On the other hand, development challenges in Papua are significant, including geography, terrain and demography. In general, Papua is still underdeveloped both socially and in economic terms compared to other regions in Indonesia. This underdevelopment is evident in most poverty, education, health, and infrastructure indicators. The economy and investment in Papua are dominated by the mining sector and, in a distant second place, the agricultural sector. Between 2004 and 2007, the mining sector accounted for more than 50 percent of the Papua's gross regional domestic product (GRDP). As a consequence, economic growth was determined by fluctuations in mineral commodity prices. The second largest sector is agriculture, which accounts for about 14-18 percent of GRDP. This sector absorbed the most workers in Papua province until 2008. Meanwhile, industry continues to lag and contributed less than 10 percent to GRDP. The PEA is a part of the PEACH (Public Expenditure Analysis and Capacity Harmonization) program. This program is an initiative of the Government of Papua to continuously improve its public financial management performance. Consequently, the analysis contained in this report addresses issues that are the region's main focus. Today, the Government of Papua is trying actively to achieve a 'New Papua' through implementing the following agenda: a) restructuring the local government; b) developing a prosperous Papua; c) developing a safe and peaceful Papua; and d) improving and accelerating the development of basic infrastructure and facilities.
- Published
- 2011
26. Sudan : Rapid Assessment of the Public Investment Portfolio in the Fiscal Adjustment Context
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
WEAK BUDGET EXECUTION ,BUDGET DATA ,DECISION-MAKING ,BASELINE SCENARIO ,INFLATION ,FISCAL DEFICIT ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,EMPLOYMENT ,POLICY MAKERS ,CAPITAL SPENDING ,ANNUAL BUDGET ,REVENUE SHARING ,FISCAL BURDEN ,RETURNS ,DEBT SERVICE ,SECTORAL COMPOSITION ,FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURE ,MEDIUM-TERM FISCAL ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,POLICY PRIORITY ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,REVENUE FORECAST ,MARGINAL BENEFITS ,INVESTMENT BUDGET ,TOTAL NATIONAL BUDGET ,FEDERAL PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,NATIONAL POLICY AGENDA ,INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES ,POVERTY LEVEL ,BUDGET ALLOCATION ,FISCAL ADJUSTMENT ,INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS ,DISBURSEMENT ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,EXPENDITURE PROGRAMS ,COST ESTIMATES ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,ARREARS ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,EXPENDITURE ENVELOPE ,DOMESTIC FUNDING ,REVENUE LOSS ,FIXED CAPITAL ,CIVIL SERVICE REFORM ,FISCAL ADJUSTMENTS ,DISBURSEMENTS ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,INVESTMENT PROJECTS ,FEDERAL INVESTMENT ,FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ,FIXED ASSETS ,RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY ,CENTRAL FISCAL AUTHORITIES ,CAPITAL PROJECTS ,CREDIBLE EVIDENCE ,FINANCIAL ACCOUNT ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,FISCAL IMPACT ,FISCAL POLICY ,MINISTRY OF LABOR ,FINANCE MINISTRY ,EQUIPMENT ,POLICY DISCUSSION ,BUDGET PLANNING ,EXPENDITURE COMPOSITION ,BANKS ,POLICY ACTIONS ,FINANCIAL STATISTICS ,FOREIGN GRANTS ,SECTORAL DISTRIBUTION ,CAPITAL TRANSFERS ,OUTPUT RATIO ,COST ESTIMATE ,INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN ,LOAN ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY ,RUNNING COSTS ,INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE ,EXPENDITURE BUDGET ,SUBNATIONAL ,EVALUATION OF PROJECTS ,FEDERAL TRANSFER ,BUDGET EXPENDITURE ,MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE ,WATER SUPPLY ,BUDGETING ,PUBLIC GOODS ,TRANSPORT ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ,ACTUAL COST ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,STATE GOVERNMENTS ,INVESTMENT SPENDING ,COST INFORMATION ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,VALUATION ,TOTAL EDUCATION EXPENDITURE ,INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,GOLDEN RULE ,BASIC SERVICES ,FINANCIAL ASSETS ,BUDGET SITUATION ,TOTAL SPENDING ,TRUST FUND ,PROGRAMS ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,LOCAL FINANCING ,EXPENDITURE ADJUSTMENTS ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT PLANNING ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,BENEFICIARIES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,INFLATION RATE ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,TOTAL BUDGET SIZE ,AGGREGATE SPENDING ,FOREIGN FINANCING ,MANAGING PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,BUDGET DOCUMENTS ,COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS ,FEDERAL BUDGET ,INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT ,FEDERAL TRANSFERS ,ACQUISITION COST ,CAPITAL INVESTMENT ,EMERGENCY BUDGET ,PHYSICAL ASSET ,FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES ,BUDGET CREDIBILITY ,INVESTMENT DECISION ,SANITATION ,SERVICE FACILITIES ,WAGES ,LABOR MARKET ,MARKET VALUE ,CIVIL SERVICE ,NATIONAL ECONOMY ,POLICY GOALS ,GOVERNMENT FINANCING ,DEBT ,CREDIT LINE ,RETURN ON INVESTMENT ,FISCAL AUTHORITIES ,INVESTMENT PORTFOLIOS ,REVENUE SHORTFALLS ,RETURN ,BUDGET PLAN ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRACKING ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT SPENDING ,CREDIBILITY ,ACCOUNTING ,MEDIUM-TERM DEVELOPMENT ,DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT ,MINISTRY OF HEALTH ,FISCAL TRANSITION ,BUDGET ENVELOPE ,REVENUE MOBILIZATION ,FOREIGN LOANS ,FINANCING OF INVESTMENT ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURES ,TRANSITION ECONOMIES ,BUDGET PROPOSAL ,TREASURY ,NATIONAL POLICY ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT PROGRAMS ,EXPENDITURE ENVELOPES ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,EXPENDITURE CATEGORY ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION ,SOCIAL BENEFIT ,EXPENDITURES ,MULTIPLIER EFFECT ,POLICY PRIORITIES ,GROWTH RATE ,AGGREGATE EXPENDITURE ,DATA AVAILABILITY ,FEDERAL TRANSFERS TO STATES ,EXPENDITURE AREAS ,FISCAL CONSOLIDATION ,DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT ,INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION DECISIONS ,DATA COLLECTION ,EXPENDITURE - Abstract
Public investment to facilitate growth and poverty reduction is paramount to Sudan's development challenge. The acute need for rebuilding the country's deteriorated infrastructure and service delivery framework underscores the importance of more active and effective public investment. The disproportional composition of the spending adjustment raises particular concern on pro-poor and public investment spending during the subsequent fiscal adjustment period expected to follow. Under the growing fiscal decentralization trend, the state governments have taken up the primary responsibility to provide basic public service deliveries to the poor; in such a decentralized constellation, reduced support from the federal budget could seriously jeopardize the provision of basic services at the state and locality level. In particular, public investment expenditure now has to effectively address service delivery needs and the broader development agenda, while at the same time the overall resource envelope is declining. This note is the result of a rapid assessment of Sudan's public investment portfolio in the context of the anticipated fiscal adjustment. It is not a full-fledged review on public investment projects or the public investment management system. The main scope of the assessment is: to quickly identify available information on public investment projects from existing sources; to provide an contextual overview of the overall public investment portfolio in light of the imminent needs for rationalizing the public investment portfolio; and to outline conceptual guidelines for public investment adjustments and to propose longer-term tasks to improve public investment management.
- Published
- 2011
27. Sustaining Achievements in Palestinian Institution-Building and Economic Growth
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING ,RESERVE REQUIREMENTS ,UNCERTAINTY ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,HEALTH INSURANCE ,BUDGETARY REVENUES ,FINANCING NEED ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,QUALITY ASSURANCE ,EQUAL ACCESS ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,EMPLOYMENT ,CAPITAL SPENDING ,FISCAL TRANSPARENCY ,INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,EXTERNAL AUDIT ,FISCAL CRISIS ,MUNICIPALITIES ,CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS ,MENTAL HEALTH ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT ,REFORM AGENDA ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,BANK ACCOUNTS ,PENSIONS ,FISCAL IMPLICATIONS ,DEPOSITS ,ANNUAL BUDGETING ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS ,STATE OWNED BANKS ,ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ,EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE ,SECTOR POLICY ,PENSION LIABILITIES ,RETIREMENT ,EDUCATION SERVICES ,MONETARY POLICY ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,TAX COLLECTIONS ,FOREIGN BANKS ,LIQUIDITY ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,REFORM PROGRAM ,FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,CAPITAL REQUIREMENT ,CHILD SUPPORT ,PENSION REFORM ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,BUDGET DEFICIT ,LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,DONOR FINANCING ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,TAX BASE ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,INCOME TAX ,INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,PROPERTY TAX ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,CABINET OF MINISTERS ,FINANCE MINISTRY ,EXCHANGE RATE ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,HEALTH CARE ,REAL GROWTH ,EDUCATION SYSTEM ,TAX BREAKS ,HEALTH SYSTEMS ,PRIVATE SECTOR GROWTH ,COST OF LIVING ,BANKS ,LAND ADMINISTRATION ,FINANCIAL STATISTICS ,FINANCIAL REFORMS ,BORROWING ,CASH BASIS ,FISCAL STABILITY ,TAX REVENUES ,EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE ,CREDIT FACILITIES ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,REFORM EFFORTS ,FOREIGN INVESTMENT ,OPERATIONAL EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT ,TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT ,CORRUPTION ,WATER SUPPLY ,LAWS ,SOCIAL INSURANCE ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,ANNUAL REPORT ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,LABOR FORCE SURVEY ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,REFORM STRATEGIES ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,FINANCIAL DATA ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,BASIC SERVICES ,PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT ,ALLOCATION ,FISCAL STANCE ,PROGRAMS ,AMALGAMATION ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,SALARY PAYMENTS ,DIRECT FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,GENERAL BUDGET SUPPORT ,SOCIAL PROTECTION SECTOR ,BENEFICIARIES ,MANDATES ,NET LENDING ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN ,DONOR ASSISTANCE ,AGGREGATE SPENDING ,CONFLICTS OF INTEREST ,PENSION SCHEME ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,TAX COLLECTION ,CAPACITY-BUILDING ,CAPITAL INVESTMENT ,FUNDS FOR CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ,DOMESTIC REVENUE ,SANITATION ,FISCAL FRAMEWORK ,PUBLIC EDUCATION ,WAGES ,WAGE EXPENDITURES ,MEDIUM TERM FISCAL STRATEGY ,LACK OF ACCESS ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,DONOR FUNDING ,FINANCIAL ACCOUNTS ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,ACCUMULATION OF ARREARS ,BANKING SECTOR ,CENTRAL CONTROL ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,HEALTH SECTOR ,BUDGET PROJECTIONS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTS ,EXPENDITURE CONTROL ,AUTONOMY ,CENTRAL BANK ,SOCIAL POLICY ,TOTAL EXPENDITURES ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,DONOR COORDINATION ,PUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYMENT ,DEFICITS ,PROPERTY TAXES ,TAXPAYERS ,FOREIGN ASSETS ,ACCOUNTING ,BUDGET SUPPORT ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ,BANK FINANCING ,REVENUE MOBILIZATION ,HEALTH WORKERS ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,INSURANCE ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,BUSINESS CONFIDENCE ,QUALITY OF SERVICES ,GROWTH RATE ,BUDGET REPORTING ,TRANSFER PAYMENTS ,PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ,CIVIL SERVICE LAW ,ALTERNATIVE FINANCING ,RECEIPTS ,JOB CREATION ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,STRATEGIC PRIORITIES ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,FISCAL POSITION ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,SAVINGS ,CAPITAL BASE ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,HEALTH SERVICES ,STRUCTURAL REFORMS ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,LACK OF INFORMATION ,ELECTRICITY SERVICES ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT - Abstract
Sustainable economic growth and strong institutions are interlinked, and the present report summarizes recent economic and fiscal developments in West Bank and Gaza (WB&G) as well as providing a broad overview of institutional accomplishments to date. The present report begins by discussing the apparent slowdown in economic growth in WB&G and the current fiscal crisis facing the Palestinian Authority (PA)-resulting partly from lower-than-expected external support this year. A further drop in donor funding would likely reduce growth, which would in turn further aggravate the fiscal situation in the coming year. A protracted fiscal crisis, in turn, risks jeopardizing the gains made in institution-building and thereby losing what has been painstakingly achieved over the past years. In addition, the report highlights that in order for the PA to sustain the reform momentum and its achievements in institution-building, remaining Israeli restrictions must be lifted and any reductions in international aid flows must be carefully calibrated and managed. Economic growth in WB&G has slowed down in 2011, and together with the shortfall in external financing, this has led to a fiscal crisis for the PA. Economic growth in WB&G remains robust but appears to be slowing due to economic and political uncertainty, so that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has revised the projected real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate for 2011 from 9 down to 7 percent. Despite some improvement, unemployment remains stubbornly high and labor force participation low in WB&G.
- Published
- 2011
28. Measuring Governance and Service Delivery in Safety Net Programs
- Author
-
Rubio, Gloria M.
