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We report a polarization beam splitter based on phase gradient metasurface for microwave frequency region. The metasurface is constructed by anisotropic cells with independent phase response for differently-polarized waves. Through putting different gradient phases for orthogonally-polarized waves on a focusing metasurface, the anisotropic sample has the ability to enhance gain and split orthogonally-polarized waves. The simulation results indicate that the incident spherical waves are converted into plane waves and split into an x-polarized wave with a refraction angle of −24° and a y-polarized wave with a refraction angle of 37.6° in the y direction. For verification, a metasurface sample with a size of 102.5 mm ×102.5 mm is fabricated and measured. The consistence between numerical and experimental results validates the improved gain of 10.5-dB against the feed source and the splitting effect. Moreover, the thickness of the proposed metasurface is 3 mm which is ultra-thin against the wavelength at 15 GHz. The proposed prescription opens a new route to the applications of anisotropic metasurface in microwave band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]