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The purpose of this research is to provide recommendations for the management of glycemic control in critically ill patients., Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published, Pour la Société Française d'Anesthésie-Réanimation (SFAR); Société de Réanimation de langue Française (SRLF) and the Experts group

Additional file 4. Sensitivity analyses of SF-12 outcomes of parents who have only one child in the study.

Overview of the sMR concentrations in the different sites of bacterial infections. sMR: soluble mannose receptor, IQR: interquartile range (DOCX 15 kb)

Additional file 4. (VanDyck-ICU-FM-additional_table4). Cause of death for 90 day mortality. Description of data: Cause of death for patients who died within 90 days after randomization

Additional file 2. Figure 1. Caloric intake of early PN and late PN patients during the first week in ICU. Daily total caloric intake and caloric intake from enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition are shown for the propensity score-matched subgroup of 564 early PN and 564 late PN patients during the first week in ICU (intervention window).

Additional file 2. Definition of ‘syndrome’.

Additional file 2. Definition of ‘syndrome’.

Performance of serum sMR for the diagnosis of IFI in critically ill patients. 3a: Test characteristics of sMR for the diagnosis of IFI in all patients on the day of antimicrobial initiation for patients with a new infection and matched ICU day for patients without a new infection. aROC 0.65 (95% CI 0.59–0.70). 3b: Test characteristics of sMR for the diagnosis of IFI in all patients on the day before the day of antimicrobial initiation for patients with a new infection and matched ICU day for patients without a new infection. aROC 0.67 (95% CI 0.62–0.72). 3c: Test characteristics of sMR for the diagnosis of IFI in all patients 2 days before the day of antimicrobial initiation for patients with a new infection and matched ICU day for patients without a new infection. aROC 0.70 (95% CI 0.65–0.75). 3d: Test characteristics of sMR for the diagnosis of IFI in all patients 3 days before the day of antimicrobial initiation for patients with a new infection and matched ICU day for patients without a new infection. aROC 0.72 (95% CI 0.67–0.77). 3e: Test characteristics of sMR for the diagnosis of IFI in all patients 4 days before the day of antimicrobial initiation for patients with a new infection and matched ICU day for patients without a new infection. aROC 0.73 (95% CI 0.68–0.78). 3f: Test characteristics of sMR for the diagnosis of IFI in all patients 5 days before the day of antimicrobial initiation for patients with a new infection and matched ICU day for patients without a new infection. aROC 0.70 (95% CI 0.65–0.75). Performance is shown for sMR concentrations for the day of antimicrobial initiation and for each of the five preceding days. CI: confidence interval, PPV: positive predictive value, NPV: negative predictive value, LR +: positive likelihood ratio, LR -: negative likelihood ratio. (DOCX 29 kb)

Performance of serum sMR for the diagnosis of IFI in critically ill patients. 3a: Test characteristics of sMR for the diagnosis of IFI in all patients on the day of antimicrobial initiation for patients with a new infection and matched ICU day for patients without a new infection. aROC 0.65 (95% CI 0.59–0.70). 3b: Test characteristics of sMR for the diagnosis of IFI in all patients on the day before the day of antimicrobial initiation for patients with a new infection and matched ICU day for patients without a new infection. aROC 0.67 (95% CI 0.62–0.72). 3c: Test characteristics of sMR for the diagnosis of IFI in all patients 2 days before the day of antimicrobial initiation for patients with a new infection and matched ICU day for patients without a new infection. aROC 0.70 (95% CI 0.65–0.75). 3d: Test characteristics of sMR for the diagnosis of IFI in all patients 3 days before the day of antimicrobial initiation for patients with a new infection and matched ICU day for patients without a new infection. aROC 0.72 (95% CI 0.67–0.77). 3e: Test characteristics of sMR for the diagnosis of IFI in all patients 4 days before the day of antimicrobial initiation for patients with a new infection and matched ICU day for patients without a new infection. aROC 0.73 (95% CI 0.68–0.78). 3f: Test characteristics of sMR for the diagnosis of IFI in all patients 5 days before the day of antimicrobial initiation for patients with a new infection and matched ICU day for patients without a new infection. aROC 0.70 (95% CI 0.65–0.75). Performance is shown for sMR concentrations for the day of antimicrobial initiation and for each of the five preceding days. CI: confidence interval, PPV: positive predictive value, NPV: negative predictive value, LR +: positive likelihood ratio, LR -: negative likelihood ratio. (DOCX 29 kb)

Overview of the sMR concentrations in the different sites of bacterial infections. sMR: soluble mannose receptor, IQR: interquartile range (DOCX 15 kb)

Additional file 1. Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria of EPaNIC and DAS trials. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for patient recruitment in the EPaNIC and DAS trials.

Additional file 6. Evolution of DNA methylation over time of pattern 1–4 in individual critically ill patients. Detailed time profiles are shown for ten patients of representative CpG-sites classified to pattern 1, pattern 2, pattern 3, and pattern 4.

Additional file 1. Psychometric characteristics of the questionnaires and additional information about variables for analyses.