- Subjects
PERFORMANCE DIMENSION ,BUDGET SUBMISSIONS ,INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,PROGRAM MANAGEMENT ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE ,DOMESTIC GOVERNANCE ,ANNUAL PERFORMANCE ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ,PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE ,INFLATION ,PROGRAMS ,PROGRAM OUTCOMES ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,DIAGNOSTIC SURVEYS ,SOCIAL PROTECTION SECTOR ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,BENEFICIARIES ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,EXTERNAL AUDIT ,INCOME ,PUBLIC AWARENESS ,NATIONS ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,PROGRAM OBJECTIVES ,GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE ,INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS ,CRIME ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,ACCOUNTABILITY IN SERVICE DELIVERY ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ,FINANCIAL SYSTEMS ,PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORK ,REPRESENTATIVES ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,CONSTITUENCIES ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,PERFORMANCE STANDARDS ,DEMOCRACY ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,CASH ASSISTANCE ,SERVICE QUALITY ,SOCIAL SAFETY ,BUDGETARY FUNDS ,QUALITY CONTROL ,POLITICAL INFLUENCE ,AID ALLOCATION ,LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,NATIONAL INCOME ,SERVICE PROVIDER ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,REFORM PROCESSES ,DECISION MAKING ,LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ,PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ,CIVIL SERVICE ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,PERFORMANCE AUDITS ,PROGRAM OPERATIONS ,VOTING ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ARRANGEMENTS ,ADMINISTRATION COSTS ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,SOCIAL SECURITY ,CONSENSUS ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,ABSENTEEISM ,BUDGET PREPARATION PROCESS ,CASH BENEFITS ,DISCLOSURE ,PROGRAM EVALUATION ,GOVERNANCE MEASUREMENT ,ADMINISTRATIVE EFFICIENCY ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,PRIVATE FIRMS ,SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM ,GOVERNANCE ISSUES ,HUMAN RESOURCE POLICIES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRACKING ,COST-EFFECTIVENESS ,PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION ,OLD-AGE ,ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE ,AUTHORIZATION ,DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE ,CITIZENS ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,PUBLIC FUNDS ,ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK ,ACCOUNTING ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SYSTEM ,EXPANSION PLAN ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNANCE INDICATOR ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ,INTERNAL AUDIT FINDINGS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,ETHICAL STANDARDS ,COMPREHENSIVE DISCUSSION ,GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,SOCIAL CONTROL ,BUDGET CIRCULAR ,DECENTRALIZATION ,LEGISLATURE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,HEALTH CARE ,GOVERNMENT LEVELS ,INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT ,INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION ,INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,BUDGET PLANNING ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,GOVERNANCE DIMENSION ,ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEMS ,PENSION SYSTEMS ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,AUDIT INSTITUTIONS ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,BUREAUCRACY ,ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISM ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK ,EXECUTION ,PERFORMANCE MONITORING ,ACCOUNTABILITY RELATIONSHIPS ,LEGISLATION ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,POOR GOVERNANCE ,BUDGET REPORTING ,ANTI-CORRUPTION ,INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE ,GOVERNMENTAL SOURCES ,LABOR MARKETS ,TRANSFER PAYMENTS ,FISCAL MODULE ,PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM ,PERFORMANCE MEASURES ,OPERATIONAL PROCESSES ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT ,MEASURING GOVERNANCE ,CORRUPTION ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,POLITICIANS ,PROGRAM RESULTS ,PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDERS ,CASH FLOWS ,SOCIAL INSURANCE ,PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT ,MASS MEDIA ,DISCRIMINATION ,MONEY LAUNDERING ,CASH TRANSFERS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,SECTOR POLICIES ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,DATA COLLECTION ,PROGRAM MANAGERS ,DECISION MAKING PROCESS ,EXPENDITURE ,HUMAN RESOURCE ,SOCIAL SAFETY NET - Abstract
This paper develops a framework to assess organizational performance in the delivery of social safety nets. Specifically, it provides guidance to task teams and program managers for identifying indicators of governance and service quality in targeted cash transfer programs. The paper identifies governance issues along the results chain of service delivery and suggests policy and performance indicators for assessing program inputs, human resources, financing and resource management; and program activities, operational procedures, Management Information Systems (MIS) and control. It also suggests indicators of organizational performance and the quality of outputs, including demand-side accountability mechanisms.
- Published
- 2011
29. 2011 North Sulawesi Public Expenditure Analysis : Sub-National Public Financial Management and Development in Bumi Nyiur Melambai
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
EXPENDITURE PRIORITIES ,ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ,PROVINCE ,GOVERNMENT ASSET ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,CITIES ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,TAX ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,ALLOCATION ,REGIONAL GOVERNMENT ,BUDGET TARGETS ,DATA COLLECTION SYSTEMS ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CAPACITY ,QUALITY OF EDUCATION ,INFLATION ,PROGRAMS ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,POLICY MAKERS ,PROCUREMENT PROCESS ,CAPITAL SPENDING ,PROVINCES PER CAPITA ,PRICE STABILITY ,EXTERNAL AUDIT ,REVENUE SHARING ,PUBLIC INVESTMENTS ,MUNICIPALITIES ,SUB-NATIONAL ,URBANIZATION ,INFLATION RATE ,BUDGET MONITORING ,FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ,DISTRICT GOVERNMENT ,FISCAL DATA ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,EDUCATION SPENDING ,HEALTH EXPENDITURE ,TRANSPARENCY ,INVESTMENT POLICIES ,CAPITAL INVESTMENT ,DISTRICT ,EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS ,PERSONNEL EXPENDITURE ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,COUNTERPART FUNDING ,HEALTH SPENDING ,SANITATION ,PROVINCIAL POPULATION ,PUBLIC EDUCATION ,PURCHASING POWER ,CASH BUDGET ,MANAGEMENT CONTROLS ,INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES ,ASSET MANAGEMENT ,AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ,COMMUNITY HEALTH ,DISTRICTS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,EDUCATION SERVICES ,INFORMATION SYSTEM ,BUDGET SURPLUS ,LONG-TERM INVESTMENT ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,DEBT ,SECTORAL EXPENDITURE ,FISCAL BALANCES ,SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION ,CASH MANAGEMENT ,PROCUREMENT OF GOODS ,TRADE SECTOR ,HEALTH SECTOR ,BUDGET POLICY ,COMMUNITY SERVICES ,PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,SUPERVISORY AGENCY ,BUDGET PREPARATION PROCESS ,PUBLIC DEBTS ,COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,ELECTRICITY ,INFRASTRUCTURE EXPENDITURE ,SUB-NATIONAL EXPENDITURE ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,FINANCIAL LOSS ,FINANCIAL REPORTS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS ,SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,GOVERNOR ,ACCOUNTING ,FISCAL REVENUE ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,MEDIUM-TERM DEVELOPMENT ,SUB-NATIONAL REVENUES ,INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ,REVENUE MOBILIZATION ,GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE ,VILLAGE ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,HEALTH WORKERS ,RETAIL TRADING ,DISTRICT LEVEL ,ANNUAL PLANS ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,HEALTH CARE ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,PROVINCIAL RATE ,INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION ,LOCAL REVENUE ,EXTERNAL AUDITORS ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,REVENUE MANAGEMENT ,ASSET MANAGERS ,NATIONAL POLICY ,SECTOR EXPENDITURE ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTION ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,BORROWING ,LOAN ,DEBT MANAGEMENT ,GROWTH RATE ,POLICY FRAMEWORK ,PUBLIC ,GOVERNMENT REGULATION ,PROVINCIAL SPENDING ,LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT ,ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION ,SUBNATIONAL ,MUNICIPALITY ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,BUDGET CONSTRAINTS ,TRADING ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,BUDGETING ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS ,INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,HEALTH SERVICES ,PERFORMANCE TARGETS ,FINANCIAL STATEMENT ,BUDGET EVALUATION ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ,PROVINCIAL CAPITAL ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,DEBT MANAGEMENT POLICY ,FINANCIAL REPORTING ,POVERTY RATE ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,BUDGETING PROCESS ,DATA COLLECTION ,HUMAN RESOURCE - Abstract
North Sulawesi province is one of the most developed provinces in eastern Indonesia. Far-reaching development has taken place over the past ten years. Presently, North Sulawesi province has the second highest Human Development Index score in Indonesia, and its poverty rate is low in comparison with other provinces. Over the past decade, per capita gross regional domestic product (GRDP) has doubled and sub-national government spending has increased significantly. Nevertheless, there remain various development challenges to address as well as various potential resources and opportunities to pursue. North Sulawesi's performance in regional financial management has been relatively good, but discrepancies remain in the performance and capacity of different work units within each regional government and also between different regional governments in the province. To address challenges, take opportunities, and increase development performance, sub-national governments in North Sulawesi, particularly the provincial government, need to better utilize their fiscal resources. Clearer vision, mission, indicators and development targets must be accompanied by greater efforts to prepare a more directed budget, and to formulate higher quality programs and activities more consistent with planning targets. This report is an effort to assist North Sulawesi's sub-national governments to improve their regional financial management performance, to improve the quality of planning and budgeting, and finally to contribute to local development performance. The report results from strong cooperation between sub-national governments in North Sulawesi province, the Economics Faculty of Sam Ratulangi University, which was supported by CIDA, the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) and the World Bank. North Sulawesi Province BAPPEDA (Head of the Regional Development Planning Agency) played an important role in facilitating the preparation of this report. It is expected that this report will benefit North Sulawesi's sub-national governments, sub-national governments elsewhere in Indonesia and the central government by serving as a reference for efforts to improve sub-national financial management performance and the regional development process. Finally, this report can contribute to better and more effective sub-national financial management and governance. Overall, North Sulawesi's strategic sectors (health, education, infrastructure and agriculture) are performing better than in other provinces in eastern Indonesia.
- Published
- 2011
30. Implementing Results Based Management in Thailand
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE ,OUTCOME MEASUREMENT ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,UNCERTAINTY ,ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ,ANNUAL BUDGET FORMULATION ,DECISION-MAKING ,ANNUAL PERFORMANCE ,MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,ALLOCATION ,PERFORMANCE AGREEMENTS ,PROGRAMS ,QUALITY ASSURANCE ,FISCAL RISK ,FORWARD ESTIMATES ,AUDITOR GENERAL ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,BUDGETARY DECISION MAKING ,MARKET ECONOMIES ,DEPARTMENTAL BUDGETS ,FISCAL MANAGEMENT ,ANNUAL BUDGET ,FISCAL RULES ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,PERFORMANCE INFORMATION ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ,OUTCOME INDICATORS ,SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,CENTRAL AGENCIES ,PROGRAM REVIEWS ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN ,SERVICE PROVIDERS ,PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ,BUDGET SYSTEMS ,MENTAL HEALTH ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,INTERNAL CONTROL ,PERFORMANCE AUDIT ,POLICY DECISIONS ,SUPREME AUDIT INSTITUTIONS ,CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS ,TAX COLLECTION ,BUDGET PREPARATION CYCLE ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,BUDGET CYCLE ,ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ,ANNUAL BUDGETING ,FISCAL OPERATIONS ,REVENUE FORECAST ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,SERVICE QUALITY ,FINANCIAL AUDITS ,PUBLIC SERVICE AGREEMENTS ,BUDGET PRACTICES ,SANITATION ,ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ,PERFORMANCE INDICATOR ,STRATEGIC PLANS ,AUDIT OFFICE ,PUBLIC DISCLOSURE ,BUDGET REFORM ,BUDGET PERIOD ,DELIVERY OF SERVICES ,PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ,BUDGET ALLOCATION ,CIVIL SERVICE ,COST ESTIMATES ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES ,MONETARY REWARDS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ARRANGEMENTS ,PERFORMANCE DATA ,BUDGET REVIEW ,CENTRAL BUDGET ,PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM ,BUDGET DEPARTMENT ,PUBLIC SECTOR PRODUCTION ,ACCOUNTABILITY FOR RESULTS ,AUDIT FINDINGS ,BUDGET STRATEGY ,PROGRAM DESIGN ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,QUALITY MANAGEMENT ,PRIORITIES OF GOVERNMENT ,FINANCIAL INFORMATION ,MONETARY INCENTIVES ,QUANTITATIVE DATA ,USE OF PERFORMANCE INFORMATION ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REFORM ,GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES ,ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE ,ANNUAL REPORTING ,FINANCIAL REPORTS ,PERFORMANCE REPORTING ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY ,PROGRAM BUDGETING ,EXPENDITURE CEILINGS ,PROGRAM STRUCTURE ,UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES ,PERFORMANCE CRITERIA ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,ACCOUNTING ,OUTPUT MEASURES ,BUDGETARY ALLOCATION ,ALLOCATION OF FUNDS ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,STATE BUDGET ,GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE ,BUDGET REQUESTS ,PERFORMANCE REPORTS ,BUDGETARY DECISION ,MINISTERIAL COMMITTEE ,ANNUAL BUDGETING PROCESS ,ANNUAL PLANS ,FINANCE MINISTRY ,MINISTRY BUDGET STAFF ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS ,PERFORMANCE AUDITING ,INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,NATIONAL STATISTICS ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,ENTITLEMENT PROGRAMS ,PERFORMANCE BUDGETING ,AGGREGATE CONSTRAINTS ,SERVICE PROVISION ,PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES ,EXPENDITURE PLANS ,PERFORMANCE MONITORING ,MACROECONOMIC POLICY ,PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS ,MEASURED VALUES ,BUDGET SUBMISSION ,BASELINE DATA ,BUDGETARY SYSTEM ,NATIONAL AUDIT ,PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ,USE PERFORMANCE INFORMATION ,EVALUATION CAPACITY ,PERFORMANCE GOALS ,BUDGET PROCESS ,MANAGEMENT CONTROL ,PERFORMANCE MEASURES ,BUDGET AUTHORITY ,PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS ,PROGRAM EVALUATIONS ,OUTCOME TARGETS ,POLITICIANS ,BUDGET EXPENDITURE ,PROGRAM PERFORMANCE ,BUDGET DISCUSSIONS ,PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,PERFORMANCE TARGETS ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ,BUDGET PROPOSALS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,ANNUAL REPORT ,PUBLIC SECTOR SPECIALIST ,PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,BUDGET DOES ,BUDGETING PROCESS ,DATA COLLECTION ,FISCAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,PROGRAM MANAGERS ,EXPENDITURE ,PERFORMANCE PLAN - Abstract
Thailand has been pursuing the implementation of results based management techniques in the public sector for over a decade. Leading this task is the Office of the Public Sector Development Commission (OPDC) which has been supporting various agencies and departments in undertaking a wide variety of results based management reforms, including key performance indicators, balanced scorecards, and individual performance bonuses, among others. This report summarizes the results of a two week fact finding mission and a one day workshop conducted by the Office of the Public Sector Development Commission (OPDC) of the Prime Minister's office in collaboration with the World Bank's Public Sector Performance Global Expert Team (PSP-GET) held on September 24, 2010 in Bangkok, Thailand. This report covers the main areas to consider in implementing a results based management system. The report provides an overview of Thailand's Results Based Management (RBM) system, with an emphasis on lessons from international experience in leveraging performance information to deliver results. Chapters on how to link performance with planning and budgeting, as well as an overview of incentives to improve performance are included. Each chapter is loosely structured in the following way: issues identified during discussions; relevant lessons from international experiences; and overall recommendations and findings of the PSP-GET.
