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Objective: To explore the application value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in traffic accidents through observing and analyzing the injury features of the accidents., Methods: Two fatal cases caused by traffic accidents were fully examined using MSCT, 3D imaging reconstruction and angiography through cardiac puncture. The features of traffic injury mechanism were analyzed through combination of MSCT and postmortem external examination., Results: In case 1, right cardiac rupture was found by MSCT and angiography through cardiac puncture. The cause of death was cardiac tamponade and right ventricular rupture due to the crush injury of chest in the traffic accident. In case 2, splenic rupture and intra-abdominal hemorrhage was found and caused by injury of left trunk by MSCT. The cause of death was hemorrhage and traumatic shock., Conclusion: MSCT could observe skeletal injury, soft tissue injury, and hematologic disorder well. The combination use of MSCT and angiography through cardiac puncture provided assistance to the diagnosis of cardiovascular system injury.

Objective: To reconstruct a car-pedestrian crash accident using numerical simulation technology and explore the injury biomechanism as forensic evidence for injury identification., Methods: An integration of multi-body dynamic, finite element (FE), and classical method was applied to a car-pedestrian crash accident. The location of the collision and the details of the traffic accident were determined by vehicle trace verification and autopsy. The accident reconstruction was performed by coupling the three-dimensional car behavior from PC-CRASH with a MADYMO dummy model. The collision FE models of head and leg, developed from CT scans of human remains, were loaded with calculated dummy collision parameters. The data of the impact biomechanical responses were extracted in terms of von Mises stress, relative displacement, strain and stress fringes., Results: The accident reconstruction results were identical with the examined ones and the biomechanism of head and leg injuries, illustrated through the FE methods, were consistent with the classical injury theories., Conclusion: The numerical simulation technology is proved to be effective in identifying traffic accidents and exploring of injury biomechanism.

Objective: To study the application value of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and 3D reconstruction in biomechanical analysis of traffic accidents in forensic medicine., Methods: Based on a real case, the tomoscan images were obtained from a corpse by MSCT scanning. The 3D images were reconstructed. The biomechanic process of injury manners of impacting, rolling and crushing in traffic accidents was analyzed together with autopsy, vehicle inspection, etc. The MSCT results were compared with the autopsy results., Results: Some characters in situ including the part of fracture on different site that suffered by force from different directions, trends of fracture line, and status of smash inner bones were obtained trough MSCT and 3D reconstruction. Some details like fracture were even better than those from autopsy., Conclusion: MSCT and 3D reconstruction have some advantages such as in situ reconstruction, easily controlled image and fully conserved evidence. It may be a supplementary method and have a directive function for the biomechanical analysis of traffic accidents.

Objective: To reconstruct the collision process of traffic accident and the injury mode of the victim by computer simulation technology in forensic assessment of traffic accident., Methods: Forty actual accidents were reconstructed by stimulation software and high performance computer based on analysis of the trace evidences at the scene, damage of the vehicles and injury of the victims, with 2 cases discussed in details., Results: The reconstruction correlated very well in 28 cases, well in 9 cases, and suboptimal in 3 cases with the above parameters. Accurate reconstruction of the accident would be helpful for assessment of the injury mechanism of the victims., Conclusion: Reconstruction of the collision process of traffic accident and the injury mechanism of the victim by computer simulation is useful in traffic accident assessment.

Objective: Using computer simulation to analyze the effects of speed, type of automobile and impacted position on crash-course and injuries of pedestrians in automobile vs. pedestrian accidents., Methods: Automobiles (bus, minibus, car and truck) and pedestrian models were constructed with multi-body dynamics computing method. The crashes were simulated at different impact speeds (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 km/h) and different positions (front, lateral and rear of pedestrians). Crash-courses and their biomechanical responses were studied., Results: If the type of automobile and impact position were the same, the crash-courses were similar (impact speed < or = 60 km/h). There were some characteristics in the head acceleration, upper neck axial force and leg axial force., Conclusion: Multi-body dynamics computer simulation of crash can be applied to analyze crash-course and injuries (head, neck and leg) of pedestrians.

Objective: To study the characteristics and biomechanical mechanism of riding injuries involving bicycles collided by motor vehicles., Methods: The real traffic accident cases of bicycles collided by motor vehicles, including the information of scenes, bicycles, motor vehicles, rider wounds and traffic directions, were collected. Retrospective method was used to study these riding injuries. In addition, typical cases were selected to simulate traffic accident courses with computer simulation software, and the dynamic data like acceleration, force, moment were cxtracted to compare with those in the real cases., Results: There were no difference of occurring frequency between cases with or without riding injuries, as well as between one-side-collision and front- or back-collision. The riding injuries seemed less in accidents involving large-scale vehicles. The frequency of riding injuries increased with vehicle speed. The wound location was low on collision side and high on opposite., Conclusion: Analysis of riding injury characteristic in traffic accidents and their biomechanical mechanism would be helpful for estimation of traffic manner.

Objective: This study aimed at computer simulation of reconstruction of vehicle-bicyclist traffic accidents and investigation of the injury characteristics., Methods: To use the model established by high performance computer and PC-Crash software to study the bicyclists and vehicles and to reconstruct the accident., Results: The model of computer simulation response perfectly reconstructed phases of the traffic collision and explained the mechanisms of the injuries of the bicyclists, which correlated with details found in forensic investigation., Conclusion: Computer simulation is feasible for forensic analysis on the injury mechanism of bicyclists in traffic related accidents.

This study analyzed injuries of motorcycle occupants and the trace evidence of motor vehicles in 3 cases of motorcycle accidents. Due to differences in positions, postures, and responses, the driver and passenger showed their unique injury patterns and characteristics, which could be verified by analysis of trace evidence of the vehicles. It provided some common features from these cases and could be useful to determine the responsible parties and to determine who was the driver.