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Pelvic abscess is one of the most common acute abdominal diseases in women of childbearing age. Traditional antibiotic conservative treatment is usually delayed and difficult to completely cure. Some patients can fail conservative treatment and switch to surgery. Pelvic abscess not only causes chronic pelvic pain, but also affects female reproductive and endocrine functions. Severe cases can endanger the patient′s life. Laparoscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of pelvic abscess. Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery is safe and effective. In patients undergoing early operation, the course of disease was significantly shortened and symptoms were alleviated in the aspects of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative body temperature recovery and intestinal function recovery. Patients have a high rate of tubal recanalization, and have more chances to retain the uterus and appendix, improve reproductive endocrine function, reduce pelvic recurrence, and improve quality of life. Laparoscopic surgery should be performed as early as possible in patients who are expected to fail in simple antibiotic conservative therapy and in young women with fertility requirements. In addition, individual surgical procedures should be formulated. Because the operation of pelvic abscess is relatively complicated, it is recommended to be performed by a gynecologist who is proficient in laparoscopic techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]