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A range of technologies must be developed and deployed for achieving a decarbonised energy system. A smart grid aims to integrate these different technologies into a single, over-arching system that is at the same time both complex and interoperable, which cannot be achieved without standardisation. Moreover, standardisation is a method of transferring research into successful processes and products. Without this, existing conventional energy systems will not change much longer, as it is more difficult to achieve significant market penetration of new technologies and deployment of new functions and applications. It seems that standardisation issues are not sufficiently addressed in scientific publications and are treated as a very specific topic by community of researchers despite the fact that standards may serve as a knowledge base for further research and improvement of emerging technologies and approaches. This paper presents a bird's-eye smart grid standardisation review based on a unique functionality - technology approach developed within Horizon 2020 project PANTERA.

This paper summarises results and experiences from several demonstration projects across European countries in the field of battery energy storage system (BESS) integration to the power system. These research projects are selected among research institutes and universities that are part of the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA) Joint Program on Smart Grids. The paper categorizes these projects according to the demonstrated applications of BESS and then reviews specific aspects of each project. This paper provides an opportunity to find out the summary of the most recent results as well as challenges and open research questions in projects focusing on different BESS application in the power system.

32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1444-1448, Forecasting and monitoring technologies for photovoltaics are required on different spatial and temporal scales by multiple actors, from the owners of PV systems to transmission system operators. In this paper the Grid integration working group of the European Technology and Innovation Platform – Photovoltaics (ETIP PV) reviews the different use cases for these technologies, their current status, and the need for future developments. Power system operations require a real-time view of PV production for managing power reserves and for feeding shortterm forecasts. They also require forecasts on all timescales from the short (for dispatching purposes), where statistical models work best, to the very long (for infrastructure planning), where physics-based models are more accurate. Power system regulations are driving the development of these techniques. This application also provides a good basis for a cost/benefit analysis since the forecasting error can be linked to the prices charged for energy imbalance.

The continuously increasing complexity of modern and sustainable power and energy systems leads to a wide range of solutions developed by industry and academia. To manage such complex system-of-systems, proper engineering and validation approaches, methods, concepts, and corresponding tools are necessary. The Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM), an approach that has been developed during the last couple of years, provides a very good and structured basis for the design, development, and validation of new solutions and technologies. This review therefore provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art and related work for the theory, distribution, and use of the aforementioned architectural concept. The article itself provides an overview of the overall method and introduces the theoretical fundamentals behind this approach. Its usage is demonstrated in several European and national research and development projects. Finally, an outlook about future trends, potential adaptations, and extensions is provided as well.

This paper presents the main objectives, approach, results and challenges achieved so far of the H2020 project PANTERA (PAN European Technology Energy Research Approach). A special highlight of the work carried out in the Balkan region considering the first PANTERA workshop in Sofia, Bulgaria is given. Based on analysis of the results achieved, the potential for improvements and future steps are elaborated.

With the increasing availability of DC consumable appliances as well as the increasing penetration of direct current (DC) Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) such as photovoltaics (PV) and Energy Storage Systems (ESS), the future yields to the concept of DC power distribution systems. In the developed world, as the conventional distribution grids are based on AC, a hybrid approach of AC and DC grids and assets seems to be a good approach. Therefore, an increasing attention on the utilization of hybrid DC -AC nanogrids is expected to hostsmart building enabling technologies and to accommodate high RES penetration and gain technoeconomical advantages This paper explores and analyzes these advantages focusing on the case study of the hybrid nanogrid of the University of Cyprus and examines the economic gains of the system based on a techno-economic analysis of the FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy nanogrid. The main outcome of this study is that the penetration of the photovoltaic system as well as the energy storage system connected to the DC busbar of an hybrid architecture, can play an important role to the reduction of the imported energy from the grid and increase the self-consumption with the energy transferred directly to the load.

The continuously increasing complexity of modern and sustainable power and energy systems leads to a wide range of solutions developed by industry and academia. To manage such complex system-of-systems, proper engineering and validation approaches, methods, concepts, and corresponding tools are necessary. The Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM), an approach that has been developed during the last couple of years, provides a very good and structured basis for the design, development, and validation of new solutions and technologies. This review therefore provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art and related work for the theory, distribution, and use of the aforementioned architectural concept. The article itself provides an overview of the overall method and introduces the theoretical fundamentals behind this approach. Its usage is demonstrated in several European and national research and development projects. Finally, an outlook about future trends, potential adaptations, and extensions is provided as well.

The high penetration of the Renewable Energy Sources and other emerging technologies likely to be installed in future power grids will pose new operational challenges to grid operators. One of the main issues expected to affect the operation of the power grid is the impact of inverter-based technologies to the power system inertia and, hence, to system stability. Consequently, the main challenge of the future grid is the evaluation of the frequency stability in the presence of inverter-based systems and how the aforementioned technology can support frequency stability without the help of the rotating masses of the traditional power grid systems. To assess the above problem, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the frequency stability in a projection of the real distribution grid in Cyprus with the time horizon to be the year 2030. The power grid under investigation is evaluated with and without the presence of smart hierarchical controllers for providing support to the power system under disturbance conditions. The advanced controllers were applied to manage the available power resource in a fast and effective manner to maintain frequency within nominal levels. The controllers have been implemented in two hierarchical levels revealing useful responses for managing low-inertia networks. The first is set to act locally within a preselected area and the second level effectively supporting the different areas for optimal operation. After undertaking a significant number of simulations for time-series of one year, it was concluded from the results that the local control approach manages to minimize the frequency excursion effectively and influence all related attributes including the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF), frequency nadir and frequency zenith.