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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship modeling is one of the major computational tools employed in medicinal chemistry. However, throughout its entire history it has drawn both praise and criticism concerning its reliability, limitations, successes, and failures. In this paper, we discuss: (i) the development and evolution of QSAR; (ii) the current trends, unsolved problems, and pressing challenges; and (iii) several novel and emerging applications of QSAR modeling. Throughout this discussion, we provide guidelines for QSAR development, validation, and application, which are summarized in best practices for building rigorously validated and externally predictive QSAR models. We hope that this Perspective will help communications between computational and experimental chemists towards collaborative development and use of QSAR models. We also believe that the guidelines presented here will help journal editors and reviewers apply more stringent scientific standards to manuscripts reporting new QSAR studies, as well as encourage the use of high quality, validated QSARs for regulatory decision making.

[EN] The sense of crisis of democracy, accentuated during the periods of economic recession, agrees to review the idea of participation and collective construction of the audience. The aim of this paper is to study the forms of participation and the relationship with the audience in the performing arts in recent years, and its contextualization in the evolution since the nineties. The analysis focuses on the work of Roger Bernat and Juan Dominguez and its evolution from the first person to build a collective subject through the audience., [ES] La conciencia de crisis de las democracias, acentuada en los periodos de recesión económica, obliga a revisar la idea de participación y la construcción colectiva de lo público. El objetivo de este artículo es el estudio de las formas de participación y la relación con el público en las artes escénicas en los últimas, así como su contextualización dentro de la evolución desde los años noventa. El análisis se centra en la trayectoria de Roger Bernat y Juan Domínguez y su recorrido del trabajo en primera persona a la construcción de un sujeto colectivo incorporado por el público.