Additional file 2. Detailed demographic information regarding socioeconomic status and diagnostic category.

sMR concentrations in the three studied patient groups from one until 5Â days preceding the matching day. Serum sMR concentrations in patients with non-infectious inflammation (green), bacterial infections (bleu) and invasive fungal infections (red). Yellow-shaded bars represent the interquartile ranges of the sMR concentration of 59 healthy controls. Double-sided p values were calculated with Student t test with double square root transformed data. (DOCX 338 kb)

Additional file 3. Pooled univariable analyses of the differences in HRQoL outcomes between study groups.

Table showing total healthcare costs split by age into two groups. (DOC 28 kb)

Additional file 5. Summary of ANOVA results comparing DNA methylation levels in patients at different time points during PICU stay versus healthy children. DNA methylation levels of the 147 CpG-sites that were not yet differentially methylated in patients upon PICU admission versus healthy children were compared for patients at day 3, day 5 and day 7 in PICU versus healthy children with the use of ANOVA and application of a false discovery rate of 0.05, with reporting of unadjusted p values.

Additional file 4. Sensitivity analyses of SF-12 outcomes of parents who have only one child in the study.

Additional file 5. Scales and score interpretation of the questionnaires.

Additional file 6. Evolution of DNA methylation over time of pattern 1–4 in individual critically ill patients. Detailed time profiles are shown for ten patients of representative CpG-sites classified to pattern 1, pattern 2, pattern 3, and pattern 4.

Pareto charts of the cost categories in Belgian and Dutch patients, shown separately. (DOC 183 kb)

Additional file 3. Total energy intake of early-PN and late-PN patients on the first 7 days in PICU. Bar graphs showing total energy intake of early-PN and late-PN patients on the first 7 days in PICU.

Background The ‘obesity paradox’ of critical illness refers to better survival with a higher body mass index. We hypothesized that fat mobilized from excess adipose tissue during critical illness provides energy more efficiently than exogenous macronutrients and could prevent lean tissue wasting. Methods In lean and premorbidly obese mice, the effect of 5 days of sepsis-induced critical illness on body weight and composition, muscle wasting, and weakness was assessed, each with fasting and parenteral feeding. Also, in lean and overweight/obese prolonged critically ill patients, markers of muscle wasting and weakness were compared. Results In mice, sepsis reduced body weight similarly in the lean and obese, but in the obese with more fat loss and less loss of muscle mass, better preservation of myofibre size and muscle force, and less loss of ectopic lipids, irrespective of administered feeding. These differences between lean and obese septic mice coincided with signs of more effective hepatic fatty acid and glycerol metabolism, and ketogenesis in the obese. Also in humans, better preservation of myofibre size and muscle strength was observed in overweight/obese compared with lean prolonged critically ill patients. Conclusions During critical illness premorbid obesity, but not nutrition, optimized utilization of stored lipids and attenuated muscle wasting and weakness., Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 8 (1), ISSN:2190-5991, ISSN:2190-6009

Additional file 5. Scales and score interpretation of the questionnaires.

Table showing total healthcare costs split by age into two groups. (DOC 28 kb)

Table showing total healthcare costs split by diagnosis into four groups. (DOC 31 kb)

Additional file 3. Total energy intake of early-PN and late-PN patients on the first 7 days in PICU. Bar graphs showing total energy intake of early-PN and late-PN patients on the first 7 days in PICU.

sMR concentrations in the three studied patient groups from one until 5Â days preceding the matching day. Serum sMR concentrations in patients with non-infectious inflammation (green), bacterial infections (bleu) and invasive fungal infections (red). Yellow-shaded bars represent the interquartile ranges of the sMR concentration of 59 healthy controls. Double-sided p values were calculated with Student t test with double square root transformed data. (DOCX 338 kb)

Additional file 1. Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria of EPaNIC and DAS trials. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for patient recruitment in the EPaNIC and DAS trials.

Additional file 1. Definition of educational and occupational level of parents

Table showing resource utilisation and costs per centre separately in Belgian and Dutch patients respectively. (DOC 37 kb)

Additional file 3. (VanDyck-ICU-FM-additional_table3). Nutrition on the intervention day and clinical endpoints. Description of data: Nutrition on the intervention day combined for both intervention windows. ICU-related complications for 7 days after the study day, or until ICU discharge if the ICU stay was shorter, and for short- and long-term mortality.

Table showing resource utilisation and costs per centre separately in Belgian and Dutch patients respectively. (DOC 37 kb)

Additional file 1. Psychometric characteristics of the questionnaires and additional information about variables for analyses.

Additional file 3. (VanDyck-ICU-FM-additional_table3). Nutrition on the intervention day and clinical endpoints. Description of data: Nutrition on the intervention day combined for both intervention windows. ICU-related complications for 7 days after the study day, or until ICU discharge if the ICU stay was shorter, and for short- and long-term mortality.

Additional file 5. Summary of ANOVA results comparing DNA methylation levels in patients at different time points during PICU stay versus healthy children. DNA methylation levels of the 147 CpG-sites that were not yet differentially methylated in patients upon PICU admission versus healthy children were compared for patients at day 3, day 5 and day 7 in PICU versus healthy children with the use of ANOVA and application of a false discovery rate of 0.05, with reporting of unadjusted p values.

Additional file 2. Figure 1. Caloric intake of early PN and late PN patients during the first week in ICU. Daily total caloric intake and caloric intake from enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition are shown for the propensity score-matched subgroup of 564 early PN and 564 late PN patients during the first week in ICU (intervention window).