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The purpose of the research was to examine the challenges in educational leadership. The methods employed for the study has been an exploratory research design with deductive approach and used a qualitative data as secondary sources. Sampling is carried out with a systematic review of those published and unpublished data and it focused on a literature review of 35 peer- reviewed journals, books, articles and research works as a longitudinal or time series of mainly 5 years' data (2018 to 2022). To meet the objectives of the study a systematic review with that of a generalization of the existing approaches employed and the research findings figured out the leadership styles in education is different from other sectors as there are many stakeholders in the field which strive for quality leadership, however most importantly the transformational styles of leadership plays a predominate role to others as it encourages both the principal and the staff jointly to set the institution goals and endeavor to meet the performance. At a concluding remark, in this 21st century organizations mostly require a good leadership that characterized by situations, behaviors, transformational and servant leadership styles as these encourage the participation of employees or followers which also encourage ethics and work for mutually success. As a future direction, the author recommended that more of in-depth and field work research which makes a survey of institutional staff, students, parents of students, education bureau and quality or standard control office have to be taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maps have a thorough and indispensable role as one of the basis of our civilization. The majority of human activities connected with space can hardly be realized without adequate cartographic presentations. In the past, many people who had any contact with maps were only users. Today, however, especially with larger and larger possibilities of interactivity on web, so called democratisation of cartography encourages larger and larger number of people to use their cartographic possibilities to full extent. The paper reminds of greater and greater importance of the data obtained by means of remote sensing in the production of various cartographic presentations. It also refers to the present situation in the production of paper and multimedia (electronic) maps and to the importance of GPS, GIS, Internet and LBS (Location Based Services) in modern cartography.

BACKGROUND:The electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) industry has grown in size and organizational complexity in recent years, most notably with the entry of major tobacco companies in 2012 and the proliferation of vape shops. Many brands maintain retail websites that present e-cigarette marketing claims and sell directly to consumers. Understanding of the evolving composition of different types of e-cigarette brand websites is currently underdeveloped. OBJECTIVE:This paper presents how e-cigarette brand websites surveyed in 2013-2014 evolved by 2016-2017, and how the websites run by different types of e-cigarette producers currently differ. METHODS:In 2016-2017, we revisited 466 e-cigarette brand websites surveyed in 2013-2014, 288 of which were extant, and identified 145 new English-language websites. We compared product designs, marketing claims, and age-based warnings presented by types of e-cigarette producers: major tobacco companies, independent vape shops, and independent internet-only companies. RESULTS:Among the 433 websites examined in 2016-2017, 12 were owned by major tobacco companies, 162 operated a physical vape shop, and 259 were internet-only operations. Closed-system product designs were sold by 83% (10/12) of tobacco-owned brands. In comparison, 29.0% (47/162, P

Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rituximab is a human/murine, chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with established efficacy, and a favorable and well-defined safety profile in patients with various CD20-expressing lymphoid malignancies, including indolent and aggressive forms of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Since its first approval 20 years ago, intravenously administered rituximab has revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies and has become a standard component of care for follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and mantle cell lymphoma. For all of these diseases, clinical trials have demonstrated that rituximab not only prolongs the time to disease progression but also extends overall survival. Efficacy benefits have also been shown in patients with marginal zone lymphoma and in more aggressive diseases such as Burkitt lymphoma. Although the proven clinical efficacy and success of rituximab has led to the development of other anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in recent years (e.g., obinutuzumab, ofatumumab, veltuzumab, and ocrelizumab), rituximab is likely to maintain a position within the therapeutic armamentarium because it is well established with a long history of successful clinical use. Furthermore, a subcutaneous formulation of the drug has been approved both in the EU and in the USA for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Using the wealth of data published on rituximab during the last two decades, we review the preclinical development of rituximab and the clinical experience gained in the treatment of hematologic B-cell malignancies, with a focus on the well-established intravenous route of administration. This article is a companion paper to A. Davies, et al., which is also published in this issue.FundingF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.

