10 results
Search Results
2. Development of a Pencil Drawn Paper‐based Analytical Device to Detect Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)*†
- Author
-
Antonio José Ipólito, Marcelo Firmino de Oliveira, M. Fátima Bento, Maria Fernanda Muzetti Ribeiro, and Universidade do Minho
- Subjects
Paper ,Saúde de qualidade ,Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde ,Ciências da Saúde [Ciências Médicas] ,Injury control ,Accident prevention ,N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine ,screen-printed electrode ,Poison control ,01 natural sciences ,Methamphetamine ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,LSD ,Forensic Toxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Limit of Detection ,Political science ,Electrochemistry ,Genetics ,Humans ,forensic chemistry ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,Electrodes ,voltammetry ,Science & Technology ,Screen printed electrode ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Paper based ,16. Peace & justice ,paper-based electrodes ,0104 chemical sciences ,Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ,electrochemistry ,Hallucinogens ,Humanities - Abstract
The need for agile and proper identification of drugs of abuse has encouraged the scientific community to improve and todevelop new methodologies. The drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is still widely used due to its hallucinogenic effects. The use ofvoltammetric methods to analyze narcotics has increased in recent years, and the possibility of miniaturizing the electrochemical equipmentallows these methods to be applied outside the laboratory; for example, in crime scenes. In addition to portability, the search for affordable andsustainable materials for use in electroanalytical research has grown in recent decades. In this context, employing paper substrate, graphite pen-cil, and silver paint to construct paper-based electrodes is a great alternative. Here, a paper-based device comprising three electrodes was drawnon 300 g/m2watercolor paper with 8B pencils, and its efficiency was compared to the efficiency of a commercially available screen-printedcarbon electrode. Square wave voltammetry was used for LSD analysis in aqueous medium containing 0.05 mol/L LiClO4. The limits of detec-tion and quantification were 0.38 and 1.27 mol/L, respectively. Both electrodes exhibited a similar voltammetric response, which was alsoconfirmed during analysis of a seized LSD sample, with recovery of less than 10%. The seized samples were previously analyzed by GCMStechnique, employing the full scan spectra against the software spectral library. The electrode selectivity was also tested against 3,4-methylene-dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine. It was possible to differentiate these compounds from LSD, indicating that the devel-oped paper-based device has potential application in forensic chemistry analyses., Financial support provided by the Polícia Científica do Estado de São Paulo for the partnership, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP - Process 2016/23825-3), Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, FCT, Portugal, (UID/QUI/00686/2016 and UID/QUI/00686/2019), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Process Capes Pro Forenses 25/2014).
- Published
- 2020
3. Identifying the source of bullet wipe: a randomised blind trial
- Author
-
Michael V. Swain, Liz Girvan, David C. Kieser, Jean-Claude Theis, Debra J. Carr, Jules A. Kieser, Ian Horsfall, and Sandra C. J. Leclair
- Subjects
Observer Variation ,Paper ,Injury control ,Forensic Ballistics ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Accident prevention ,Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ,Poison control ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Random Allocation ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Humans ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Simulation - Abstract
To assess the usefulness of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy in matching bullet wipe to the bullet.Bullet wipe can be used to match a bullet type to a crime scene.
- Published
- 2013
4. A novel safety assessment strategy for non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in carton food contact materials
- Author
-
W.R. Leeman, Bas Muilwijk, Sander Koster, Frederique van Acker, Monique Rennen, Lisette Krul, and Geert F. Houben
- Subjects
NIAS ,Safety engineering ,Aflatoxin ,CoMSAS ,Food contact materials ,business.product_category ,Aflatoxin B1 ,Aflatoxin B2 ,Alkene ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Limit of detection ,Ergocristine ,Alkane ,RAPID - Risk Assessment Products in Development ,Toxicology ,Carboxylic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Vomitoxin ,Life ,Fast food ,Complex mixture safety assessment strategy ,Evaluation ,Zearalenone ,Risk assessment ,T 2 toxin ,General Medicine ,Electric contacts ,Nivalenol ,Health ,Threshold of toxicological concern ,Food matrix ,Aflatoxin M1 ,Safety ,Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points ,Plastics ,Healthy Living ,TTC ,Ergometrine ,Paper ,Accident prevention ,Liquid chromatography ,Mass fragmentography ,Food Contamination ,Ergocryptine ,Complex Mixtures ,Assessment ,Ether ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Organophosphate pesticide ,Article ,Fumonisin B1 ,Food safety ,Health hazard ,Food packaging ,Biphenyl derivative ,Ergotamine ,Humans ,Food and Nutrition ,Carbamate pesticide ,Ergocornine ,Ochratoxin ,Nutrition ,No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level ,Food additive ,Food analysis ,Volatile agent ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Chemistry ,Allergens ,Non-intentionally added substances ,Dibenzodioxin derivative ,Carton ,HT 2 toxin ,chemistry ,Mixtures ,Concentration (parameters) ,Dibenzofuran derivative ,Aflatoxin G1 ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Alcohol derivative ,Genotoxicity ,business ,Controlled study ,Aflatoxin G2 ,Mutagens ,Food Science - Abstract