This year is the 10th anniversary of the unexpected premature loss of Peter Steinert, an original editor of our journal ‘Cell Death and Differentiation'. Peter M Steinert (1945–2003)1 was born in Australia and received his PhD in Biochemistry from the University of Adelaide, South Australia. There he worked with Professor George E Rogers on wool proteins. In 1973, after post-docs at Boston University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he opted to join the Dermatology Branch of the National Cancer Institute. In 1990, he was appointed as the Head of the Laboratory of Skin Biology within the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), part of the National Institute of Health at Bethesda, Maryland (Figure 1). Figure 1 Dr Peter M Steinert (1945–2003) (a) and his laboratory (b). Structural model of the cornified model,2 as modified in the study by Candi et al.4 (c) Peter Steinert's interests were epidermal proteins and other features of pluristratified epithelia, including structural proteins and enzymes, alike. This elucidated numerous molecular mechanisms underlying various dermatological disorders – not least the ichthyoses. Peter Steinert's major achievements included studies on keratins structure and keratin-intermediate filament assembly; identification of novel, cornified-cell-envelope components; characterisation of enzymes involved in their cross-linking (TGs, transglutamisases) – including the three-dimensional structure of TG3; identification of the biochemical steps leading to cornified-cell-envelope assembly. On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the death of Peter,1 and in recognition of his unique contribution to science, and in particular the field of dermatological biology, we propose that the model2 that Peter published in Cell Death and Differentiation (CDD) in 1995 be discussed here. Peter M Steinert developed an accurate method to dissect biochemically the cornified-cell envelope (CE) of the human epidermis, examining protein and lipid components. He was able to confirm that the CE comprises a protein and a lipid constituent, necessary to provide a vital physical barrier in mammals (Figure 1c).34 The protein component is a 10-nm-thick layer of highly insoluble and cross-linked proteins deposited on the intracellular side of the plasma membrane of differentiated keratinocytes in the epidermis or in epithelial cells of other stratified squamous epithelia, Figure 1c. In 1995, Peter Steinert and his colleague, Lyuben Marekov, published a paper on the order of assembly of the proteins elafin, filaggrin, keratin filaments, loricrin, and small proline-rich proteins (SPRs) 1 and 2, cross-linked by TGs in the CE.5 Several indirect data were available at that time, suggesting that these proteins were components of the CE. However, to design experiments to demonstrate that they were directly involved had proven difficult, due to isopeptide cross-links that could not be hydrolysed to release intact proteins without the use of reagents that also cleaved the peptide bounds. Peter Steinert developed an accurate method, using limited proteolytic digestion, to establish biochemically how these proteins are cross-linked, in which order and which amino-acid residues in the proteins were utilised in cross-linking.5 Human CEs, purified from the foreskin epidermis, were digested with proteinase K, releasing soluble peptides corresponding to 30%, and subsequently to 35%, of the CE protein mass. The recovered peptides corresponded to the outer third (cytoplasmatic surface) and middle third of the CE, respectively. This method allowed the recovery of 145 unique peptides containing either a single peptide or diverse peptides associated with cross-linking. The peptide sequencing, overall, demonstrated that the outer third of the CE structure consists of inter- and intrachain cross-linked loricrin with SPR1, SPR2, the latter as bridging proteins between loricrin. The middle third of the CE consisted of loricrin and SPR cross-linking, mixed with cross-linked elafin, keratins 1, 2e and 10, as well as filaggrin. In his CDD article,2 Peter Steinert presented a model for the intermediate-to-final stage of CE assembly in which the proteins loricrin, SPR1 and SPR2 were deposited on a preformed scaffold; later elafin, was included. In addition, the fact that keratins and filaggrin were found, cross-linked to CE components, demonstrated unequivocally that the cytoskeleton was chemically linked to the CE. Further studies, using the same methodological approach, completed the analysis of the CE by analysing the inner third.5 This described, based on direct evidence, that involucrin was a major, isopeptide-cross-linked component of the inner CE.6 Peter M Steinert and Lyuben N Marekov then analysed the CE externally, by partial saponification of isolated, foreskin-epidermal CEs, followed by limited proteolysis, with the aim of discovering the earliest events in CE deposition.7 They recovered several lipopeptides and, using mass spectroscopy, found that the majority of the lipids were ceramides. Amino-acid sequencing revealed that 35% of the lipopeptides contained the glutamine–glutamate-rich regions of involucrin, while a further 18% contained sequences of envoplakin and periplakin. Together, these data indicated for the first time that periplakin and envoplakin, components of the desmosomes, were part of the CE and that periplakin, envoplakin and involucrin act as a substrate for ceramide attachment, by ester linkage to the CE, necessary for barrier function in the human epidermis. Further experiments carried out by Peter Steinert and his collaborators on ceramide–CE–protein attachment mechanisms have revealed that TG1 is responsible for the catalysis of the ester bond.8 Peter M Steinert passed away suddenly on the 7th April 2003,1 this current year marking the first decade since his sad departure. His immense professional contribution to the field of dermatological biology is clearly illustrated by no fewer than 380 articles published since 1990, with well over 18 000 citations (H-index 78), not to mention the articles published in our journal.2, 9 Peter M Steinert is sorely missed, while his endeavours continue to produce conceptual advances that will ensure his long-lasting influence in this area of expertise.

Thymic epithelial tumors (thymomas, thymic carcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors - NETs) are rare primary mediastinal neoplasms, recently classified as orphan diseases. Their rarity might explain the fact that currently, no official staging system has been defined by the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC). However, the appropriate staging of these tumors has been matter of debate and several proposals have been published over the years, but very few have received a clinical validation. Recently an international database for thymic malignancies has been provided by the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG); one of its aims is to accomplish a new and evidence based staging system, to allow progress in clinical management in thymic tumors. This paper will review the history of proposed staging systems, comparing resemblances and differences, being a sort of starting point for the development of a new widely accepted clinical staging system.

