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A prospective phase II clinical treatment trial of 13 patients with previously untreated optimal surgically resected (< or = 1 cm stage III ovarian carcinoma was conducted at the University of Michigan Hospitals. The treatment regimen after surgical resection consisted of chemotherapy followed by whole abdomen and pelvic radiation therapy. Chemotherapy consisted of four cycles of 50 mg/m2 cisplatin and 1000 mg/m2 cytoxan. This was followed by whole abdomen radiation therapy with a planned total dose of 30 Gy to the whole abdomen and then a 20-Gy boost to the pelvis. Six of 13 patients received a paraaortic radiation boost. There was minimal acute toxicity, but delayed toxicity was encountered with 38% of patients developing a bowel obstruction. Nine patients had reassessment laparotomy: 5 second-look laparotomies and 4 laparotomies for bowel obstruction. Two of these 9 patients died of septic complications after surgery. Nine patients died with disease, 1 patient is alive with advanced disease, and only 3 patients are alive with no evidence of disease. Actuarial 3-year survival and progression-free interval was 26 and 20%, respectively. Primary treatment consisting of sequential chemotherapy and whole abdomen radiation in the dose and scheme utilized did not improve the survival over what could be expected utilizing one of these treatments alone. It was associated with increased delayed toxicity.