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In this study, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) of capsanthin from red paprika was optimized by response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design. Three independent variables (temperature, static time, and extraction solvent) were studied at 1 500 psi. As the response variable, capsanthin was quantitatively determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) using a BEH C18 column after validating the capsanthin analysis method. The optimal extraction conditions were temperature of 100°C, static time of 5 min, and extraction solvent of 50 % acetone/ethanol (v/v). Under the optimized condition, the yield of capsanthin extraction was 26.86 ± 3.70 mg/100 g dry weight (dw), in good agreement with the predicted value (26.12 mg/100 g dw). Compared to conventional solvent extraction, the amount of organic solvent and required extraction time was reduced. This study provides technical guidance for the industrial extraction of capsanthin and improves the utilization of red paprika. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] New accelerated solvent extraction use for cocaine analytes isolation in meconium samples. [•] Fully validated method for cocaine fetal exposure confirmation, with proper sensibility. [•] Minor sample handling, smaller demand of organic solvents, faster and accurate procedure. [•] Successful method application in meconium samples from University Hospital, Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A method for the determination of coenzyme Q10 in bee pollen has been developed applying an online cleanup of accelerated solvent extraction and using environmentally acceptable organic solvents. The extracted samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The optimised method employed 10mL extraction cells, 1g sample size, absolute ethanol as extraction solvent, 80°C of extraction temperature, one extraction cycle, 5min of static time, Cleanert Alumina-N as sorbent and 60% flush volume. The method was validated by means of an evaluation of the matrix effects, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), trueness, precision and stability. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.25–200mg/L and the LOD and LOQ were 0.16 and 0.35mg/kg, respectively. The recoveries were above 90%. The inter- and intra-day precision was below 6.3%. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of bee pollen samples. For 20 bee pollen products, the coenzyme Q10 content varied from not detectable to 192.8mg/kg. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Carotenoids are known for their antioxidant activity and health promoting effects. One of the richest sources of carotenoids are carrots. However, about 25% of the annual production is regarded as by-products due to strict market policies. The aim of this study was to extract carotenoids from those by-products. Conventional carotenoid extraction methods require the use of organic solvents, which are costly, environmentally hazardous, and require expensive disposal procedures. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) utilizes conventional solvents at elevated temperatures and pressure, and it requires less solvent and shorter extraction times. The extraction solvent of choice in this study was ethanol, which is a solvent generally recognized as safe (GRAS). The extraction procedure was optimized by varying the extraction time (2-10 min) and the temperature (60-180 °C). β-Carotene was used as an indicator for carotenoids content in the carrots. The results showed that time and temperatures of extraction have significant effect on the yield of carotenoids. Increasing the flush volume during extraction did not improve the extractability of carotenoids, indicating that the extraction method was mainly desorption/diffusion controlled. Use of a dispersing agent that absorbs the moisture content was important for the efficiency of extraction. Analysing the content of β-carotene at the different length of extraction cycles showed that about 80% was recovered after around 20 min of extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The extraction and determination of cytisine, sophocarpine, matrine, sophoridine and oxymatrine in Sophora flavescens Ait. were performed using subcritical water extraction and capillary electrophoresis with field-amplified sample stacking. The effects of extraction temperature, pressure, time and cycle number on the extraction yields were investigated systematically for accelerated solvent extraction with ethanol (ASE) and accelerated solvent extraction with water (subcritical water extraction, SWE). The extraction yields obtained using SWE, ASE, water ultrasonic extraction and chloroform soaking extraction methods were compared. The electrophoresis separation buffer was monosodium phosphate (pH 3.0; 110mM)-isopropanol (85:15, v/v). The effect of phosphoric acid added to the sample matrix on the reproducibility of the peak heights of the analytes was also examined. Cytisine, sophoridine and oxymatrine showed good linearity (R 2 >0.999) within 0.125–4.0μg/mL, and sophocarpine and matrine exhibited good linearity (R 2 >0.998) within 0.0625–2.0μg/mL, with the detection limits in the range of 0.004–0.0013μg/mL. The five alkaloid contents in medicinal plants from different sources and Sophora instant granule were determined and compared. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Two common laboratory extraction techniques were evaluated for routine use with the micro-colorimetric lipid determination method developed by Van Handel (1985) [2] and recently validated for small samples by Inouye and Lotufo (2006) [1]. With the accelerated solvent extraction method using chloroform:methanol solvent and the colorimetric lipid determination method, 28 of 30 samples had significant proportional bias (α=1%, determined using standard additions) and 1 of 30 samples had significant constant bias (α=1%, determined using Youden Blank measurements). With sonic extraction, 0 of 6 samples had significant proportional bias (α=1%) and 1 of 6 samples had significant constant bias (α=1%). These demonstrate that the accelerated solvent extraction method with chloroform:methanol solvent system creates an interference with the colorimetric assay method, and without accounting for the bias in the analysis, inaccurate measurements would be obtained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]