Централна теза овог рада јесте да је мјузикл од почетка XXI века најекспониранији позоришни жанр у Србији. Носилац експанзије јесте београдско Позориште на Теразијама, у којем се од 2001. уочава планирана стратегија развоја „бродвејског“ мјузикла. Интересовање за мјузикл уочљиво је и изван престонице, те су се позоришта широм Србије упустила у „освајање“ ове позоришне форме. Након кратког прегледа историјата мјузикла у Србији пре 2000. године, прелазимо на дефинисање мјузикла, али и сродних театарских форми (које се често погрешно називају мјузиклима); затим, разматрамо тренутне домете српског мјузикла и указујемо на најважније проблеме са којима се суочавају глумци, редитељи и продуценти. Напокон, анализирамо три репрезентативна примера српских мјузикала – Зона Замфирова (р. Кокан Младеновић, Позориште на Теразијама), Главо луда (р. Никола Булатовић, Позориште на Теразијама) и Отац на службеном путу (р. Оливер Фрљић, Атеље 212). This paper deals with the sudden increase in popularity of the genre of musical in Serbia since 2000. We argue that, since the beginning of the new millennium, this often underrated theatrical genre has been steadily on the rise, both in terms of quality and quantity. This trend was initiated by the Terazije Theater in Belgrade, where one may notice a well-defined strategy of developing and promoting the so-called "Broadway musical", including its most complex subgenre "book musical". Efforts have been made both to "import" successful foreign productions and to implement what has been learned and develop a specifically Serbian brand of musical. Aside from the Terazije Theater and other theaters in Belgrade, efforts to produce and perform musicals have also been noticeable in other theaters all over Serbia. After sketching out a brief history of musicals in Serbia before 2000, we attempt to define various types of musicals, but also to differentiate between musicals and other similar but different theatrical forms which do not satisfy the criteria to bear this label. Moreover, we discuss the current stage of development of Serbian musical and its achievements, but also point to the most relevant problems faced by actors, directors and producers working in the field of musical theater. Finally, we analyse three representative examples of successful Serbian musicals - Zona Zamfirova (directed by Kokan Mladenović, Terazije Theater), Crazy Head (directed by Nikola Bulatović, Terazije Theater) and When Father Was Away on Business (directed by Oliver Frljić, Atelje 212).

Artykuł recenzowany / peer-reviewed article This paper has two objectives – the first one is to present the current state and prospects of Poland’s commitment in NATO-led crisis management operations. The second aim is to give recommendations for policy makers (what is the author’s assumption) for this area. The author is trying to give answers to some research questions like: What is NATO’s role in Poland’s Security Policy? What is the role of crisis management operations in NATO’s strategy from Lisbon. How was Poland participating in NATO’s missions in last few years? And what are their consequences? The answers to these questions will help to make a number of general and specific conclusions. They also allow enunciating many recommendations which were placed in the final section of the text. The author encourages, among others, equal treatment of collective defense and crisis management operations. And the commitment in the above, which allows Poland’s real potential. The author also makes the thesis, telling us about the need for a civil capacity to assist countries in the process of transformation. All of the recommendations are properly backed up and create a field for a content-related discussion on the following subject.

First part of the paper considers the problem of defining food security and scientists’ current attitude towards defining and measuring the level of food security. The second part presents an overview of the current food security determinants and trends in the world as well as the current situation in this field. This is the background for the third part, which tackles the problem of food security in China, including current situation, the main challenges and the means taken to ensure this security. Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00.

La lectura al segle XXI és un tema que per als bibliotecaris inclou molts aspectes apassionants i difícils d'aglutinar en una hora i mitja. En aquesta ocasió, hem volgut parlar no només amb bibliotecaris, sinó també amb altres actors involucrats en aquest sector. El resultat ha estat un debat ric i divers, que ha abastat aspectes com el comportament del lector, l'accés a la informació, els canvis en la lectura, el llibre electrònic o el paper de les institucions i la societat. La lectura en el siglo XXI es un tema que para los bibliotecarios incluye muchos aspectos apasionantes y difíciles de aglutinar en una hora y media. En esta ocasión, hemos querido hablar no sólo con bibliotecarios, sino también con otros actores involucrados en este sector. El resultado ha sido un debate rico y diverso, que ha abarcado aspectos como el comportamiento del lector, el acceso a la información, los cambios en la lectura, el libro electrónico o el papel de las instituciones y la sociedad. Reading in the XXI century is an exciting and challenging subject for librarians. This time, we wanted to speak not only with librarians, but also with other stakeholders. The result has been a rich and diverse discussion, which covered aspects such as reader behavior, access to information, changes in reading, e-books or the role of institutions and society.