- Published
- 2011
31. Poverty Reduction Support Credits : Benin Country Study
- Author
-
Horton, Brendan
- Subjects
STRUCTURAL REFORM ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,ANNUAL PERFORMANCE ,ANNUAL RATE ,FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES ,DEPOSIT ,SECTOR PROGRAMS ,INFLATION ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,FISCAL BALANCE ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION ,GOVERNMENT POLICY ,BUDGET SYSTEM ,SECTOR MINISTRY ,TRANCHES ,FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ,PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,REFORM AGENDA ,BUDGET PREPARATION CYCLE ,TRANSPARENCY ,REAL EXCHANGE RATE ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REFORM ,BUDGET CYCLE ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,EXPENDITURE PROGRAM ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES ,DEVALUATION ,BUDGET REFORM ,COUNTRY PROCUREMENT ASSESSMENT ,BUDGET SUPPORT OPERATIONS ,INFORMATION SYSTEM ,SWAP ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,PERFORMANCE AUDITS ,DECENTRALIZATION STRATEGY ,DISBURSEMENT ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,REFORM PROGRAM ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE ,CASH FLOW ,LENDING INSTRUMENTS ,CIVIL SERVICE REFORM ,PUBLIC AGENCIES ,DISBURSEMENTS ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,EXTERNAL SHOCKS ,INVESTMENT PROJECTS ,BUDGET YEAR ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY ,ADJUSTMENT LENDING ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,PORTFOLIO ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,RESOURCE FLOWS ,PERFORMANCE REPORTS ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,EXCHANGE RATE ,PERFORMANCE AUDITING ,INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT ,DEBT RELIEF ,MACROECONOMIC FRAMEWORK ,PRIVATE SECTOR GROWTH ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,SCHOOL FEES ,CONDITIONALITIES ,COUNTRY PROCUREMENT ,GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTS ,LOAN ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,DIAGNOSTIC WORK ,FISCAL RISKS ,ARTICLE ,DEVELOPMENT BANK ,EVALUATION CAPACITY ,TRADING ,FIDUCIARY ASSESSMENT ,DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,POVERTY REDUCTION SUPPORT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,EXPENDITURE PRIORITIES ,WAREHOUSE ,BANK POLICY ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,FINANCIAL TRANSFERS ,BASIC SERVICES ,ALLOCATION ,BUDGET FORMULATION ,QUALITY OF EDUCATION ,TRUST FUND ,PROGRAMS ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE ,SECTOR MINISTRIES ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,GENERAL BUDGET SUPPORT ,MINISTRY OF ECONOMY ,INSTRUMENT ,OUTCOME INDICATORS ,SECTOR BUDGETS ,FINANCIAL OPERATIONS ,PAYMENT DELAYS ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,GOVERNMENT FINANCE STATISTICS ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS ,FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE ,POVERTY REDUCING ,SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS ,CAPITAL INVESTMENT ,BORROWER ,ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ,TRANCHE ,BUDGET CREDIBILITY ,BUDGET MANAGEMENT ,SANITATION ,PUBLIC UTILITIES ,EVALUATION METHODOLOGY ,POVERTY ASSESSMENT ,GOVERNMENT FINANCE ,JUDICIAL SYSTEMS ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,BUDGET EXECUTION REPORTING ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,BUDGETARY IMPLICATIONS ,PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM ,BUDGET PREPARATION PROCESS ,CONSENSUS BUILDING ,FINANCIAL INFORMATION ,SECTORAL OBJECTIVES ,TOTAL EXPENDITURES ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,BUDGET LAW ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,BUDGETARY EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRACKING ,BUDGETARY PROCEDURES ,DONOR COORDINATION ,FISCAL AFFAIRS ,FOREIGN EXCHANGE ,PROGRAM BUDGETING ,REFORM OBJECTIVES ,ACCOUNTING ,FINANCES ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,FISCAL YEARS ,PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,POLICY FORMULATION ,RESOURCE AVAILABILITY ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,BUDGET INFORMATION ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,EXPENDITURES ,PERFORMANCE MONITORING ,GROWTH RATE ,MACROECONOMIC POLICY ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,BUDGET REPORTING ,CONDITIONALITY ,MONETARY FUND ,PRICE MOVEMENTS ,PROGRAM BUDGETS ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ,COUNTERPART FUNDS ,FISCAL CONSOLIDATION ,SHARE OF INVESTMENT ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,EXCHANGE RESERVES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT REFORM ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,DEBT SUSTAINABILITY ,HEALTH SERVICES ,GRANT PROGRAM ,STRUCTURAL REFORMS ,CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT - Abstract
Benin experienced a long period of political instability and economic challenges after achieving its independence in August 1960. In 1991 a new government initiated far-reaching reforms aimed at the creation of a market-based economy, resulting in significant liberalization of Benin's political and economic system. Growth fluctuated in the range of 4-6 percent until 2000, after which it began to trend downwards, fluctuating largely in response to variation in the exchange rate as well as to movement in the prices of cotton, Benin's main export, and oil, a major import. Benin benefited from support under the Environmental and Social Assessment Framework (ESAF) and Poverty Reduction and Growth (PRGF) facilities, the latter continuously since 1993. According to an independent ex-post review (International Monetary Fund 2004), program implementation during 1993-2003 was broadly successful. Real economic growth averaged 5 percent and fiscal consolidation improved as key initial challenges arising from the Government's low revenue collection and high wage bill were addressed. But overall progress in structural reform was mixed. Initial efforts to liberalize the economy and reduce government intervention were successful, and there was progress in introducing far-reaching reforms in the cotton sector. A new poverty reduction growth facility was approved in August 2005.
- Published
- 2010
32. Poverty Reduction Support Credits : Nicaragua Country Study
- Author
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Hinds, Manuel
- Subjects
MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE ,STRUCTURAL REFORM ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,UNCERTAINTY ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,EXTREME POVERTY ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,RURAL DEVELOPMENT ,ANNUAL RATE ,MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,ALLOCATION ,BUDGET FORMULATION ,INFLATION ,PROGRAMS ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,POOR COUNTRIES ,FISCAL DEFICIT ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,GENERAL BUDGET SUPPORT ,POOR ,PRICE STABILITY ,EXTERNAL AUDIT ,SOCIAL EXPENDITURES ,GOVERNMENT POLICY ,PUBLIC INVESTMENTS ,MUNICIPALITIES ,PROGRAM OBJECTIVES ,DUE DILIGENCE ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,FINANCIAL OPERATIONS ,CHRONIC MALNUTRITION ,POVERTY RATES ,SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION ,DEBT SERVICE ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN ,GOVERNMENT BONDS ,PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ,PRIVATE PENSION ,AUDITING ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,AID EFFECTIVENESS ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,ECONOMIC RECOVERY ,WAR ,REFORM AGENDA ,BUDGET PREPARATION CYCLE ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,POVERTY REDUCING ,BUDGETARY PROCESS ,MONETARY DISCIPLINE ,CAPITAL INVESTMENT ,FISCAL IMPLICATIONS ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUSTAINABLE REDUCTION OF POVERTY ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPERS ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,BUDGET CREDIBILITY ,BUDGET MANAGEMENT ,SANITATION ,RURAL FAMILIES ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES ,EXTERNAL DEBT ,FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION ,NATIONAL INCOME ,TOTAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,POVERTY ASSESSMENT ,CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM ,YEARLY BUDGET ,COUNTRY PROCUREMENT ASSESSMENT ,CIVIL SERVICE ,BUDGET SUPPORT OPERATIONS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,FISCAL ADJUSTMENT ,POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMS ,DRINKING WATER ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,REFORM PROGRAM ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,POVERTY-REDUCTION GOALS ,PUBLIC DEBT ,DEBT ,FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,PUBLIC ENTITIES ,TOTAL PUBLIC SECTOR ,HEALTH SECTOR ,SOCIAL SECURITY ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE ,PENSION REFORM ,NATIONAL AUTHORITIES ,INEQUALITY ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER ,PROGRAM DESIGN ,CENTRAL BANK ,FINANCIAL INFORMATION ,PUBLIC AGENCIES ,TOTAL EXPENDITURES ,POVERTY ASSESSMENTS ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,FISCAL DISCIPLINE ,POVERTY SITUATION ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRACKING ,GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES ,DONOR COORDINATION ,MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY ,POVERTY REDUCTION OBJECTIVES ,ADJUSTMENT LENDING ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,SOCIAL POLICIES ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,ACCOUNTING ,BUDGET SUPPORT ,PUBLIC SECTOR BUDGET ,RESOURCE FLOWS ,SOCIAL SERVICE ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,RURAL FAMILY ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,POLICY FORMULATION ,HEALTH PROBLEMS ,FINANCIAL SYSTEM ,FISCAL IMPACT ,FINANCE MINISTRY ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,ECONOMIC REFORM ,HEALTH CARE ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,POOR PEOPLE ,DEBT RELIEF ,MACROECONOMIC FRAMEWORK ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,POVERTY PROGRAMS ,BUDGET PLANNING ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,SECTOR EXPENDITURE ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,CONDITIONALITIES ,COUNTRY PROCUREMENT ,RURAL WATER ,FISCAL STABILITY ,COMMODITY PRICES ,EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,MACROECONOMIC POLICY ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT REPORT ,REFORM EFFORTS ,CIVIL SERVICE REFORMS ,DIAGNOSTIC WORK ,NET PRESENT VALUE ,MACROECONOMIC SITUATION ,CONDITIONALITY ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT LOANS ,EXTERNAL AID ,AGRICULTURAL SERVICES ,ELIMINATION OF POVERTY ,FOREIGN INVESTMENT ,PRIVATE FUNDS ,POOR HOUSEHOLDS ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ,BUDGETARY RESOURCES ,CIVIL SERVICE LAW ,POVERTY ALLEVIATION ,MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,DIVISION OF LABOR ,RURAL ,INCOME GROWTH ,PUBLIC EMPLOYEES ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT PROGRAM ,PUBLIC GOODS ,DEBT BURDEN ,FINANCIAL STRUCTURE ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,HEALTH SERVICES ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,STRUCTURAL REFORMS ,POVERTY REDUCTION SUPPORT ,LOCAL CURRENCY ,STABILIZATION POLICIES ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,RURAL ELECTRIFICATION - Abstract
Nicaragua's state domination of productive capacity from the late 1970s to 1990, coupled with the civil war of the 1980s, left the economy with hyperinflation, large fiscal and current account deficits, and an external debt that was six times gross domestic product. As a result, economic activity declined at a sharp rate. By 1993, per capita income had fallen by a full 60 percent from the 1977 level. By the early 1990s the country was receiving aid equivalent to more than 70 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Subsequent administrations tried to address the country's economic problems through fiscal and monetary discipline and market-oriented reforms to redefine the role of the state. There were some successes, for example, decisive government action reduced inflation to around 10 percent by 1995, but many reforms failed due to their slow pace and to continued political volatility. The Bank supported the reform agenda with two economic recovery credit operations in the early 1990s. The results were less positive than expected, as the government's capacity to privatize state-owned enterprises and otherwise reform the public sector wavered in the face of political instability. The lack of political consensus prompted the Bank to withdraw from structural adjustment lending for several years. An opening for re-engagement was provided in 2002 when, after several failed attempts, Nicaragua successfully implemented the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF). This allowed the Bank to respond to the government's request for assistance to close a financing gap through fast disbursing budget support in the form of a programmatic structural adjustment credit. While technically a structural adjustment loan, the credit supported objectives based on budget-based goals already attained in implementing a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), which had been prepared by the government in 2001. In this sense, the credit was the last structural adjustment loan and the precursor to the Poverty Reduction Support Credits (PRSCs).