Copyright of Cultures et Conflits is the property of Centre d'Etudes sur les Conflits, Revue Cultures & Conflits and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The next decades will see a sharp increase in the number of the oldest old in Poland. The increase in the number of people aged 80 years and more will be caused both by the cohort factors, as well as by a decrease in the probability of dying at advanced and very advanced age. The paper is focused on the results of official population forecasts for the oldest old and on the related challenges that should be treated as important by social policy decision makers. Particular attention is paid to surviving to the age of eligibility for receiving long-term care services, changes in health status of the oldest old, factors affecting the range of family care, and to circumstances of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professor Steven L. Wechsler, a world-renowned eye researcher and virologist, passed away unexpectedly on June 12, 2016 at the age of 68. Many scientists came to know Professor Wechsler as a gifted researcher in the field of ocular Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1) latency, reactivation, and pathogenesis. Professor Wechsler published over 150 peer-reviewed scientific papers during his career, pushing forward the frontiers of his field eye research. His colleagues would say, 'Steve literally wrote the book on herpes latency and reactivation.' He was the first to show that the HSV-1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) is essential for the HSV-1 high spontaneous reactivation phenotype and that LAT has anti-apoptosis activity. This discovery of LAT's anti-apoptosis activity, which is a key factor in how the LAT gene enhances reactivation, was published in Science in 2000 and created a new paradigm that greatly increased understanding of HSV-1 latency and reactivation. In collaboration with Professor Lbachir BenMohamed, an immunologist, they later demonstrated that LAT also acts as an immune evasion gene. He was a caring scientist who truly enjoyed working and sharing his experience and expertise with young researchers. He will be remembered as a significant pillar within scientific and ocular herpes research communities worldwide. Professor Wechsler's dedication to science, his compassionate character, and wonderful sense of humor were exemplary. We, who were his friends and colleagues, will mourn his passing deeply.

This paper presents the results of a consensus-driven process identifying 50 priority research questions for historical ecology obtained through crowdsourcing, literature reviews, and in-person workshopping. A deliberative approach was designed to maximize discussion and debate with defined outcomes. Two in-person workshops (in Sweden and Canada) over the course of two years and online discussions were peer facilitated to define specific key questions for historical ecology from anthropological and archaeological perspectives. The aim of this research is to showcase the variety of questions that reflect the broad scope for historical-ecological research trajectories across scientific disciplines. Historical ecology encompasses research concerned with decadal, centennial, and millennial human-environmental interactions, and the consequences that those relationships have in the formation of contemporary landscapes. Six interrelated themes arose from our consensus-building workshop model: (1) climate and environmental change and variability; (2) multi-scalar, multi-disciplinary; (3) biodiversity and community ecology; (4) resource and environmental management and governance; (5) methods and applications; and (6) communication and policy. The 50 questions represented by these themes highlight meaningful trends in historical ecology that distill the field down to three explicit findings. First, historical ecology is fundamentally an applied research program. Second, this program seeks to understand long-term human-environment interactions with a focus on avoiding, mitigating, and reversing adverse ecological effects. Third, historical ecology is part of convergent trends toward transdisciplinary research science, which erodes scientific boundaries between the cultural and natural.

This paper focuses on the concept of « ritual » in the context of online publication on Instagram. It aims to understand the contemporary modalities and significations of the « ritual » published through online pictures in Brazilian society infused with a latent spirituality but also influenced by a strong consumer culture. The methodology is « netnographic ». The discussion places information from the field in dialogue with theoretical elements.