En el marco de la política de TIC para escuelas impulsada por el estado chileno desde hace 20 años, denominada Red Enlaces, en 2011 se realizó la primera evaluación de habilidades digitales en una muestra nacional de estudiantes (SIMCE TIC). Este artículo, presenta la política Enlaces y analiza los fundamentos y resultados de esta primera medición. El SIMCE TIC midió las habilidades tecnológicas y destrezas cognitivas para gestionar información, interactuar con otros y comportarse éticamente en el mundo digital. Estas habilidades se evaluaron en un software que simula el ambiente virtual de un computador y herramientas de productividad, comunicación y navegación para resolver los problemas planteados a los estudiantes. Aproximadamente la mitad de los estudiantes evaluados en el SIMCE TIC no superaron el nivel de logro inicial del test, reflejando las limitaciones que ha tenido la política llevada a cabo por Enlaces para desarrollar este tipo de habilidades en los estudiantes. Estos resultados también confirman la novedad y dificultad que estas habilidades representan para el sistema escolar chileno y permiten discutir de manera informada los desafíos y dificultades que debe enfrentar la política para avanzar en este campo en el futuro, In the context of the ICT policy for schools named Enlaces Network propelled for 20 years by the Chilean state, a first evaluation of digital skills (SIMCE TIC) was applied in 2011 to a national simple of students. This paper presents Enlaces’ policy and analyzes the foundations and results of this first measurement. The SIMCE TIC measured the technological and cognitive abilities to manage information, interact with others and behave in an ethical way in the digital world. These skills were evaluated through software that simulates the virtual environment of a computer and productivity, communication and navigation tools to solve problems posed to students. Approximately half the students evaluated in the SIMCE TIC achieved only the initial level of performance in the test, showing Enlaces policy’s limitations to develop these skills in students. These results also confirm the novelty and complexity that these skills represent for the Chilean educational system and open an informed discussion related to the challenges and difficulties that the ICT policy must face in this area in the future

Praca recenzowana / Peer-reviewed paper This study is devoted to the new trends in research, especially in the field of security studies, including national and international security, in the evolving areas of contemporary reality. The book is addressed especially to national and internal security students, to all students undertaking research work in the widely-understood area of security, and also to the managerial staff of various units and institutions operating within the national security and defense system. The publication contains a wide range of topics that are relevant to security, and includes the following articles: Piotr Sienkiewicz – Systems analysis of security management, Mariusz Skulimowski – Military support of humanitarian operations in Pakistan, Mieczysław Bieniek – Arab Spring – Dynamic changes in the Middle East, Henryk Ćwięk – Between Germany and Russia. The Problem of Poland’s Security in the 20th and 21st Centuries in View of Europe’s Situation. Selected Problems, Michal Pružinský, Peter Varhoľák – Selected Slovak and European security contexts, Janusz Liber – Counterintelligence support to military operations, Marek Zawartka – Security of mass events regarding stadium hooliganism. Of great interest is the article of Professor Czesław Dźwigaj – My 11th of September The Paris Retrospection, in which a different perspective on international security is presented.

W pracy omówiono wybrane ekstremalne zdarzenia meteorologiczne w Krakowie w powiązaniu z towarzyszącą im sytuacją synoptyczną. Wykorzystano wyniki pomiarów prowadzonych na stacji naukowej UJ w latach 2001-2010 oraz kalendarz sytuacji synoptycznych T. Niedźwiedzia (2010). Stwierdzono, że w ostatnich latach wzrasta częstość występowania nocy gorących (tmin≥20oC), natomiast dni upalne (tmax>30oC) pojawiają się coraz wcześniej (w maju). Ponadto, w lipcu 2006 r. (podobnie jak w 1994 r.) tworzyły one najdłuższy ciąg - 11 dni. Ekstremalny pod względem zachmurzenie był także 2006 rok. W lipcu tego roku wystąpiła najmniejsza średnia miesięczna, a usłonecznienie było rekordowo duże. Występowanie zdarzeń ekstremalnych jest uzależnione od sytuacji synoptycznej, m.in. wysokiej temperaturze i falom upałów najczęściej towarzyszy napływ powietrza zwrotnikowego przy sytuacjach antycyklonalnych, intensywnym opadom - sytuacja cyklonalna z adwekcją powietrza z północy i północnego wschodu, a przyczyną silnego wiatru są głębokie niże z układem frontów atmosferycznych. This paper discusses selected extreme meteorological events in Kraków and links them with the synoptic situation. The study uses the results of measurements taken at the Jagiellonian University’s research station during the period 2001-2010 and a calendar of synoptic situations by Niedźwiedź (2010). The study found that there was an increase in the number of hot nights (tmin≥20oC) and that the onset of hot days (tmax>30oC) was brought forward, i.e. to May. The longest series of hot days - 11 - occurred in July 2006 (similarly to 1994). The year 2010 was one of extreme precipitation values, while 2006 was marked by extreme cloudiness (the lowest average in July) and insolation (the highest sum in July and December). The occurrence of extreme events is linked to the synoptic situation, e.g. high temperatures and heat waves are typically accompanied by the advection of tropical air masses in anticyclone situations; intensive precipitation is accompanied by cyclonic situations with northern and northeastern air advection; and strong winds are caused by deep cyclones accompanied by systems of atmospheric fronts.