- Published
- 2010
33. Implementing a Government-wide Monitoring and Evaluation System in South Africa
- Author
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Engela, Ronette and Ajam, Tania
- Subjects
END USERS ,ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES ,AUDITOR-GENERAL ,ANNUAL PERFORMANCE ,CAPABILITY ,PERFORMANCE AGREEMENTS ,VERIFICATION ,QUALITY ASSURANCE ,ANNUAL BUDGET ,INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ,GOVERNMENT POLICY ,PERFORMANCE INFORMATION ,MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS ,MUNICIPALITIES ,CENTRAL AGENCIES ,REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT ,TURNOVER RATES ,MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,INFORMATION FLOWS ,REFORM AGENDA ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REFORM ,EXPENDITURE DATA ,BASIC ,BASIC SERVICE ,ENTRY POINTS ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,EXPENDITURE PROGRAM ,PUBLIC INSTITUTION ,REFORM PROCESSES ,ANNUAL REPORTS ,BUDGET ALLOCATION ,BUSINESS PROCESSES ,INFORMATION SYSTEM ,COMPONENTS ,FISCAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD ,COPYRIGHT ,PERFORMANCE DATA ,MINISTER ,GOVERNMENT POLICIES ,KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE ,NATIONAL PRIORITIES ,DATA REQUIREMENTS ,TURNAROUND TIME ,AUDITOR ,PUBLIC AGENCIES ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES ,ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE ,ANNUAL REPORTING ,PERFORMANCE REPORTING ,BEST-PRACTICE ,QUALITY OF SERVICE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,BUDGET STRUCTURE ,RESULT ,CREDIBLE EVIDENCE ,OUTPUT MEASURES ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE ,IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS ,DECENTRALIZATION ,NETWORKS ,JUSTICE ,EXCHANGE RATE ,HEALTH CARE ,PERFORMANCE AUDITING ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,COLLECTED REVENUES ,CONFIDENCE ,INITIATIVE ,IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,WEBSITE ,MEMBER COUNTRIES ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESSES ,POLICY FRAMEWORK ,TARGETS ,IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSES ,REVENUE SOURCES ,USE PERFORMANCE INFORMATION ,EXTERNAL CONSULTANTS ,PUBLIC AUDIT ,PERFORMANCE MEASURES ,RESULTS ,CITIZEN SURVEYS ,CORRUPTION ,POLITICIANS ,PROGRAM PERFORMANCE ,PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT ,CREATION OF POLICIES ,PERFORMANCE TARGETS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,ANNUAL REPORT ,LEADERSHIP ,SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,TRANSACTION ,SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,REFORM STRATEGIES ,INVENTORY ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,BASIC SERVICES ,PROGRAMS ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,EARLY WARNING SYSTEM ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,OUTCOME INDICATORS ,CRIME ,LEGAL BASIS ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,INTEGRITY ,INVESTIGATIONS ,ASSETS ,INFORMATION SHARING ,METADATA ,COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,INFORMATION SERVICES ,USERS ,CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS ,SANCTIONS ,CAPACITY-BUILDING ,FACSIMILE ,DEMOCRACY ,APPLICATION OF INFORMATION ,HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ,MEDIA ,SANITATION ,EVALUATION METHODOLOGY ,STRATEGIC PLANS ,INSTITUTION ,PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ,CIVIL SERVICE ,DELIVERY TIMES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION PROCESS ,OUTCOME MEASURES ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,PUBLIC ENTITIES ,MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ,PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,TELEPHONE ,INNOVATION ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,MINISTERS ,ELECTRICITY ,BUDGET DECISION ,DATA SOURCES ,ACTION PLAN ,HARMONIZATION ,ACCOUNTING ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,APPROPRIATIONS ,POLICY FORMULATION ,BUDGET REFORMS ,USES ,STRATEGIC POLICY ,USER ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,ANNUAL BUDGETS ,PERFORMANCE CULTURE ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,SUPPLY CHAIN ,CUSTOM ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,DATA QUALITY ,PERFORMANCE BUDGETING ,PROTOCOLS ,PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,CIVIL SERVANT ,PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS ,DATA MANAGEMENT ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,PERFORMANCE MONITORING ,ACCOUNTABILITY RELATIONSHIPS ,DATA MINING ,REGISTERS ,INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES ,ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ,MATERIAL ,BASELINE DATA ,PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ,DATA AVAILABILITY ,FINANCE MANAGEMENT ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,PUBLIC WORKS ,DATABASE INFORMATION ,PUBLIC SECTOR EFFICIENCY ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION DECISIONS ,COMMUNITIES ,DATA COLLECTION ,ETHICS ,HUMAN RESOURCE ,FUNCTIONALITY ,TRAINING COURSES - Abstract
Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is an extremely complex, multidisciplinary and skill intensive endeavor. Government-wide M&E is even more so because it requires detailed knowledge across and within sectors, as well as of interactions among planning, budgeting, and implementation functions in the public sector. The situation is complicated even further when the machinery of government is decentralized, with powers and functions distributed across three spheres of government. This paper outlines the process of implementing a government-wide monitoring and evaluation (GWM&E) system in South Africa. The first section sketches the context that created the impetus for establishing such a system. This context is clearly shaping the evolution of the system and influencing its longer-term sustainability. The second section outlines the various stages of conceptualizing and implementing the GWM&E system, which is currently very much a 'work in progress.' The third section reviews international experiences for lessons learned, which may also be germane to the South African context, noting similarities and differences in approach. Some of the critical implementation factors relate to the role of political leadership and championing of M&E, incentives for promoting usage of M&E findings, dealing with information and data constraints, capacity building, "ownership" of the M&E system by line ministries and other agencies, and managing the challenges of change. The fourth section examines a range of challenges and difficulties encountered in South Africa. The final section reflects on lessons distilled from the South African experience to date.
- Published
- 2010
34. Synthesis of Review of Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Mauritania
- Author
-
Bouri, Mazen, Nankobogo, Francois, and Frederick, Rich
- Subjects
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ,LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY ,FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY ,DECISION-MAKING ,LEGAL DISPUTES ,PRIVATE OWNERSHIP ,COMMODITIES ,SHAREHOLDERS ,LIQUIDATION ,GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION ,GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS ,LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY ,INFORMAL SECTOR ,INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ,PENSION ,REMOTE LOCATION ,COUNCIL OF MINISTERS ,FRAUD ,INTERNAL CONTROL ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,AUDITORS ,DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,TRANSPARENCY ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,MISMANAGEMENT ,PRIME MINISTER ,PENSIONS ,GOVERNANCE REFORMS ,DEPOSITS ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,POLITICAL INFLUENCE ,STATE AGENCIES ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ,TAX COLLECTIONS ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,IMPLICIT GUARANTEES ,MINORITY SHAREHOLDER ,REFORM PROGRAM ,SOCIAL OUTCOMES ,INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICE ,CONSENSUS ,PROFITABILITY ,LOCAL CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,BANK FAILURE ,MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,STATE ENTERPRISES ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,FOREIGN BANK ,AUDITS ,INSOLVENCY ,PORTFOLIO ,BANKRUPTCY ,FRAUDULENT ACTIVITIES ,SOCIAL POLICIES ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,STATE BUDGETS ,CONSOLIDATION ,JUDICIARY ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE REFORMS ,MONOPOLY ,ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,EXCHANGE RATE ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,EQUITY CAPITAL ,INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,BOND ,BANKS ,DECISION MAKING PROCESSES ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,PRIVATIZATION ,MOBILE PHONE ,POOR PERFORMANCE ,STATE INTERVENTION ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,POOR GOVERNANCE ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,REGULATORY OVERSIGHT ,SOCIAL CONDITIONS ,HARD BUDGET CONSTRAINTS ,FOREIGN INVESTMENT ,PERFORMANCE MEASURES ,FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ,POVERTY ALLEVIATION ,DYSFUNCTIONAL GOVERNANCE ,LAWS ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY ,POLITICAL PARTIES ,AFFILIATE ,PRIVATIZATIONS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ,MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,TAX ,FINANCIAL DATA ,FOREIGN INVESTORS ,INVENTORY ,DEVELOPING COUNTRY ,TRADE UNIONS ,CAPITAL STRUCTURE ,EXCHANGE RATES ,PRIVATE INVESTMENTS ,GOVERNMENT AGENCY ,STATE OWNERSHIP ,BANK LENDING ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP ,INSOLVENT ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,SHAREHOLDER ,AUDITING ,BOARDS OF DIRECTORS ,INFORMATION SHARING ,POLITICAL COMMITMENT ,RAPID GROWTH ,REPRESENTATIVES ,DEMOCRACY ,CLIENT COUNTRIES ,GOVERNANCE PRACTICES ,POLLUTION ,DECREES ,DEVELOPMENT FINANCE ,FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ,DECISION MAKING ,GOVERNANCE PROBLEMS ,NATIONAL ECONOMY ,PARTICULAR COUNTRIES ,VOTING ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,INSOLVENCY PROCEDURES ,LEGAL INSTITUTIONS ,FORMAL EMPLOYMENT ,PUBLIC OPINION ,MANAGERIAL AUTONOMY ,COMPETITIVE MARKETS ,DECISION MAKING STRUCTURES ,VESTED INTERESTS ,OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,CENTRAL BANK ,DISCLOSURE ,GOVERNMENT BUDGETS ,DIVIDENDS ,FINANCIAL INFORMATION ,AUTHORITY ,LEGAL STRUCTURES ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,MINISTERS ,INSURANCE POLICY ,GOVERNANCE ISSUES ,NATIONALIZATION ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK ,KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,DECREE ,POLITICAL INTERFERENCE ,PRIVATE BANKS ,MINISTRIES OF FINANCE ,PERFORMANCE CRITERIA ,ACCOUNTING ,LIBERALIZATION ,FINANCE MINISTRIES ,INCENTIVE STRUCTURES ,STATE PARTICIPATION ,CONFLICT OF INTEREST ,FISCAL REVENUES ,CAPITAL RATIO ,STATE ASSETS ,PRIVATE INVESTORS ,INSURANCE ,CITIZEN ,TURNOVER ,EXTERNAL AUDITORS ,REGULATOR ,TREASURY ,LEGAL FORM ,MARKET PRICE ,FOREIGN COMPANY ,LEGAL REFORM ,MINORITY SHAREHOLDER PROTECTIONS ,PUBLIC POLICY ,INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES ,MONOPOLIES ,LEGISLATION ,COMPETITIVE MARKET ,PROBLEM LOANS ,SOCIAL PERFORMANCE ,ANTI-CORRUPTION ,GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT ,PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ,CORPORATE BOND ,EXTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,REGULATORS ,STATE AGENCY ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,STATE SECTOR ,STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,LOCAL BUSINESS ,INTEREST RATE ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,DATA COLLECTION ,LEVEL PLAYING FIELD - Abstract
This synthesis paper is based on a review of three countries in West Africa-Burkina Faso, Mali, and Mauritania where state owned enterprises (SOEs) continue to play an important role and Governments have embarked on a number of public sector reforms are intended to have a positive impact on SOEs. SOE governance practices and problems are having strong similarities in all of the countries reviewed. These commonalities can be ascribed to the fact that all of the countries are transitioning from centrally controlled economic and political traditions to more liberal economies and to a more democratic government. All are facing challenges with implementing the legal structures left behind from colonial times. The data that is available shows that wholly-owned and state controlled SOEs under perform. Many are technically insolvent and survive only through government support. Their performance is not only poor in the financial area but also in the provision of needed social services. The country studies link the poor performance of SOEs, in particular wholly-owned SOEs, to their governance practices. Long-lasting reforms are not simply a matter of plugging holes in the legislative or institutional framework. Corporate governance is the result of a complex interplay of law, practice, institutions and culture. Action plans need to take into account incentives and the political, social and cultural context of corporate governance in the country in addition to the legal framework. Indeed, SOE governance is a system and making it work better requires a systems approach. Most reform plans in the past have focused on one or another element of SOE governance, which might explain why many have fallen short of hopes and expectations. Systems approaches, on the other hand, are important in complex organizations (such as SOEs) whose success depends upon the interaction and cooperation of other organizations and institutions. This synthesis paper presents the objectives and the methodology used in carrying out the reviews followed by a discussion of the features and importance of SOEs in each of the countries studied. It then segues into a discussion on the performance of SOEs which is supplemented by case studies of both successful and unsuccessful SOEs and key lessons learned the paper then presents the current Government initiatives for reform and the remaining challenges and recommendations. The paper concludes with suggestions on how to implement the recommendations based on examples from other countries that have embarked on comprehensive governance reforms for the SOE sector.
- Published
- 2010
35. PETS-QSDS in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Stocktaking Study
- Author
-
Gauthier, Bernard
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES ,SOCIAL PROGRAMS ,CAPITATION ,BUDGET ESTIMATES ,RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION ,POLICY REFORM ,PUBLIC FUNDING ,ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS ,POLICY MAKERS ,MEDICAL PRODUCTS ,WORKERS ,SUB-NATIONAL ,DISTRICT OFFICIAL ,SERVICE PROVIDERS ,SOCIAL INDICATORS ,MORAL HAZARD ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,ENTITLEMENTS ,HIV/AIDS ,INFORMATION FLOWS ,POLICY REFORMS ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,REFORM AGENDA ,SECONDARY SCHOOLS ,BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS ,DISTRICT BUDGET ,TRANSPARENCY ,MISMANAGEMENT ,EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC SPENDING ,EXPENDITURE DATA ,BUDGET TRANSFERS ,HEALTH SERVICE ,DECENTRALIZATION POLICIES ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,PATIENT ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,SERVICE QUALITY ,INVESTMENT BUDGET ,ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ,HEALTH FACILITIES ,DISCRETIONARY FUNDS ,SERVICE PROVIDER ,BUDGET ALLOCATION ,DATA ENTRY ,DISTRICTS ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,BASIC HEALTH SERVICES ,MEDICAL SUPPLIES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,INTENDED BENEFICIARIES ,EFFICIENCY OF SERVICE DELIVERY ,HOSPITALS ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,ABSENTEEISM ,QUANTITATIVE SERVICE DELIVERY ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE ,LEVEL OF PUBLIC SPENDING ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,DISTRICT HEALTH ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY ,POVERTY REDUCTION OBJECTIVES ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,RESOURCE FLOWS ,DISTRICT OFFICIALS ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,BUDGETARY ALLOCATION ,DISTRICT EDUCATION ,ALLOCATION OF FUNDS ,DECENTRALIZATION ,HEALTH CARE ,EDUCATION SYSTEM ,DISTRICT OFFICES ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEMS ,SCHOOL FEES ,HEALTH CARE SYSTEM ,DEFICIENT ACCOUNTING ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,MULTILATERAL DONORS ,BUDGETARY RESOURCES ,POLITICIANS ,CASH TRANSFERS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,HEALTH CARE FACILITIES ,FINANCIAL FLOWS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE ,PROVINCE ,PROVINCIAL LEVELS ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,SOCIAL WELFARE ,ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,FINANCIAL TRANSFERS ,BASIC SERVICES ,MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,SCHOOL SYSTEMS ,ALLOCATION ,HEALTH CENTERS ,QUALITY OF EDUCATION ,PROGRAMS ,EXPENDITURE ALLOCATION ,PROVINCES ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,SALARY PAYMENTS ,QUALITY OF HEALTH ,PROCUREMENT PROCESS ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ,OUTCOME INDICATORS ,FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS ,MEDICINES ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,BUDGETARY INFORMATION ,DEMAND FOR HEALTH CARE ,PRINCIPAL-AGENT ,FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS ,MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ,DISTRICT ,EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC SPENDING ,ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ,HEALTH SPENDING ,BUDGET MANAGEMENT ,SANITATION ,SERVICE FACILITIES ,PUBLIC EDUCATION ,WAGE EXPENDITURES ,CAPITATION GRANT ,PATIENTS ,IMPACT EVALUATIONS ,FINANCIAL CAPACITY ,HEALTH UNITS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,MORTALITY ,DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION ,DONOR FUNDING ,EXPENDITURE ALLOCATIONS ,HEALTH CLINICS ,INFORMATION FLOW ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,CLINICS ,ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION ,HEALTH SECTOR ,PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,WAGE EXPENDITURE ,QUANTITATIVE DATA ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRACKING ,HEALTH ADMINISTRATION ,PUBLIC FUNDS ,ACCOUNTING ,BUDGET SUPPORT ,PERFORMANCE OF GOVERNMENT ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,FISCAL YEARS ,MINISTRY OF HEALTH ,PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM ,SOCIAL SERVICE ,SERVICE FACILITY ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES ,DISTRICT ADMINISTRATIONS ,IMMUNIZATION ,HEALTH INDICATORS ,INFORMATION ASYMMETRY ,HEALTH WORKERS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION ,DISTRICT LEVEL ,PUBLIC HEALTH CARE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,DATA QUALITY ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURES ,BUDGET INFORMATION ,SERVICE PROVISION ,DISCRETIONARY EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,PRIMARY SCHOOLS ,ACCOUNTABILITY RELATIONSHIPS ,QUALITY OF SERVICES ,EDUCATION EXPENDITURES ,DISPENSARIES ,BASELINE DATA ,POLICY-MAKERS ,HEALTH EXPENDITURES ,PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,HEALTH SERVICES ,GRANT PROGRAM ,SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEM ,BUDGETING PROCESS ,DATA COLLECTION ,HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY - Abstract
This study examines Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) and Quantitative Service Delivery Survey (QSDS) carried out in Africa with the objective of assessing their approaches, main findings, and contributions. Section 2 investigates the context, motivations, and objectives of PETS and QSDS that have been carried out in Sub-Saharan Africa. Section 3 examines the institutional arrangements for resource allocation and service delivery in social sectors. Section 4 presents some of the main findings of tracking surveys. Section 5 analyzes methodological approaches used in previous tracking surveys in order to identify factors that could explain the difference in past surveys' success, and identify potential methodological harmonization. Section 6 presents a series of good practice principles that arise from past experience, and discusses how they could be implemented. Section 7 proposes potential future surveys and endeavors.