In this study, the projected changes of the average monthly and annual air temperatures, precipitation amounts and De Martonne aridity index in Serbia in the 21st century are examined. For that purpose, the spatial distribution of air temperature and precipitation amount is statistically modelled using data of 64 climatologic stations and 421 precipitation stations for the period 1976–2005 using multiple linear regression. The De Martonne aridity index is calculated from the spatially distributed data. In order to obtain regional averages and variability, we divide Serbia into three subdomains: the western zone (the Dinarides), eastern mountainous (Carpathian‐Balkan) zone and the terrains with altitudes lower than 500 m a.s.l. (Lowland). As a second step, the members of the COordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) for Europe (EURO‐CORDEX) are evaluated in terms of near‐surface air temperature and precipitation for Serbia. By comparing respective values for the period 1976–2005 with future periods 2021–2050 and 2071–2100, we derive the climate change signal for near‐surface air temperature, precipitation and the De Martonne index for both scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Hereby, the ensemble averages are calculated as weighted averages using the inverse standardized Euclidean distance by comparing observation and model results for near‐surface air temperature and precipitation as a weight. We find for the period 2071–2050 that most ensemble members predict a statistically significant increase in monthly and annual near‐surface air temperature in both scenarios in all three subdomains, and a statistically significant decrease in the yearly De Martonne index in the RCP8.5 scenario in the Carpathian‐Balkan and Dinarides. For the last decades of the 21st century, our findings indicate much higher temperatures and increased risks of drought for the RCP 8.5 scenario compared to both the observations from 1976 to 2005 and the RCP 4.5 scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music connoisseurs judge architectural objects intended for music listeners in terms of their acoustic qualities. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries three concert halls were particularly appreciated by the public: the Gewandhaus in Leipzig, the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam and the Symphony Hall in Boston. The latter was famous principally because it was the first time Wallace Sabine, a mathematician specializing in acoustics, had been engaged in collaboration with the designers responsible for the architectural form of the building. All three halls are rectangular shoebox spaces. It was only after the Second World War that Hans Scharoun introduced a new type of concert hall in Berlin, with a stage surrounded by rows of seats for the audience. Over time this type came to be referred to as a vineyard. When the Konior Studio architectural office began designing facilities for concert halls in Katowice, the acoustic quality of the halls was considered crucial for the designers. In the Symfonia concert hall in Katowice, Polish acoustic specialists were invited to collaborate with the architects, and while designing the home of the National Polish Radio Orchestra in Katowice and the State Music School Complex in Warsaw, the same architectural studio decided to collaborate with the Japanese company Nagata Acoustics. The author of the article analyzes the effects of this collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim/Purpose: This study examined the perception of the role of tutors in online training of preservice teachers during the COVID period, from the perspective of preservice teachers and their tutors. Background: Because of the COVID pandemic, learning in schools was conducted online, therefore preservice teachers' practicum also took place online, as did the tutoring process. Methodology: The research question was: How did preservice teachers and their tutors perceive the experience of teaching during the COVID period perceived by them; specifically, what was their sense of self-efficacy and satisfaction, and what difficulties did they encounter? This was a quantitative study. The sample included 221 participants comprising 111 tutors and 110 preservice teachers. Data were collected in Israel in 2021. Contribution: This study sheds light on the process of online tutoring of preservice teachers by their tutors. Findings: The study found that preservice teachers and their tutors perceived the practicum during the COVID period to be helpful, answering preservice teachers' needs and providing professional assistance in their training. This was more so in the professional aspects of teaching, in the emotional aspects of the tutoring process, and in the process of shaping the preservice teachers' professional identity, and less so in the organizational aspects of the school. In both groups (tutors and preservice teachers), it emerged that during a complex period of social isolation, maintaining contact reinforces the sense of self-efficacy. Tutors who encountered fewer technical difficulties and thought the tutoring process was enjoyable expressed more satisfaction with the tutoring process. Tutors felt that they were able to get better acquainted personally with the preservice teachers they taught, and vice versa, and preservice teachers were able to get to know their tutors personally. Tutors thought that their interpersonal communication benefitted the preservice teachers, that they listened to their mentees, and understood them. Preservice teachers felt that tutors allowed them to voice their expectations and concerns about their teaching experiences. Recommendations for Practitioners: One of the main goals of practicum in studies toward a teaching certificate is to prepare the students for their role as teachers. In the online tutoring process, emphasis should be placed on professional aspects (such as instruction and classroom management, identifying points for improvement and setting them as goals and challenges for the future) and on emotional aspects (such as promoting growth and personal development of preservice teachers in the process of shaping their professional identity). Recommendations for Researchers: One of the findings of the study is that the tutor-mentee relationship should be preserved in remote tutoring. The findings showed a positive correlation between maintaining such contact and high self-efficacy for both tutors and preservice teachers. It was found that tutors who reported high self-efficacy felt