Praca recenzowana / Peer-reviewed paper “National and International Security in Contemporary Changing Reality” is a compelling, must-read work for those who study and try to gain a better understanding of today’s national and international security environment. A collection of diverse views of Polish and international authors on military, security, international relations, new forms of warfare such as cyber-terrorism and challenges they bring about allows the reader not only to see the whole complexity and interdependencies of the current security network, but creates a solid foundation for any further studies, especially for those readers who wish to obtain a better understanding of the Polish and other former Warsaw Pact countries’ perspective on the current and future role of international organizations such as NATO and the EU. While discussing security and defense from many different angles, authors – whose backgrounds are diverse and who jointly represent a vast and profound experience in defense-related matters – invite the reader to embark on a fascinating journey through the modern world of multifaceted security relations, links among sometime remote areas of defence-related studies, and challenges that not only NATO and its members but all the nations of the modern world must face and live up to.

The significance of the sonic, especially of vocal music, in the context of animism and perspectivism was hitherto underestimated in anthropological theory. Working on examples of Shipibo-Konibo magical songs from the author’s own ethnomusicological fieldwork recordings, in this paper it is proposed that the first-person experience of médicos (healers or sorcerers) has to be considered most valuable for interpreting structures of relationships between humans and non-humans. This experience surfaces most obviously in singing styles and lyrics of songs performed by médicos in the current state of interaction with non-humans during ritual curing, worshipping, or fighting. Results obtained from this analysis include: 1) The ascription of consciousness and human or humanoid physicality to non-humans is the result of the médico’s perceptions during musically induced or controlled altered states of perception and cognition (ASPC); 2) The transformation into and identification with non-humans involve full conscious experience by the médico and therefore pertain to the highest level of evidentiality in Shipibo discourse which is ontologically determining; 3) Human physicality and competence of perception and action is not universal among all beings but is a matter of grading dependent on magical and practical powers of the respective species; 4) A "sonic perspectivism” allowing for agency in the construction of perspectives, and an "ambient multinaturalism” extending the notion of transformation from body to environment, are introduced by analysing sonic phenomena. Finally, the author proposes to focus more on indigenous praxis than on analysis and comparison of narratives in order to understand indigenous ontologies., INDIANA, Vol. 29 (2012)

Straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti dalį koncepto „kavinė" lietuvių kultūroje turinio. Kognityvinės teorijos skiria kelis konceptu tipus. Nors kartą kavinėje apsilankiusio žmogaus sąmonėje užfiksuojamas tipiškas šios vietos vaizdas, kuris vėliau gali būti tikslinamas. Kavinė siejama ir su tam tikrais stereotipiniais veiksmais. Vadinasi, pagrįsta teigti, kad konceptas „kavinė" galėtų būti aprašomas taikant tokį modelį kuris būtų tarsi tarpinis variantas tarp tipinės schemos ir scenarijaus. Tipinę koncepto „kavinė" schemą lietuvių kalbos pasaulėvaizdyje kuria trijų rūšių informacija: konkretesnė ateina rega ir uosle, abstraktesnė yra atitinkamų išgyvenimų ir įspūdžių rezultatas. Pirmiausia kavinė yra ta vieta, kurioje gali būti su(si)kuriamas išskirtinumo ir šventės įspūdis. Čia ilsimasi, švenčiama arba tiesiog leidžiamas laikas. Kavinės aplinka tekstuose apibūdinama labai lakoniškai. Esama kategorijos prototipo, savotiško standarto, vadinasi, kalbos vartotojų sąmonėje turėtų egzistuoti ir būti bent iš dalies verbalizuotas tipiškos kavinės ypatybių rinkinys. Vienas iš pagrindinių šios vietos apibūdinimų - būdvardis „jauki". Gerokai daugiau yra kontekstų, kuriuose tiek pati kavinės aplinka, tiek tai, kuo šioje vietoje žmonės užsiima, yra apibūdinama teigiamai. Su neigiamu kavinės vertinimu susijusi informacija nėra tokia gausi, tačiau ji gerokai konkretesnė, todėl galima daryti prielaidą kad tai, kas yra gerai, greičiausia pritaikoma visai kategorijai, o neigiamos charakteristikos labiau siejamos su išskirtiniais konkretesniais atvejais: nemalonia aplinka, žmogaus saugumui ar net gyvybei grėsmę keliančiomis situacijomis. In the present paper, an attempt is made to reveal the part of the content of the concept "café" in Lithuanian culture. In cognitive science, several types of concepts are distinguished. In a person's consciousness who has visited a café at least once the typical view of this place is fixated, which may be revised later. A café is related to some definite stereotypical activities as well. Thus it is possible to state that the concept café could be described applying such model that would be as the medium variant between the typical scheme and scenario. The typical scheme of the concept "café" in the Lithuanian world-view is created by the information of three types: the more particular one comes through vision and smell, the more abstract one is the result of appropriate experiences and skills. Firstly, a café is the place where the impression of oneness and holiday may be created: here people have a rest, celebrate or simply spend their time. In the texts, the environment of café is described in a very laconic way. There are the prototype of category and particular standard, thus in the language users' consciousness the partially verbalized collection of features of a typical café would have to exist. One of the main descriptions of this place is the adjective "cozy". There are more contexts where both the environment of café and the activities of people in this place are described positively. The information related to negative assessment of café is not so prolific, however it is much more concrete, thus it is possible to state that this what is good is applied to the whole category and negative characterizations are more related to exclusive and more concrete cases: the unpleasant environment and the situations that endanger the security or even the life of people.