- Published
- 2010
36. Evaluation of Government Performance and Public Policies in Spain
- Author
-
Feinstein, Osvaldo and Zapico-Goni, Eduardo
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,CITIES ,UNCERTAINTY ,DECISION-MAKING ,CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITURE ,EXPENDITURE POLICIES ,ALLOCATION ,QUALITATIVE TOOLS ,REGIONAL GOVERNMENT ,PROGRAM ANALYSIS ,SECTOR PROGRAMS ,NATIONAL PARKS ,PROGRAMS ,QUALITY ASSURANCE ,EMPLOYMENT ,EXPENDITURE POLICY ,SECTOR MINISTRIES ,ANNUAL BUDGET ,MINISTRY OF ECONOMY ,FISCAL RULES ,HEALTH PROGRAMS ,EXTERNAL AUDIT ,PUBLIC BUDGET ,PERFORMANCE INFORMATION ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,MUNICIPALITIES ,CAP ,SCENARIOS ,SECTOR MINISTRY ,PRIVATE INSURANCE ,PUBLIC SECTORS ,SERVICE PROVIDERS ,RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS ,AUDITING ,INTERNAL CONTROL ,PERFORMANCE AUDIT ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,ENTITLEMENTS ,POLICY DECISIONS ,AUDITORS ,IMPACT ASSESSMENT ,SUPREME AUDIT INSTITUTIONS ,BUDGET DOCUMENTS ,INTEGRATION ,INTERVENTIONS ,PERFORMANCE REFORMS ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,TRANSPARENCY ,STATED OBJECTIVES ,BUDGETARY PROCESS ,EVALUATION CAN ,COMPETENCIES ,ANNUAL BUDGETING ,FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,SERVICE QUALITY ,EXPENDITURE PROGRAM ,PUBLIC EDUCATION ,QUALITY CONTROL ,SECTOR POLICY ,IMPACT EVALUATIONS ,METHODOLOGIES ,VALIDITY ,STATE AGENCIES ,BUDGET REFORM ,ANNUAL DEFICITS ,EX-POST EVALUATION ,PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ,BUDGET ALLOCATION ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,PERFORMANCE AUDITS ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,EXPENDITURE PROGRAMS ,REFORM PROGRAM ,PUBLIC DEBT ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,BUDGETARY DECISIONS ,PUBLIC ENTITIES ,SCIENCES ,BUDGETARY IMPLICATIONS ,DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES ,TOTAL PUBLIC SECTOR ,PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS ,PERFORMANCE BUDGET ,SOCIAL SECURITY ,GOVERNMENT POLICIES ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,ACCOUNTABILITY FOR RESULTS ,EVALUATORS ,METHODOLOGY ,EVALUATION STANDARDS ,EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT ,SELF-ASSESSMENT ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTS ,EVALUATION ACTIVITIES ,QUALITY OF PUBLIC SERVICES ,REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,QUALITY MANAGEMENT ,PROGRAM EVALUATION ,SOCIAL POLICY ,MUSEUMS ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,REFORM PLAN ,IMPACT EVALUATION ,RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS ,STRUCTURAL POLICIES ,PERFORMANCE REPORTING ,NEGOTIATION ,EVALUATION GUIDELINES ,INTERVIEWS ,SOCIAL POLICIES ,BUDGETARY PROGRAMS ,ACCOUNTING ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,PUBLIC SECTOR BUDGET ,NATIONAL AGENCY ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,EVALUATION PRACTICES ,BUDGET DECISIONS ,APPROPRIATIONS ,POLICY FORMULATION ,BUDGET REFORMS ,MINISTRY OF CULTURE ,STATE BUDGET ,GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE ,BUDGET REQUESTS ,EVALUATION RESULTS ,FISCAL POLICY ,PROBABILITY ,PUBLIC MANAGERS ,ANNUAL PLANS ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,EDUCATION SYSTEM ,PRIVATE SECTOR INSTITUTIONS ,PERFORMANCE CULTURE ,M&E SYSTEMS ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,RESEARCHERS ,BUDGET COMMISSION ,FORECASTS ,EXAMINATIONS ,PERFORMANCE BUDGETING ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,SERVICE PROVISION ,SCENARIO ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,ECONOMIC POLICY ,LEARNING ,TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,QUALITY OF SERVICES ,PUBLIC POLICIES ,POLICY INITIATIVES ,SOCIAL FUNDS ,ARTICLE ,FISCAL POLICIES ,PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ,FINANCE MANAGEMENT ,EVALUATION CAPACITY ,BUDGET PROCESS ,PERFORMANCE MEASURES ,STATE AGENCY ,BUDGETARY RESOURCES ,TRANSPARENT MANAGEMENT ,REGIONAL FUNDS ,NATIONAL POLICIES ,CORRUPTION ,EVALUATION METHODS ,BUDGET DISCUSSIONS ,PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT ,BUDGETARY NEGOTIATIONS ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,PUBLIC INTERVENTION ,BUDGET PROPOSALS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,ANNUAL REPORT ,BUDGETARY POLICIES ,PUBLIC SECTOR EFFICIENCY ,PERSONNEL EXPENDITURES ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,BUDGETING PROCESS ,EXPENDITURE ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT - Abstract
This paper covers selective aspects of Spain's experience in evaluating government performance and public policies. Rather than a cohesive evaluation system, there is instead a constellation of organizations, with evaluation mandates and/or practices, which are not interrelated. These organizations and their respective practices have been evolving without coordination over the past three decades. An evaluation culture is slowly emerging, amid different conceptual approaches used by different organizations that are managing and/or conducting evaluations. Evaluation activity has been taking place in Spain for years, with a marked acceleration and qualitative shift since 2005. Despite Spain's standing as an Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country as well as a European Union (EU) country, it still has not developed a consolidated evaluation system. This fact points out how long-term and complex is the task of institutionalizing an evaluation system. Finally, this paper contains several website addresses where readers can obtain additional information on aspects of the paper that most interest them and to follow the Spanish experience as it unfolds.
- Published
- 2010
37. Poverty Reduction Support Credits : Ghana Country Study
- Author
-
Kavalsky, Basil and Hartmann, Arntraud
- Subjects
BUDGET FRAMEWORK ,STRUCTURAL REFORM ,BANK POLICY ,EXPENDITURES ON HEALTH ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,EDUCATION BUDGET ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,AUDITOR-GENERAL ,BUDGETARY SYSTEMS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,TRADE UNIONS ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,ANNUAL PERFORMANCE ,HEALTH INSURANCE ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT ,GOVERNMENT DEBT ,HEALTH CENTERS ,PUBLIC FUNDING ,RESOURCE LEVELS ,TRUST FUND ,INFLATION ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,PROGRAMS ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,PROGRAM OUTCOMES ,PUBLIC SECTOR SPENDING ,CIVIL LIBERTIES ,SECTOR MINISTRIES ,GENERAL BUDGET SUPPORT ,BANK LENDING ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,HEALTH PROGRAMS ,BENEFICIARIES ,SOCIAL EXPENDITURES ,INSTRUMENT ,PUBLIC BUDGET ,GOVERNMENT POLICY ,ASSESSMENT PROCESS ,GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKET ,OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY ,TRANCHES ,DONOR ASSISTANCE ,EXPENDITURE CONTROLS ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,EDUCATION SPENDING ,HEALTH FINANCING SYSTEM ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,REFORM AGENDA ,TRANSPARENCY ,REFORM PROCESS ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,POVERTY REDUCING ,POVERTY-REDUCING EXPENDITURE ,BANK PORTFOLIO ,LIVING STANDARDS ,BUDGET CYCLE ,BORROWER ,BORROWING CAPACITY ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,TRANCHE ,FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS ,SANITATION ,PUBLIC EDUCATION ,QUALITY CONTROL ,CAPITATION GRANT ,FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES ,HEALTH INSURANCE FUND ,CIVIL SERVICE ,BUDGET SUPPORT OPERATIONS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,EDUCATION SERVICES ,INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS ,ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,DISBURSEMENT ,DONOR FUNDING ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,REFORM PROGRAM ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,INCOME LEVELS ,AUDIT SYSTEMS ,DEVOLUTION OF RESPONSIBILITIES ,TOTAL PUBLIC SECTOR ,HEALTH SECTOR ,PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM ,FUNGIBLE ,LENDING INSTRUMENTS ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTS ,BUDGETARY REFORMS ,MACRO-STABILITY ,CIVIL SERVICE REFORM ,TOTAL EXPENDITURES ,DISBURSEMENTS ,CAPITAL MARKET ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,BUDGETARY EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRACKING ,SECTORAL POLICIES ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,ACCESS TO SAFE WATER ,DONOR COORDINATION ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY ,ADJUSTMENT LENDING ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES ,INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC FUNDS ,DONOR INFLOWS ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION ,ACCOUNTING ,CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,BUDGET SUPPORT ,RESOURCE FLOWS ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,POLICY FORMULATION ,BUDGET OUTCOMES ,DECENTRALIZATION ,FINANCE MINISTRY ,HEALTH CARE ,EXTRA BUDGETARY FUNDS ,TELECOMMUNICATIONS ,DEBT RELIEF ,DONOR FUNDS ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,BUDGETARY MANAGEMENT ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,REALLOCATIONS ,SERVICE PROVISION ,PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,ECONOMIC POLICY ,FISCAL IMBALANCES ,LOAN ,EDUCATION POLICIES ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,DIAGNOSTIC WORK ,HEALTH FINANCING ,SECTOR BUDGET ,EDUCATION EXPENDITURES ,ANNUAL REVIEWS ,CONDITIONALITY ,PUBLIC SCHOOLS ,MONETARY FUND ,COMPOSITION OF EXPENDITURES ,REVENUE SOURCES ,DEVELOPMENT BANK ,BUDGET PROCESS ,PERFORMANCE MEASURES ,PROGRAM BUDGETS ,SOCIAL BENEFITS ,HEALTH EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ,BUDGETARY RESOURCES ,DECENTRALIZATION PROGRAM ,OUTCOME MEASURE ,DIVISION OF LABOR ,FISCAL PROBLEMS ,ACHIEVEMENT OF OUTCOMES ,BUDGETING ,STRATEGIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,FISCAL POSITION ,PERFORMANCE REVIEW ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,MONITOR PERFORMANCE ,SOCIAL INSURANCE ,BUDGET DISCUSSIONS ,PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT REFORM ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,HEALTH SERVICES ,POVERTY REDUCTION SUPPORT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,EXPENDITURE ,INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL ,TRANSACTION - Abstract
The Poverty Reduction Support Credit (PRSC) instrument was put to use at an opportune juncture in 2003 when, after a period of economic crisis, macroeconomic stability had been restored to Ghana and a reform process had been mapped out. The Bank used this instrument to signal strong support to the Government for the reform process, which was at risk of being derailed in the run up to the 2004 elections. The PRSC was perceived as a clear departure from previous adjustment lending, which was characterized by acrimonious negotiation of conditions. Following independence from Britain some 50 years ago, Ghana experienced rapid economic growth, spurred by commodity exports and industrialization linked to import-substitution policies. But by the early 1980s, standards of living had declined sharply, and Ghana had joined the ranks of other low-income African countries. Ghana's economic reform program, launched in 1983, marked a notable change in policy direction and a shift from a state-controlled economy to a more market-driven system. Ghana made progress in regaining macroeconomic stability and achieved its Highly Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative completion point by 2004. Even so, progress was uneven, and the economy remained vulnerable. Ghana was among Africa's top 10 performers in the 2008 doing business report, and its ranking on corruption indicators is the best of low-income African countries. A recent national survey found that 75 percent of households regard corruption as a serious national problem, and 80 believe it has worsened in recent years.