One of the main challenges in food contact materials research is to prove that the presence of non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) is not a safety issue. Migration extracts may contain many unknown substances present at low concentrations. It is difficult and time-consuming to identify all these potential NIAS and concurrently to assess their health risk upon exposure, whereas the health relevance at low exposure levels might not even be an issue. This paper describes a scientifically based, but pragmatic safety assessment approach for unknown substances present at low exposure levels in food contact matrices. This complex mixture safety assessment strategy (CoMSAS) enables one to distinguish toxicologically relevant from toxicologically less relevant substances, when related to their respective levels of exposure, and allows one to focus on the substances of potential health concern. In particular, substances for which exposure will be below certain thresholds may be considered not of health relevance in case specific classes of substances are excluded. This can reduce the amount of work needed for identification, characterisation and evaluation of unknown substances at low concentration. The CoMSAS approach is presented in this paper using a safety assessment of unknown NIAS that may migrate from three carton samples. © 2014 Taylor & Francis. Chemicals/CAS: aflatoxin, 1402-68-2; aflatoxin B1, 1162-65-8; aflatoxin B2, 7220-81-7; aflatoxin G1, 1165-39-5; aflatoxin G2, 7241-98-7; aflatoxin M1, 6795-23-9; ergocornine, 564-36-3; ergocristine, 511-08-0; ergocryptine, 511-09-1; ergometrine, 60-79-7; ergotamine, 113-15-5, 52949-35-6; ether, 60-29-7; fumonisin B1, 116355-83-0; HT 2 toxin, 26934-87-2; nivalenol, 23282-20-4; ochratoxin, 303-47-9, 37203-43-3; T 2 toxin, 21259-20-1; vomitoxin, 51481-10-8; zearalenone, 17924-92-4
- Published
- 2014
5. Diagnosing 'vulnerable system syndrome': an essential prerequisite to effective risk management
- Author
-
J T Reason, J Carthey, and M R de Leval
- Subjects
Paper ,Risk Management ,Safety Management ,Medical Errors ,Leadership and Management ,Health Policy ,education ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Organizational Culture ,State Medicine ,United Kingdom ,Accident Prevention ,Hospital Administration ,Humans ,Scapegoating ,General Nursing - Abstract
Investigations of accidents in a number of hazardous domains suggest that a cluster of organisational pathologies—the "vulnerable system syndrome" (VSS)—render some systems more liable to adverse events. This syndrome has three interacting and self-perpetuating elements: blaming front line individuals, denying the existence of systemic error provoking weaknesses, and the blinkered pursuit of productive and financial indicators. VSS is present to some degree in all organisations, and the ability to recognise its symptoms is an essential skill in the progress towards improved patient safety. Two kinds of organisational learning are discussed: "single loop" learning that fuels and sustains VSS and "double loop" learning that is necessary to start breaking free from it.
- Published
- 2001
6. The role of DNA-stained currency in gang robberies within the United Kingdom
- Author
-
Breanna K. Mead, Jennifer Karp, Tony Benson, Meilin Wan, James A. Hayward, and Benjamin Liang
- Subjects
Male ,Paper ,Engineering ,Injury control ,Accident prevention ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Poison control ,Financial system ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Genetics ,Humans ,Child ,Coloring Agents ,media_common ,business.industry ,Electrophoresis, Capillary ,DNA ,DNA Fingerprinting ,United Kingdom ,Currency ,Cash ,Crime ,business ,computer - Abstract
Cash-and-valuables-in-transit (CViT) robberies have become a substantial problem-especially in the current global economy. Over £19.4 million were stolen in 2008 and £17.1 million in 2009 in the United Kingdom alone. The transportation of cash and valuable items between financial institutions has long been a target of robberies in the U.K. After a robbery has occurred, police collect evidence in the form of ink-stained currency. These stained notes are submitted for analysis. Samples are subjected to polymerase chain reaction in order to amplify any possible botanically derived DNA markers present on the notes. After amplification, capillary electrophoresis allows for the deciphering of the "DNA profile." The DNA profile is then linked to a particular cash box, and this information is compared with records of whether or not that box had been stolen. The cases below are three such instances where botanically marked currency was used to help solve robberies. Language: en
- Published
- 2012
7. Preventing chlorine gas accidents
- Author
-
Alan K, Austin
- Subjects
Paper ,Accident Prevention ,Petroleum ,Drug Industry ,Gas Poisoning ,Occupational Exposure ,Food Industry ,Humans ,Chlorine ,Pesticides ,Environmental Monitoring ,Water Purification - Published
- 2005
8. A bizarre bezoar: case report and review of the literature
- Author
-
Itamar Avigad, P. Schachter, R. D. Goldman, M. Katz, and R. Bilik
- Subjects
Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Injury control ,Adolescent ,Accident prevention ,Poison control ,Palpable abdominal mass ,Bezoars ,medicine ,Humans ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Surgery ,Intestines ,Radiography ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Abdomen ,Bezoar ,Toilet paper ,Female ,Foreign body ,business - Abstract
A bizarre case of a foreign-body bezoar is presented. A 16-year-old girl swallowed large amounts of toilet paper as a means of dieting. She presented with a palpable abdominal mass, multiple bezoars in the bowel, and paper excretion in the feces before admitting intentional ingestion of toilet-paper balls. Administration of Gastrografin via a nasogastric tube and enemas resulted in gradual excretion of the paper balls.