International audience; Dry immersion, which is a ground-based model of prolonged conditions of microgravity, is widely used in Russia but is less well known elsewhere. Dry immersion involves immersing the subject in thermoneutral water covered with an elastic waterproof fabric. As a result, the immersed subject, who is freely suspended in the water mass, remains dry. For a relatively short duration, the model can faithfully reproduce most physiological effects of actual microgravity, including centralization of body fluids, support unloading, and hypokinesia. Unlike bed rest, dry immersion provides a unique opportunity to study the physiological effects of the lack of a supporting structure for the body (a phenomenon we call 'supportlessness'). In this review, we attempt to provide a detailed description of dry immersion. The main sections of the paper discuss the changes induced by long-term dry immersion in the neuromuscular and sensorimotor systems, fluid-electrolyte regulation, the cardiovascular system, metabolism, blood and immunity, respiration, and thermoregulation. The long-term effects of dry immersion are compared with those of bed rest and actual space flight. The actual and potential uses of dry immersion are discussed in the context of fundamental studies and applications for medical support during space flight and terrestrial health care.

It is claimed that today’s students are very different and have preconceived ideas about how they want to learn and what technologies they can expect to use in their classrooms. This paper looks at the use of student voice as a valid method to inform educators about what an innovative 21st century classroom might look like. Various methods are used to collect data on student views and experiences about their own learning, and what teaching practices are supportive. The particular focus of this study is to examine the drawings of primary students triangulated with selected data from questionnaires and student comments to better understand the resources and pedagogical shift that are required to give students the skills and strategies to function productively in a knowledge economy. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Novi društveni, ekonomski i politički uvjeti na prijelazu 20. i 21. stoljeća potaknuli su i novo promišljanje gradova. Smanjen demografski rast prisutan u gradovima razvijenih zemalja pruža mogućnost da se dobije na prostoru i vremenu za promišljanje novih investicija i osmišljavanje prostora za kvalitetniji život građana. Istraženo je i uspoređeno nekoliko različitih modela razvoja grada u bliskoj budućnosti. Svaki od njih ima i svoje posebnosti u promišljanju iste. Njihova analiza i usporedba doprinos su teoretskom promišljanju grada u prvoj polovici 21. stoljeća., New social, economic and political circumstances at the turn of the 21st century demand a rethinking of cities. Decreasing population figures in the cities of developed countries, offer a possibility of getting more time and space for thinking about new investments and spatial designs to improve citizens’ lives. The paper presents a comparison of several researched models of urban development for the near future, each having its own specific approach. Their analysis and comparison are the contribution to a theoretical rethinking of cities in the early 21st century.

Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library. Vain tiivistelmä. Sidottujen gradujen saatavuuden voit tarkistaa Helka-tietokannasta (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Digitaaliset gradut voivat olla luettavissa avoimesti verkossa tai rajoitetusti kirjaston opinnäytekioskeilla. Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet på nätet eller endast tillgängliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler. General objective of the study is try to understand and explain as of why the child labour persists in India amidst the high economic growth rates experienced in the post-1991 economic reform era. The examination has a dual focus. At first, the nature of economic growth in the post-1991 reform period is studied in terms of its ability to reduce the supply and demand factors that cause child labour. Poverty reduction, economic inequalities, social sector expenditure and changes in the production structure of the economy are in the main focus. Second, the aim is to analyse the impact of Indian social structure in the post-1991 reform period on the persistence of child labour. Finally, a case study of Karur district in Tamil is used to compliment the analysis. The methods of qualitative research are applied and as such the thesis will not attempt to provide accurate quantitative interrelationships between factors that cause child labour in India but rather to provide explanations and proposals as of why this might be. The study and the case study shows that in terms of its impact on eradication of child labour, the impact of ten years of gradualist economic reforms sends a mixed picture. Poverty reduction has been uneven with great disparities between states and regions, in particular the disparities between rural and urban areas persist. Even as economy has been booming, many public services have worsened. In some sectors there has been impressive progress made but the differences in terms access to these services along caste and regional lines are remarkable. The development in provision of public services such as education and health care also suffer from regional and sectoral bias. In terms of education, for a developing country India still spends far more money on tertiary education than on primary education. The growth of industrial production requires educated labour force, therefore improving the quality of education would be essential for the future of India.The economic growth in India has in particular fuelled the capital-intensive sectors, at the expense of the labour-intensive industries which would bring employment and incomes for the poor. Agricultural sector has suffered from lack of government investments. In addition to these factors, and probably in part behind all these factors are the social and cultural factors. Most of the child workers of India belong to the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes or to the Muslim community. Despite the fact that economic growth in India proceeds, caste-based discrimination continues in India and access to education and social status are still determined by the individuals caste status. The case study of rural Karur district confirms many of these notions.

The aim of this paper is to describe, review and compare some methods that are currently used for calculation of wind power capacity credit and for using the results for economic analysis. The methods to be studied are the conventional method based on equivalent firm capacity and the method denoted "secured capacity" used in the German dena study. The economic analysis concerning the capacity cost will also be analyzed. © 2008 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.”QC 20110324

There are at present 28 Jesuit colleges and universities in the United States, which together offer more than 50 health sciences degree programs. But as the Society's membership is shrinking and the financial risks involved in sponsoring health sciences education are rising, the question arises whether the Society should continue to sponsor health sciences degree programs. In fact, at least eight Jesuit health sciences schools have already closed their doors. This paper attempts to contribute to the resolution of this urgent question by reexamining Ignatius' own views on health sciences education and, more specifically, his prohibition of the Society's sponsoring medical education. It concludes on the basis of an historical analysis of Ignatius' views that there is insufficient support for today's ,Jesuits to maintain their engagement in medical and health care education.

Recent studies showed that embedding engineering at K-12 level has a positive impact on stimulating interest in- and improving learning outcomes of science and mathematics, and development of 21st Century skills. Engineering activities are used as a way for displaying an authentic applicability of taught math and science in K-12 students in real applications. In this context, an outreach activity, namely Life is Engineering Program (LIEP) was launched in 2009 by the College of Engineering at Qatar University with particular focus on Qatari male students. In LIEP, K-12 students in the 10th and 11th grade work on assembling racing cars over a period of six months throughout an accompanying program of activities, engineering workshops and seminars, and finally a race is conducted in an international racing circuit located in Qatar. The methodology of the assessment included analysis of 2 surveys each of 16 questions (including demographics, open-ended, and Likert scale up type of questions). Surveys were delivered to both LIEP participating students (Sample no. N= 57) and LIEP non-participating Qatari students (sample no. N= 51). Experimental group outcomes against Control group outcomes were analyzed; findings indicate statistical significance in perceptions towards development of significant set of 21st century competencies. Perceptions towards STEM fields were more positive for the experimental group than the control group for the majority of measuring items, however statistical significance was detected in fewer items. The paper provides further details on the LIEP outreach program, as well as the assessment, its methodology and initial findings and planned actions American Society for Engineering Education, 2015. Scopus