- Published
- 2010
38. Promoting Transparency, Integrity and Accountability in the Water and Sanitation Sector in Uganda
- Author
-
Jacobson, Maria, Mutono, Sam, Nielsen, Erik, O'Leary, Donal, and Rop, Rosemary
- Subjects
WATER CONSUMPTION ,WATER UTILITY ,CONNECTIONS POLICY ,WATER REGULATION ,CONTRACT AWARD ,DECISION-MAKING ,WATER OPERATORS ,PERSONAL GAIN ,CHANNEL ,CONTRACT MANAGEMENT ,SEWERAGE SERVICE ,BEST PRACTICE ,RURAL WATER SUPPLY ,WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES ,LARGE TOWNS ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,GRAND´ CORRUPTION ,INSTITUTIONAL WEAKNESSES ,BRIBE ,NATIONS ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,SEWERAGE CORPORATION ,WATER AUTHORITIES ,LOCAL PRIVATE SECTOR ,WATER USER COMMITTEES ,INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,CONSTITUTION ,INTEGRITY ,WATER POLICY ,ASSETS ,PROCUREMENT ,CONFLICTS OF INTEREST ,BRIBES ,REPRESENTATIVES ,SANCTIONS ,WATER POINTS ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ,WATER USER ,CORRUPT ,ADEQUATE SANITATION ,MEDIA ,UTILITY STAFF ,AFFLUENT ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,PROVISION OF WATER SUPPLY ,SANITATION SECTOR ,CORRUPTION ACT ,GOVERNMENT ACTION ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,SERVICE PROVIDER ,LOCAL LEVEL INSTITUTIONS ,GOVERNMENT STRATEGY ,WATER SERVICES ,BRIBERY ,FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT CAPACITY ,CLEAN WATER ,MINISTER ,ANTI CORRUPTION ,PROSECUTION ,GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ,WATER SECTOR ,PETTY CORRUPTION ,CORRUPTION PERCEPTION ,AUTHORITY ,AUDITOR ,SANITATION FACILITIES ,WATER SERVICE PROVIDERS ,ANTICORRUPTION STRATEGIES ,NATIONAL INTEGRITY ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,DECISION-MAKERS ,ZERO TOLERANCE ,ACCESS TO SAFE WATER ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,POLITICAL INTERFERENCE ,CITIZENS ,SANITATION SERVICES ,ANTICORRUPTION PLANS ,CORRUPT PRACTICES ,WATER DEVELOPMENT ,CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX ,WATER PROJECTS ,ACCOUNTING ,CODES OF CONDUCT ,SAFE WATER ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,SEWERAGE COMPANY ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,REGULATORY AGENCY ,WATER SUPPLIERS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS ,UTILITY POLICY ,HOUSEHOLDS ,CONFIDENCE ,INITIATIVE ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,SERVICE PROVISION ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,URBAN WATER ,RURAL WATER ,PROVISION OF WATER ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,WATER FACILITIES ,ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY ,EXECUTION ,LEGISLATION ,POOR GOVERNANCE ,UTILITIES ,WATER SERVICE ,ANTI-CORRUPTION ACTIONS ,COMPLAINTS ,ANTI-CORRUPTION ,GOVERNMENT SERVICES ,ABUSE ,WATER PROVIDERS ,ANTICORRUPTION ,CORRUPTION ,POLITICIANS ,WATER SUPPLY ,SEWER SYSTEM ,PRIVATE OPERATORS ,BIDDING ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,WATER AFFAIRS ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATIONS ,WATER RESOURCES ,URBAN AREAS ,ALLOCATION OF WATER ,LEADERSHIP ,SMALL TOWNS ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ETHICS - Abstract
Uganda has placed the fight against corruption high on the development agenda by establishing a range of anti-corruption institutions and strategies. The Uganda third National Integrity Survey, released in 2008 by the Inspectorate of Government, recommended that if Uganda was to make real progress in tackling corruption nationwide, individual sectors would need to undertake sector-specific studies to identify best practice and facilitate scaling-up of anti-corruption efforts. In that year, the good governance sub-sector working group, chaired by the Ministry of Water and Environment, commissioned a water integrity study to establish how citizens in both rural and urban areas contractors, private operators, local government officials and staff from the main water utility experience integrity in the provision of water services. The study would also facilitate development of an updated action plan to address integrity risks. This note describes the key ingredients to putting in place a nationwide good governance action plan in Uganda's water sector, the challenges to be overcome and lessons learned to date. The implications for practice are discussed from the perspectives of policy makers, regulators and ombudsmen, development partners, water service providers and civil society actors. This provides guidance for the replication of best practice by stakeholders in other countries and sectors.
- Published
- 2010
39. A Handbook for Tax Simplification
- Author
-
International Finance Corporation, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, and World Bank
- Subjects
TAX PROVISIONS ,TAX EXEMPTIONS ,TAX LIABILITIES ,POLICY REFORM ,INFLATION ,TAX PURPOSES ,COST OF FUNDS ,EXPROPRIATION ,POLICY MAKERS ,TAX COMPLIANCE COSTS ,INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ,TAX INSTRUMENTS ,FISCAL SPACE ,ECONOMIC STRUCTURES ,PERSONAL INCOME ,SUB-NATIONAL ,JUSTICE SYSTEM ,DEMOCRACIES ,TAX REFORMS ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,ADDED TAX ,MEDIUM ENTERPRISE ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,POLL TAX ,SMALL ENTERPRISE ,PROGRESSIVE TAXATION ,EXCHANGE COMMISSION ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,TRANSPARENCY ,ESTATE TAX ,TAX AVOIDANCE ,CORPORATE INVESTMENT ,TAX LIABILITY ,INCOMES ,INTERNAL REVENUE ,HOLDING ,INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ,TAX POLICY ,SMALL BUSINESSES ,TAX OFFICES ,TAX EXPENDITURES ,TAXATION REVENUES ,TAX CODES ,INDIRECT TAXATION ,INFORMATION SYSTEM ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,TAX COLLECTIONS ,BARRIER ,CORPORATE INCOME TAX ,EXPORT ,AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT ,CAPITAL OWNERS ,LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS ,FUNGIBLE ,CASH FLOW ,STATUTORY TAX ,BUSINESS TAXES ,INTERNAL AUDITS ,TAX RATE ,TAX SYSTEMS ,TAX OBLIGATION ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,COLLECTION PROCESS ,TAX REGIMES ,POLITICAL UNREST ,BANKRUPTCY ,TAX OBLIGATIONS ,BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,TAX BASE ,LENDERS ,POLITICAL SYSTEM ,LEGAL SYSTEM ,TAXATION ,TAX EVADERS ,TAX PAYMENTS ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,STAMP DUTIES ,EFFICIENCY OF TAXATION ,FISCAL POLICY ,POLL TAXES ,TAXABLE INCOME ,JUDGMENT ,TAX BURDEN ,TAX PROCEDURES ,TRANSFER PRICING ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,TAX REVENUES ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,TAX INCREASES ,BANK CREDIT ,TAX COLLECTION PROCESS ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ,SECURITIES ,REDISTRIBUTION ,TAX LAWS ,EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES ,TAX ON CONSUMPTION ,REVENUE SOURCES ,SUBNATIONAL ,FOREIGN INVESTMENT ,ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ,COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER ,COMPLIANCE COST ,HYPOTHECATION ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,CREDIT MARKETS ,TRADE TAXES ,SOCIAL CAPITAL ,TAXABLE ACTIVITIES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,TAX POLICIES ,POTENTIAL INVESTORS ,FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS ,TAX EVASION ,TAX SYSTEM ,TRANSACTION ,INTERNATIONAL TAX LAWS ,TAX COMPLIANCE ,TAX ,INVENTORY ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ,TREATIES ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,JUDICIAL PROCESSES ,FINANCE CORPORATION ,BUSINESS RISK ,EASE OF DOING BUSINESS ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,EFFECTIVE TAX RATES ,CORPORATION TAX ,INSTRUMENT ,ESTIMATED TAX ,TAX AUTHORITIES ,CAPITAL GAIN ,CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ,CIVIL WAR ,RULE OF LAW ,TAX STRUCTURES ,POLITICAL POWER ,TAX RETURN ,TAXPAYER ,LONG-TERM CAPITAL ,POLITICAL STABILITY ,POLITICAL ECONOMIES ,TAX LAW ,POLICY DECISIONS ,TAX SIMPLIFICATION ,SETTLEMENT ,TAX COLLECTION ,FEDERAL BUDGET ,PAYMENT SYSTEM ,MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ,FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ,WITHHOLDING TAXES ,DEMOCRACY ,TAX REFORM ,TAX STRUCTURE ,COLLECTIVE ACTION PROBLEM ,INFORMAL ECONOMY ,TAX REVENUE ,LAND HOLDINGS ,COLLECTIVE ACTION ,VALUE ADDED TAX ,LEVIES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,TAX STATUTES ,TAX OFFICIALS ,SALES TAX ,INEFFICIENT STATE ,DEBT ,TAX RETURNS ,APARTHEID ,INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT ,BUSINESS TAX ,COMPETITIVE MARKETS ,MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES ,CAPITAL LOSS ,JURISDICTIONS ,RENTS ,FREE TRADE ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE ,TAX CHANGES ,CDS ,ELECTRONIC CASH ,TAX INCENTIVES ,FEDERAL CONSTITUTION ,PROPERTY TAXES ,TURNOVER TAX ,TAXPAYERS ,FLAT TAX ,ACCOUNTING ,TAX COST ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,USE TAX ,ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,DEDUCTIONS ,OUTPUT ,COST OF COLLECTION ,RATE OF RETURN ,TURNOVER ,REVENUE AUTHORITY ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,TREASURY ,TAX ASSESSMENT ,DOUBLE TAXATION ,PERSONAL INCOME TAX ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,TAX AUTHORITY ,TAX PAYMENT ,TAX RULINGS ,TAX LEGISLATION ,TAX HAVENS ,PUBLIC POLICIES ,TAX PREPARERS ,MONETARY FUND ,ACCOUNTANT ,TAX RULES ,JOB CREATION ,COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE ,PROGRESSIVE TAX ,CASH FLOWS ,LEVY ,SAVINGS ,TAX BASES ,TAX EXPENDITURE ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,CHECKS ,TAX BURDENS ,TAX CODE ,TAX CONCESSIONS - Abstract
The purpose of this handbook is to provide policy makers with a framework to assess a tax system in its entirety, measure its various parameters and how it is administered, and defines best practices for tax policy and administration that will yield a tax system that is simple and predictable and does not create an undue burden on private enterprise. This handbook is primarily designed for policy makers and tax practitioners. The goal is to analyze the impact of income tax, the value added tax (VAT), and other local taxes that are imposed on business. This handbook does not analyze the effects of trade and labor taxes such as social security. The administration of the customs duty is unique and has been addressed extensively in the literature on customs modernization. Labor taxes primarily imposed on salaried individuals are not covered by this handbook, even though their incidence affects business. VAT has been included even though it is a tax on consumption because the administrative burden to comply with it is primarily on business.
- Published
- 2009
40. Increases in Surpluses of Regional Governments in Indonesia : An Empirical Analysis
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
PROVINCE ,BUDGET DEFICITS ,TAX ,FINANCIAL DATA ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,CURRENT ACCOUNTS ,REVENUE BUDGET ,REGIONAL GOVERNMENT ,CASH BALANCES ,FINANCIAL ASSETS ,LOAN AGREEMENT ,INSURANCE COMPANY ,REVENUE GROWTH ,PROVINCES ,CASH OUTFLOWS ,PHYSICAL ASSETS ,health care economics and organizations ,SCHOOL BUILDINGS ,INCOME ,RECESSION ,STREET LIGHTING ,INVESTING ,REVENUE SHARING ,CASH INFLOWS ,SUB-NATIONAL ,SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS ,OWN SOURCE REVENUE ,REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,DISTRICT GOVERNMENT ,RESERVES ,GOVERNMENT GRANTS ,REVENUE SOURCE ,EQUITY INVESTMENTS ,ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ,TAX COLLECTION ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,TRANSPARENCY ,BANK ACCOUNTS ,DISTRICT GOVERNMENTS ,REVENUE COLLECTION ,DISTRICT ,EXPENDITURE DATA ,GOVERNMENT BANK ,HOLDING ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,RECEIPT ,BID ,TAX REVENUE ,BANK DEPOSITS ,REVENUE ESTIMATES ,WAGES ,PUBLIC DISCLOSURE ,APPARENT RELATIONSHIP ,BALANCE SHEET ,DISTRICTS ,EXPENDITURE CATEGORIES ,GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS ,CASH BALANCE ,GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ,LOAN REPAYMENT ,PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT ,COST OF LOAN ,REVENUE CATEGORY ,BUDGET DEFICIT ,PROVINCIAL ROADS ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,LONG-TERM DEBT ,SHORT-TERM DEPOSITS ,MARKET PRICES ,TOTAL EXPENDITURES ,DISBURSEMENTS ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,INVESTMENT PROJECTS ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ,PROVINCIAL REVENUE ,BANK ACCOUNT ,FIXED ASSETS ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC FUNDS ,MUNICIPAL FINANCING ,ACCOUNTING ,EXPENDITURE NEEDS ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES ,SHARE OF INVESTMENTS ,BORROWINGS ,DECENTRALIZATION ,EXPENDITURE CLASSIFICATION ,DISTRICT LEVEL ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,PAYMENT OF WAGES ,GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ,INSURANCE ,HOUSEHOLDS ,BUDGETARY EXPENDITURE ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,LOAN PROCEEDS ,TREASURY ,PUBLIC DOMAIN ,COLLECTION AGENCIES ,PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,EXPENDITURE CATEGORY ,POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS ,GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTS ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,LOAN ,EXPENDITURES ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,FINANCING COSTS ,SECURITIES ,FINANCIAL COSTS ,BANK DEPOSIT ,GOVERNMENT REGULATION ,BANK INDONESIA ,EXPENDITURE BUDGET ,REVENUE INCREASES ,ISSUANCE ,MUNICIPALITY ,CORRUPTION ,BUDGETING ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,BIDS ,EXPENDITURE PATTERNS ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,LAWS ,LOAN REPAYMENTS ,TRUST FUNDS ,INTEREST RATE ,CASH PAYMENT ,EXPENDITURE ,TRANSACTION - Abstract
The overall objective of the study is to identify potential causes to the rapid increase in regional government surpluses. It will be shown that regional government surpluses have rapidly increased because of a confluence of three factors: (i) higher than expected revenue, (ii) lower than expected expenditure, and (iii) limited investments in financial assets. The study will identify potential causes for each factor by analyzing differences in actual and budgeted amounts of revenue. This report was presented to representatives of the Ministry of Finance and Decentralization Support Facility (DSF) in a meeting held on 30 May 2008. Comments and corrections of the attendants are reflected in this version of the report.
