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The cohort consisted of 9400 exposed children diagnosed with ventricular septal defect (VSD). The risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or asthma with VSD was assessed using the Cox proportional hazard model with an inverse probability of treatment weighting. During a mean follow-up of 6.67 years (starting from 12 months after birth), there were 2100 CAP admission cases among exposed patients (incidence rate: 33.2 per 1000 person-years) and 20,109 CAP admission cases among unexposed children (incidence rate: 29.6 per 1000 person-years), with hazard ration of 1.09 (95% CI 1.04–1.14). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]