that interpersonal communication benefitted the teachers they were guiding. Impact on Society: Information collected in this study indicates that the tutors made a great effort to provide preservice teachers with meaningful coaching during the COVID period. In certain aspects, the tutoring was more successful and in other aspects less so, given the characteristics of the period, such as social distancing, no attendance of regular classes at school, and so forth. Future Research: It is recommended to continue investigating the online tutoring process, both from the perspective of preservice teachers and of tutors, to explore in-depth the correlation between self-efficacy and interpersonal communication, with emphasis on feedback between the tutors and preservice teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The LIS professionals are the bridge between information resources and the readers because of the skill they possessed. In the library, resources are acquired and processed based on rules and regulations of the profession. And these rules and regulations do not come in rosy way. They are acquired from the academic world where the skills are being taught, to handle library information resources in a way that users can easily access them. The core skills traditionally associated with library/information science include information handling skills - cataloguing, classification, indexing, enquiry work and user education training skills with facilitating skills and evaluation skills. An information professional can possess a variety of these skills, depending on the sector of the library in which the person is employed. Some essential 21st century changing cross-sector skills are: IT skills, such as word-processing and spreadsheets, digitization skills, and conducting internet searches, together with skills in digitization, loan systems, databases, content management systems, and specially designed programmes and packages. Also the available soft skills include skills such as negotiating, conflict resolution, and time management, which are useful for all interactions at a workplace. In the innovative age of information science and technology, it is crucial for librarians to possess the necessary competencies for working in a specialized workplace, where the equipment and the clients' needs are changing rapidly. Thus, LIS education should incorporate the modern informationprocessing skills for verity of the profession in a changing world of the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the paradigm shift that comes from the transition from Modernity to postmodernity process and the challenges faced today in the legal field. Furthermore, the aim is to reflect upon the so-called «new» rights, focusing on the environmental law and urban planning law, considered the precursors of this postmodern perspective on the law. Finally, it presents its challenges and prospects for the 21st Century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the various claims and class actions involving the Qom people of eastern Formosa Province (Argentina) in recent years. In order to do so, it addresses their involvement in the struggle of small-scale peasant farmers. Discussing the protests led by the Movimiento Campesino de Formosa in 2005, the paper goes on to explore the forms, meanings and determinations of the indigenous movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of the sonic, especially of vocal music, in the context of animism and perspectivism was hitherto underestimated in anthropological theory. Working on examples of Shipibo-Konibo magical songs from the author's own ethnomusicological fieldwork recordings, in this paper it is proposed that the first-person experience of médicos (healers or sorcerers) has to be considered most valuable for interpreting structures of relationships between humans and non-humans. This experience surfaces most obviously in singing styles and lyrics of songs performed by médicos in the current state of interaction with non-humans during ritual curing, worshipping, or fighting. Results obtained from this analysis include: 1) The ascription of consciousness and human or humanoid physicality to non-humans is the result of the médico's perceptions during musically induced or controlled altered states of perception and cognition (ASPC); 2) The transformation into and identification with non-humans involve full conscious experience by the médico and therefore pertain to the highest level of evidentiality in Shipibo discourse which is ontologically determining; 3) Human physicality and competence of perception and action is not universal among all beings but is a matter of grading dependent on magical and practical powers of the respective species; 4) A "sonic perspectivism" allowing for agency in the construction of perspectives, and an "ambient multinaturalism" extending the notion of transformation from body to environment, are introduced by analysing sonic phenomena. Finally, the author proposes to focus more on indigenous praxis than on analysis and comparison of narratives in order to understand indigenous ontologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simplest definition of landscape describes it as the physiognomy of the geographical environment. The notion cultural landscape refers to landscape that has been transformed by Man as the result of civilizational development. Cultural landscapes are extremely dynamic and ephemeral systems. Currently, we are witnessing dramatic transformation of the landscape. The processes of consumption and globalization of the landscape are happening on a mass scale in the 21st century. Many of the factors that cause these rapid changes are within the scope of interest of geography; these include analyses of the impact on the environment of mass tourism, transport, fragmentation of the space resulting from growing areas of settlements and service sites, restructuring of industry, etc. The issues discussed in the paper include: factors of landscape transformation, diversification of European landscapes in selected regions and assessment of their condition, analysis of contemporary threats to the quality of European landscapes and directions of their transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How is the world organized at the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century? What are the structure and the character of the geopolitical order in place today? What elements it is constituted of? How it took form? How can it evolve in the future? What are the factors driving these