- Published
- 2008
41. Sub-National Performance Incentives in the Intergovernmental Framework : Current Practice and Options for Reform in Indonesia
- Author
-
Lewis, Blane D. and Smoke, Paul
- Subjects
LOCAL EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC INFORMATION ,PROVINCE ,REVENUE PERFORMANCE ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,RESERVE FUNDS ,GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS ,TAX ,POLICY OBJECTIVES ,HARD BUDGET CONSTRAINT ,REPAYMENT INCENTIVE ,DEVELOPING COUNTRY ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT TAXES ,BUDGET ESTIMATES ,GOVERNMENT DEBT ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL SYSTEM ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,PROVINCES ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,GOVERNMENT AGENCY ,POLICY MAKERS ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONS ,CAPITAL SPENDING ,FISCAL MANAGEMENT ,ANNUAL BUDGET ,FISCAL DISPARITIES ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,POLICY DEVELOPMENT ,INSTRUMENT ,REVENUE SHARING ,SUB-NATIONAL ,SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,CENTRAL AGENCIES ,CENTRAL AGENCY ,RETURNS ,DEBT SERVICE ,FISCAL TRANSFERS ,HARD BUDGET ,TAX TRANSFERS ,INCENTIVE STRUCTURE ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICE DELIVERY ,RESERVES ,DEBT LIMITS ,MORAL HAZARD ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,TAX EFFORT ,LOCAL DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNMENT DATA ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT BORROWING ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT BUDGETS ,REVENUE SOURCE ,GOVERNMENT CAPACITY ,TAX COLLECTION ,EQUALIZATION FUNDS ,LOCAL OWN-SOURCE ,PROVINCIAL LEVEL ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,FISCAL INCENTIVES ,REVENUE COLLECTION ,CAPITAL INVESTMENT ,BUDGET CYCLE ,EXPENDITURE DATA ,GOVERNMENT BANK ,HOLDING ,SERVICE STANDARDS ,NATIONAL ELECTIONS ,BENEFIT SPILLOVERS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,GOVERNMENT CONTROL ,BUSINESS CYCLE ,TAX REVENUE ,BANK DEPOSITS ,FISCAL FRAMEWORK ,PUBLIC EDUCATION ,BUDGET PERFORMANCE ,TAX OFFICES ,FISCAL GAP ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE ,DECISION MAKING ,FISCAL SYSTEM ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,LOCAL TAX ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFER ,FISCAL EQUALIZATION ,FISCAL SURPLUSES ,SALES TAX ,DISBURSEMENT ,LOCAL AUTHORITY ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,ARREARS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT CAPACITY ,SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,DEBT RESTRUCTURING ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,LOAN REPAYMENT ,CITIZEN COMPLAINTS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT ,SECTORAL MINISTRIES ,LITERACY RATES ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,GOVERNMENT BUDGETS ,DISBURSEMENTS ,GOVERNMENT BUDGETING ,GOVERNMENT SUPPORT ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,FISCAL DISCIPLINE ,TAX INCENTIVES ,BANK ACCOUNT ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,SUB-NATIONAL LENDING ,FINANCIAL REPORTS ,DEFICITS ,LOCAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,CENTRAL TAX ,SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,BUDGET CONSTRAINT ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS ,TAX BASE ,ACCOUNTING ,EXPENDITURE NEEDS ,LEGAL SYSTEM ,LOCAL TRANSFERS ,BENEFITS OF DECENTRALIZATION ,COMMERCIAL BANK ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,LOCAL GOVERNANCE ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,PROPERTY TAX ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT POLICIES ,LOCAL TAX BASE ,RECORD KEEPING ,LOCAL AUTONOMY ,ACCESS TO LOANS ,DECENTRALIZATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,LOCAL REVENUES ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS ,RESERVE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,PROPERTY TAX REVENUES ,LOCAL REVENUE ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL FRAMEWORK ,FISCAL PERFORMANCE ,LOCAL SERVICES ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,NATIONAL REVENUES ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,LOCAL BUDGET ,INCENTIVE SYSTEM ,LOAN ,LOCAL OFFICIALS ,EXPENDITURES ,TAX REVENUES ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTONOMY ,DECENTRALIZATION FRAMEWORK ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,LOCAL OWN-SOURCE REVENUES ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,GOVERNMENT REGULATION ,LENDING AGREEMENT ,FISCAL CAPACITY ,SUBNATIONAL ,DEVELOPMENT BANK ,TYPES OF DECENTRALIZATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEBT ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,NATIONAL POLICIES ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,BUDGETING ,RESERVE FUND ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT FISCAL BEHAVIOR ,FISCAL PLANNING ,DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS ,LOCAL ELECTIONS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,FISCAL OUTCOMES ,LOCAL TAX ADMINISTRATION ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,EQUALIZATION FORMULA ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,USER CHARGES ,FISCAL RESOURCES ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL REFORM ,EXPENDITURE ,CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION - Abstract
This paper provides background for the Government of Indonesia as it considers if and how to introduce more robust local government performance incentives into the intergovernmental fiscal framework. The next section briefly examines the forces that have driven the recent national wave of interest in improving local government performance. This is followed by a review of the relatively limited set of local government performance incentives currently in force in Indonesia. The fourth section provides a conceptual overview of how to think about the possible expansion of local government incentive programs, outlining the potential role(s) of such programs in general and the key issues involved in designing and implementing them. The fifth section tentatively considers a number of options for additional local government incentives in Indonesia that the central government may wish to consider pursuing. The paper concludes with an outline of next steps for moving forward with the possible development of more purposeful and meaningful performance incentives in Indonesia's intergovernmental fiscal framework.
- Published
- 2008
42. Iraq Public Expenditure and Institutional Assessment, Volume 2 : Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability Assessment, Public Financial Management Report
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
UNCERTAINTY ,BUDGET DATA ,REGIONAL GOVERNMENT ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,INFLATION ,FISCAL BALANCE ,FISCAL DEFICIT ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONS ,ANNUAL BUDGET ,EXTERNAL AUDIT ,GOVERNMENT POLICY ,PERSONAL INCOME ,PREPARATION OF BUDGET SUBMISSIONS ,FISCAL DATA ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURE ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS ,TRANSPARENCY ,REFORM PROCESS ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,BUDGET CYCLE ,BUDGET TRANSFERS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,INVESTMENT BUDGET ,BUDGET SURPLUSES ,MULTILATERAL AGENCIES ,BUDGET PERIOD ,ANNUAL REPORTS ,PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ,BUDGET SURPLUS ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,TAX COLLECTIONS ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,DEFICIT FINANCING ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,EXPENDITURE PROGRAMS ,COST ESTIMATES ,REFORM PROGRAM ,CORPORATE INCOME TAX ,PUBLIC DEBT ,FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,BUDGET BILL ,INTEREST PAYMENTS ,BUDGET HOLDERS ,CASH FLOW ,BUDGET DEFICIT ,BUDGET REQUEST ,CIVIL SERVICE REFORM ,DONOR FINANCING ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,BUDGET YEAR ,RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,BUDGET CLASSIFICATION ,CHART OF ACCOUNTS ,FISCAL AGGREGATES ,TAX BASE ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,INCOME TAX ,TAX PAYMENTS ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,FISCAL POLICY ,FINANCE MINISTRY ,EXCHANGE RATE ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,MACROECONOMIC FRAMEWORK ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,FISCAL PERFORMANCE ,REALLOCATIONS ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,GOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONS ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT REPORT ,FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY ,FISCAL RISKS ,INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE ,ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION ,REVENUE SOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,BUDGETARY OUTCOMES ,PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,LOCAL CURRENCY ,TAX EVASION ,FISCAL REPORTING ,BUDGET SUBMISSIONS ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,AGGREGATE REVENUE ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,BUDGET FORMULATION ,CASH BALANCES ,FINANCIAL ASSETS ,PROGRAMS ,FISCAL RISK ,FORWARD ESTIMATES ,EXPENDITURE POLICY ,NATIONAL ACCOUNTS ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ,FISCAL INFORMATION ,SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,AGGREGATE BUDGET ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY ,STRATEGIC ALLOCATION ,DONOR ASSISTANCE ,TAX LAW ,FISCAL FORECASTS ,LEGISLATIVE SCRUTINY ,TAX ARRANGEMENTS ,TAX COLLECTION ,CAPITAL BUDGET ,SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS ,CAPITAL INVESTMENT ,ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ,DOMESTIC REVENUE ,PUBLIC SECTOR ENTITIES ,REVENUE POLICY ,BUDGET CREDIBILITY ,REFORM STRATEGY ,TAX REVENUE ,OIL PRODUCTS ,EXTERNAL DEBT ,STRATEGIC PLANS ,AGGREGATE FISCAL ,ANNUAL BUDGET PROCESS ,BUDGETARY IMPACT ,CIVIL SERVICE ,TRANSFER TAXES ,SALES TAX ,DONOR FUNDING ,HEALTH CLINICS ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION ,BUDGET CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM ,BUDGET PREPARATION PROCESS ,CENTRAL BANK ,FINANCIAL INFORMATION ,DOMESTIC DEBT ,BUDGET LAW ,FISCAL DISCIPLINE ,REAL ESTATE TAX ,PUBLIC CORPORATIONS ,STRATEGIC ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ,INVESTMENT BUDGETING ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,TAXPAYERS ,ACCOUNTING ,BUDGET SUPPORT ,OIL RESOURCES ,STATE BUDGET ,BUDGET CIRCULAR ,OIL PRICES ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,ANNUAL BUDGETS ,BUDGETARY EXPENDITURE ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURES ,EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK ,BUDGET PROPOSAL ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,REVENUE FORECASTING ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,PERSONAL INCOME TAX ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,APPROPRIATION ,EXPENDITURES ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,CONDITIONALITY ,DEBT SERVICING ,BUDGET SUBMISSION ,AGGREGATE EXPENDITURE ,BUDGET DOCUMENTATION ,FISCAL PERSPECTIVE ,PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDERS ,FISCAL POSITION ,DEBT SUSTAINABILITY ,PUBLIC WORKS ,ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENDITURE ,STRUCTURAL REFORMS ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,BUDGET PROPOSALS ,FOREIGN CURRENCY ,BUDGET OUTTURN ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM ,BUDGETING PROCESS ,DATA COLLECTION - Abstract
The public expenditure and institutional assessment (PEIA) were motivated by a number of factors. First, both the Government of Iraq (GoI) and its international development partners have recognized the critical importance of sound management of Iraq's substantial public financial resources. Both parties support the reform and modernization of public financial management (PFM), as articulated in the International Compact for Iraq (ICI). Secondly, international experience demonstrates the importance of establishing a baseline against which progress in PFM over time can be measured. This implies the need for an assessment which provides the information necessary to measure the performance of a country's PFM system. Thirdly, the devastating circumstances in Iraq during the past 5 years have made the institutional arrangements for PFM the subject of considerable uncertainty. The PEIA can help to shape and prioritize the necessary development program. The report is organized in two main parts. Volume one contains a summary of the main issues to emerge from the public expenditure and financial accountability (PEFA) assessment and a discussion of a number of specific PFM issues of current importance to Iraq, including: capital investment budgeting (CIB), oil revenue management, the Iraq financial management information system (IFMIS), public accounting and accountability, and payroll management. Volume two contains a detailed technical analysis behind the PEFA assessment.