- Published
- 1999
9. Toxicity of combustion products from burning polymers: development and evaluation of methods
- Author
-
P. L. Wright and C. H. Adams
- Subjects
Male ,Paper ,Hot Temperature ,Time Factors ,Materials science ,Injury control ,Polymers ,Accident prevention ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Polyurethanes ,Poison control ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Fires ,Lethal Dose 50 ,Propane ,Organophosphorus Compounds ,Smoke ,Methods ,Animals ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Gossypium ,Methanol ,Textiles ,Temperature ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Articles ,Polymer ,Pulp and paper industry ,Wood ,Rats ,chemistry ,Wool ,Combustion products ,Female - Abstract
Laboratory and room-scale experiments were conducted with natural and synthetic polymers: cotton, paper, wood, wool, acetate, acrylic, nylon, and urethane. Smoke and off-gases from single materials were generated in a dual-compartment 110-liter exposure chamber. Multicomponent, composite fuel loads were burned within a 100 m3 facility subdivided into rooms. In chamber experiments, mortality depended on the amount of material burned, i.e., fuel consumption (FC). Conventional dose (FC)/mortality curves were obtained, and the amount of fuel required to produce 50% mortality (FC50) was calculated. With simple flame ignition, cotton was the only material that produced smoke concentrations lethal to rats; FC50 values for cotton ranged from 2 g to 9 g, depending on the configuration of the cotton sample burned. When supplemental conductive heat was added to flame ignition, the following FC50 values were obtained; nylon, 7 g; acrylic, 8 g; newsprint, 9 g; cotton, 10 g; and wood, 11 g. Mortality resulting from any given material depended upon the specific conditions employed for its thermal decomposition. Toxicity of off-gasses from pyrolysis of phosphorus-containing trimethylol propane—polyurethane foams was markedly decreased by addition of a flame ignition source. Further studies are needed to determine the possible relevance of single-material laboratory scale smoke toxicity experiments. Room-scale burns were conducted to assess the relative contributions of single materials to toxicity of smoke produced by a multicomponent self-perpetuating fire. Preliminary results suggest that this approach permits a realistic evaluation of the contribution of single materials to the toxicity of smoke from residential fires. ImagesFIGURE 2.
- Published
- 1976
10. Reading from Microfiche, a VDT, and the Printed Page: Subjective Fatigue and Performance
- Author
-
W H Cushman
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Paper ,Engineering ,genetic structures ,Injury control ,Accident prevention ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Poison control ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,050105 experimental psychology ,law.invention ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,law ,Reading (process) ,Computer graphics (images) ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Fatigue ,050107 human factors ,Applied Psychology ,Simulation ,media_common ,Data display ,Computers ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Middle Aged ,Reading ,Data Display ,Female ,Microform ,business ,Video Display Terminals - Abstract
Subjects read continuous text for 80 min using microfiche and video display terminals (VDTs) with negative- and positive-appearing images and printed paper copy. Measurements of visual fatigue (ocular discomfort) and reading speed were obtained periodically, and a test of reading comprehension was given at the end of each session. Visual fatigue was significantly greater when subjects read from negative microfiche (light characters, dark background) projected on a metal screen or from the screen of a VDT with positive-appearing images (dark characters, light background). However, when subjects read from microfiche projected on a high-reflectance matte screen or from the screen of a VDT with negative images, visual fatigue was not significantly greater than that reported for the printed materials. Reading speeds tended to be slower for the negative image conditions. but reading comprehension scores were similar for all conditions.
- Published
- 1986
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.