- Published
- 2008
43. Iraq Public Expenditure and Institutional Assessment, Volume 1 : Public Financial Management in a Conflict-Affected Environment
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING ,BUDGET SUBMISSIONS ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,EDUCATION BUDGET ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,AGGREGATE REVENUE ,UNCERTAINTY ,ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ,BUDGET OUTTURNS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,BUDGET ESTIMATES ,DECISION-MAKING ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS ,ADMINISTRATIVE CLASSIFICATION ,BUDGET FORMULATION ,CASH BALANCES ,FINANCIAL ASSETS ,FISCAL BALANCE ,CASH RATIONING ,FISCAL RISK ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,EXPENDITURE POLICY ,MINISTRY OF DEFENSE ,PROCUREMENT PROCESS ,ANNUAL BUDGET ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,EXTERNAL AUDIT ,INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT ,DECISION-MAKING PROCESS ,REVENUE SHARING ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,FISCAL INFORMATION ,SECTOR BUDGETS ,BUDGET SYSTEM ,SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,CENTRAL AGENCIES ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,GOVERNMENT FINANCE STATISTICS ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURE ,INTERNAL CONTROL ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,ENTITLEMENTS ,ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ,LEGISLATIVE SCRUTINY ,GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,REFORM AGENDA ,BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS ,TRANSPARENCY ,CAPITAL BUDGET ,POVERTY REDUCING ,MEDIUM-TERM PERSPECTIVE ,CAPITAL INVESTMENT ,BUDGET CYCLE ,ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ,ANNUAL BUDGETING ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,PUBLIC SECTOR ENTITIES ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,BUDGET CREDIBILITY ,FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS ,MISTRUST ,REFORM STRATEGY ,BUDGET MANAGEMENT ,INVESTMENT BUDGET ,REVENUE ESTIMATES ,FISCAL FRAMEWORK ,BUDGET SURPLUSES ,PERFORMANCE INDICATOR ,FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ,AGGREGATE FISCAL ,BUDGET REFORM ,ANNUAL BUDGET PROCESS ,GOVERNMENT FINANCE ,REFORM PROCESSES ,BUDGET ALLOCATION ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PROGRAM CLASSIFICATION ,PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,EDUCATION SERVICES ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,EXPENDITURE FORECASTS ,EXPENDITURE PROGRAMS ,LIQUIDITY ,REFORM PROGRAM ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION ,CASH MANAGEMENT ,BUDGET CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM ,SECTORAL CEILINGS ,BUDGET HOLDERS ,SUPREME AUDIT INSTITUTION ,BUDGET PREPARATION PROCESS ,FISCAL CONTROL ,BUDGET REQUEST ,CIVIL SERVICE REFORM ,FINANCIAL INFORMATION ,PUBLIC MONEY ,BUDGET LAW ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,BUDGET YEAR ,FISCAL DISCIPLINE ,BUDGET DECISION ,RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS ,GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES ,PUBLIC CORPORATIONS ,BUDGET CLASSIFICATION ,CHART OF ACCOUNTS ,FINANCIAL REPORTS ,INVESTMENT BUDGETING ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,CREDIBLE BUDGET ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION ,FINANCIAL PLAN ,ACCOUNTING ,BUDGET SUPPORT ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,CAPITAL PROJECTS ,TAX PAYMENTS ,EDUCATION PROGRAMS ,APPROPRIATIONS ,POLICY FORMULATION ,STRATEGIC POLICY ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,FISCAL POLICY ,OIL PRICES ,PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT ,ANNUAL BUDGETING PROCESS ,FINANCE MINISTRY ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,ANNUAL BUDGETS ,FINANCIAL CONTROL ,MACROECONOMIC FRAMEWORK ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,SYSTEM OF BUDGET CLASSIFICATION ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,CAPITAL ASSETS ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,REALLOCATIONS ,REVENUE FORECASTING ,BUDGET MANAGEMENT PROCESS ,CASH BASIS ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,FISCAL STABILITY ,GOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONS ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT REPORT ,EDUCATION EXPENDITURES ,PERFORMANCE ACCOUNTABILITY ,FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY ,BUDGET AGGREGATES ,INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE ,ARTICLE ,ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION ,EXPENDITURE BUDGET ,REVENUE SOURCES ,AGGREGATE EXPENDITURE ,BUDGET DOCUMENTATION ,BUDGET PROCESS ,MANAGEMENT CONTROL ,SOCIAL BENEFITS ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,DONOR AGENCIES ,STRATEGIC PRIORITIES ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,BUDGETARY OUTCOMES ,FISCAL POSITION ,PERFORMANCE REVIEW ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY ,BUDGET PROPOSALS ,OUTCOME BUDGETING ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM ,PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS ,SECTORAL BUDGET - Abstract
The public expenditure and institutional assessment (PEIA) were motivated by a number of factors. First, both the Government of Iraq (GoI) and its international development partners have recognized the critical importance of sound management of Iraq's substantial public financial resources. Both parties support the reform and modernization of public financial management (PFM), as articulated in the International Compact for Iraq (ICI). Secondly, international experience demonstrates the importance of establishing a baseline against which progress in PFM over time can be measured. This implies the need for an assessment which provides the information necessary to measure the performance of a country's PFM system. Thirdly, the devastating circumstances in Iraq during the past 5 years have made the institutional arrangements for PFM the subject of considerable uncertainty. The PEIA can help to shape and prioritize the necessary development program. The report is organized in two main parts. Volume one contains a summary of the main issues to emerge from the public expenditure and financial accountability (PEFA) assessment and a discussion of a number of specific PFM issues of current importance to Iraq, including: capital investment budgeting (CIB), oil revenue management, the Iraq financial management information system (IFMIS), public accounting and accountability, and payroll management. Volume two contains a detailed technical analysis behind the PEFA assessment.
- Published
- 2008
44. PRSPs and Budgets
- Author
-
Alonso, Rosa, Judge, Lindsay, and Klugman, Jeni
- Subjects
BUDGET FRAMEWORK ,BUDGET DEFICITS ,BUDGET DATA ,DECISION-MAKING ,REGIONAL GOVERNMENT ,ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS ,MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORKS ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,CAPITAL SPENDING ,ECONOMIC STABILITY ,ANNUAL BUDGET ,EXTERNAL AUDIT ,MUNICIPALITIES ,AID-DEPENDENT COUNTRIES ,INCENTIVES ,PREPARATION OF BUDGET SUBMISSIONS ,FISCAL DATA ,SOCIAL INDICATORS ,AUDITORS ,HEALTH EXPENDITURE ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,BUDGET CYCLE ,EXPENDITURE PLANNING ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,BENEFIT INCIDENCE ANALYSIS ,INVESTMENT BUDGET ,DUAL BUDGETING ,EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE ,BUDGETARY FUNDS ,FISCAL YEAR ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES ,AUDIT OFFICE ,DEVOLUTION OF RESOURCES ,INDEPENDENT AUDITOR ,BUDGET ALLOCATION ,PROGRAM CLASSIFICATION ,BUDGET SUPPORT OPERATIONS ,FISCAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,EXPENDITURE PROGRAMS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,REFORM PROJECTS ,CASH MANAGEMENT ,PERFORMANCE DATA ,BUDGET REVIEW ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,CASH FLOW ,ACCOUNTABILITY FOR RESULTS ,NATIONAL PRIORITIES ,COST- EFFECTIVENESS ,DONOR FINANCING ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,BUDGET YEAR ,RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS ,TOTAL EXPENDITURE ,GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES ,POVERTY REDUCTION OBJECTIVES ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,BUDGETS ,FISCAL ACTIVITIES ,BUDGET EXECUTION PROCEDURES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,PERFORMANCE REPORTS ,TYPES OF REFORMS ,DECENTRALIZATION ,EXPENDITURE LEVELS ,HEALTH CARE ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,DONOR FUNDS ,BUDGET PLANNING ,SECTOR EXPENDITURE ,CONDITIONALITIES ,GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTS ,COST ESTIMATE ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,SECTORAL ALLOCATIONS ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION ,HARD BUDGET CONSTRAINTS ,BUDGET PROCESS ,MINISTERIAL COORDINATION ,BUDGET EXPENDITURE ,SOCIAL INSURANCE ,REVENUES ,BUDGET DISCUSSIONS ,DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,LOCAL TAXES ,SECTOR POLICIES ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ,BUDGET DOES ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ANNUAL BUDGET CYCLE ,EXPENDITURE PRIORITIES ,MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE ,BUDGET SUBMISSIONS ,PROVINCIAL LEVELS ,EDUCATION BUDGET ,BUDGET ,ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ,BUDGET OUTTURNS ,DECISION- MAKING ,ALLOCATION ,BUDGET FORMULATION ,EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORKS ,PROGRAMS ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,AGGREGATE CONTROL ,SECTOR MINISTRIES ,GENERAL BUDGET SUPPORT ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,HEALTH PROGRAMS ,OUTCOMES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,SECTOR BUDGETS ,CASH BUDGETING SYSTEM ,EXPENDITURE PLAN ,BUDGET SYSTEMS ,BUDGET RESOURCES ,FOREIGN FINANCING ,MANAGING PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,BUDGET DOCUMENTS ,PRINCIPAL-AGENT ,CAPACITY-BUILDING ,CAPITAL BUDGET ,BUDGETARY PROCESS ,ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ,DOMESTIC REVENUE ,COUNTERPART FUNDING ,BUDGET MANAGEMENT ,SANITATION ,SUSTAINABILITY OF REFORMS ,CASH BUDGETING ,ANNUAL BUDGET PROCESS ,BUDGET POLICIES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION PROCESS ,DONOR FUNDING ,SERVICES ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,HEALTH SECTOR ,PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,EXPENDITURE CUTS ,PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ,FISCAL DISCIPLINE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRACKING ,BUDGET ALLOCATION PROCESS ,SECTORAL POLICIES ,DONOR COORDINATION ,DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENDITURES ,ACCOUNTING ,CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION ,BUDGET SUPPORT ,BUDGET ENVELOPE ,STRATEGIC POLICY ,RESOURCE AVAILABILITY ,EXPENDITURE TRACKING SURVEYS ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,ANNUAL BUDGETS ,EXPENDITURE TRACKING ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,TAXES ,BUDGET INFORMATION ,AUDIT INSTITUTIONS ,LOCAL BUDGETS ,REVENUE FORECASTING ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,EXPENDITURES ,BUDGET REPORTING ,SECTOR BUDGET ,EDUCATION EXPENDITURES ,MACROECONOMIC SITUATION ,STRATEGIC CHOICES ,WELFARE OF CITIZENS ,SOCIAL FUNDS ,BUDGET SUBMISSION ,EXTERNAL AID ,DATA AVAILABILITY ,ALLOCATION OF EXPENDITURE ,DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENDITURE ,PROGRAM BUDGETS ,BUDGET CONSTRAINTS ,MEDIUM-TERM PROJECTIONS ,STRATEGIC PRIORITIES ,DONOR FLOWS ,CASH FLOWS ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,BUDGET PROPOSALS ,BUDGETING PROCESS ,EXPENDITURE ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT - Abstract
This paper synthesizes the findings from a series of case studies on the interaction between the PRSP process and the budget. The five studies, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Tanzania and Vietnam aim to assess the extent to which public finance management and budget allocations reflect the principles and content of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PRSP, hence providing insights into progress in PRS implementation. The cases also shed light on whether the PRSP process itself has fostered more accountable, efficient and pro-poor budget processes and allocations as of 2003.The PRSP process, with its focus on data and information for evidence-based policy-making, open and participatory policy-making processes, poverty results and country-led donor coordination, alignment and harmonization has the potential to significantly improve the pro-poor focus and general accountability of budgeting processes.The cases confront a number of methodological challenges. First, in some countries and sectors, lack of appropriate data constrained the extent to which the research questions could be fully answered. Second, the PRSP remains a relatively recent innovation in all the countries studied and we recognize that many of our findings are preliminary, and require additional confirmation over time. Third, any assessment of the value added of the PRSP approach needs to be cognizant of the initial conditions in country, both to avoid ascribing successes to the PRSP which pre-date its existence, and to temper expectations about what the approach can deliver in a relatively short space of time given the starting point of each country. To address this last challenge, the case studies explicitly acknowledge the pre-existing situation in-country and try to assess the value added of the PRSP process.The four countries studied have a number of common features.Finally, and perhaps most importantly, all five countries share a high-level political commitment to addressing poverty, although the extent to which this commitment permeates throughout government agencies varies from country to country.The five countries, however, also display many distinctive features. Bolivia and Cambodia, for example, both suffer from high degrees of political fragmentation, which in Bolivia has manifested itself as civil unrest on a number of occasions in the last two years. Burkina Faso, Tanzania, and Vietnam, on the other hand, benefit from more stable political systems and an inherited commitment to pro-poor policies from socialist governments.
- Published
- 2005
45. China : Managing Public Expenditures for Better Results
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
FOREIGN TRADE ,COMPETITIVE BIDDING ,BUDGET DEFICITS ,TAX RATES ,BANKING SYSTEM ,OPERATING EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC SECTOR DEFICIT ,PBC ,GOVERNMENT DEBT ,PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE ,INFLATION ,ETHNIC MINORITIES ,BAD DEBT ,FISCAL DEFICIT ,EMPLOYMENT ,BAD DEBTS ,GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION ,POLICY MAKERS ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONS ,ECONOMIC STABILITY ,PROVISIONING ,INCOME ,STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES ,BUDGET SYSTEM ,INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ,GOVERNMENT BONDS ,TAX REFORMS ,BONDS ,PROCUREMENT ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,SURTAXES ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,AGGREGATE FISCAL DISCIPLINE ,WAGES ,BUDGETARY FUNDS ,FISCAL YEAR ,ACCOUNTS ,LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT ,STATE BANKS ,LEVIES ,LABOR MARKET ,LOCAL TAX ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,DRINKING WATER ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION ,FISCAL ,PROVISIONS ,WORKING CAPITAL ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,SOCIAL SECURITY ,BUDGET DEFICIT ,PROFITABILITY ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,EXTRABUDGETARY FUNDS ,AUTONOMY ,BUDGETARY REFORMS ,BUDGET SPEECHES ,BANK FAILURE ,GOVERNMENT REFORM ,MARKET PRICES ,MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,BUDGETARY EXPENDITURES ,AUDITS ,CONSUMER SUBSIDIES ,AUTHORIZATION ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT ,ROADS ,ACCOUNTING ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,TAXATION ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,BANK PROFITS ,GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE ,DECENTRALIZATION ,LENDING RATES ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,FISCAL POLICY ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,STATE PLANNING ,TREASURY ,BANK RESTRUCTURING ,EBF ,GNP ,BORROWING ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,GOVERNMENT SERVICES ,EQUALIZATION ,LABOR INPUTS ,BUDGET PROCESS ,BUDGETARY RESOURCES ,LOAN CLASSIFICATION ,CORRUPTION ,STATE SECTOR ,GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION ,STATE ADMINISTRATION ,BUDGETING ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LAWS ,EXPENDITURE ASSIGNMENT ,SAVINGS ,HEALTH SERVICES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,FINANCIAL REPORTING ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,FISCAL RESOURCES ,EXPENDITURE - Abstract
Despite its high economic growth, Chinas public expenditure management faces profound challenges: 1) The retrenchment of the Plan puts more of the burden for the macro and microeconomic policy on the budget. 2) Extra-budgetary funds and quasi-fiscal operations of the banking system undermine fiscal discipline, which contributed to the repeated bouts of inflation. 3) Shifting spending to the Governments priorities is slow, and is in part undone during budget implementation. Over time, this could threaten sustainable growth and equitable growth. 4) While overall social indicators are high, regional disparities remain large. Government services seem overstaffed, which could escalate costs if wages continue to rise. To address these challenges, China needs to reform its public expenditure management. Chinas first priority is restoring fiscal discipline - to delineate a clear budget constraint for every line ministry and unit, and break down the sectoral budgets into organizational budgets. To forge a stronger link between the State Councils policy priorities and the budget, China needs to revamp its budget process. The State should focus on articulating the governments strategic priorities, but leave detailed planning for achieving these priorities to line ministries. Decentralized administration can be a major asset for cost-effective service delivery, if accountability for performance is improved.
- Published
- 2000
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