processes? Those question marks have been at the center of the problematic and the thematic of international relations since its inception as a discipline and emerge forcefully today in view that the international scheme that took form after the Cold War was over has been modified over the last decade by a series of events that have altered its structure and working dynamics. The purpose of this paper is to make an effort aimed at finding an answer to them in reference to the order in place today, and stress the implications of the resulting findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper makes an assessment of the exergy loss of the main minerals produced in the world throughout the 21st century, namely coal, oil, natural gas, iron, aluminium and copper. The reason for using the exergy analysis as an assessment tool is because it takes into account the main physical features that make a natural resource valuable: concentration, composition and quantity. Furthermore, using the same unit of measurement (energy) means all minerals considered can be compared and added. The future depletion degree of mineral reserves has been predicted with the help of five different scenarios. The first scenario assumes that production of all commodities will follow the well-known Hubbert''s bell-shaped curve. The other four models are based on the (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change''s Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) for fossil fuel consumption and the Hubbert peak model for non-fuel minerals. The results of this study indicate that there might not be enough available resources to satisfy the predicted future mineral demand. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In my paper, I will try to renew the public philosophy. As a result of specialization and professionalization of academic disciplines since the late 19th centuries, a rather unsound academic situation prevails at many universities in the world; social sciences without any philosophical foundation on the one hand and an academic philosophy without any concern about social theory on the other hand. In order to break out of such deadlock, the public philosophy that has a long tradition since Aristotle to Smith and Hegel must be renewed as a comprehensive trans-discipline now. The public philosophy in this sense is an attempt in the “time of post-specialization of sciences.” What I mean by the time of post-specialization is the academic environment in which social sciences, humanities and natural sciences cooperate with one another to tackle serious problems of our time such as human rights, peace building, dialogue among religions and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Politica: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales is the property of Departamento De Historia del Pensamiento y de los Moviemientos Sociales y Politicos (Madrid) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

What makes some acts morally right and others morally wrong? Traditionally, philosophers have thought that in order to answer this question we must find and formulate exceptionless moral principles—principles that capture all and only morally right actions. Utilitarianism and Kantianism are paradigmatic examples of such attempts. In recent years, however, there has been a growing interest in a novel approach—Particularism—although its precise content is still a matter of controversy. In this paper I develop and motivate a new formulation of particularism as a research program and I show that my formulation is not vulnerable to the most common objections to particularism. Moreover, I argue that the particularist research program shows enough promise to warrant further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Registration and regulation of healthcare professionals and practices, such as in the medical, dental and physiotherapy professions, are essentially state government functions and responsibilities. Registration of chiropractors and regulation of chiropractic practices are also state government functions and responsibilities. This paper summarises the history of government Acts which register chiropractors and regulate the practice of chiropractic in Western Australia and South Australia. It identifies, analyses and compares recent changes to these Acts and concludes that in Western Australia these changes update and develop sequential elements of administrative principles established in preceding healthcare legislation, while in South Australia changes constitute substantive compromise in the registration of chiropractors and regulation of its practices. The need for constant vigilance in the development of new emerging chiropractic legislative enactment, supported by historical understanding and appropriate representation of the chiropractic profession is underlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article, part of a symposium on the views of the author on rationality, presents the author's response to arguments in other papers, by Nicholas Southwood, Stephen Kearns and Daniel Star, and Garrett Cullity, published in the issue. Topics discussed include reason, reasoning processes, and normativity.

Philosophical discussions of prioritarianism, the view that we ought to give priority to those who are worse off, have hitherto been almost exclusively focused on cases involving a fixed population. The aim of this paper is to extend the discussion of prioritarianism to encompass also variable populations. I argue that prioritarianism, in its simplest formulation, is not tenable in this area. However, I also propose several revised formulations that, so I argue, show more promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strong representationalism claims that the qualitative character of our phenomenal mental states consists in the intentional content of such states. Although strong representationalism has greatly increased in popularity over the last decade, I find the view deeply implausible. In this paper, I attempt to argue against strong representationalism by a two-step argument. First, I suggest that strong representationalism must be unrestricted in order to serve as an adequate theory of qualia, i.e., it must apply to all qualitative mental states. Second, I present considerations – deriving largely from nonperceptual states – to show that an unrestricted form of strong representationalism is problematic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Religacion: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article provides an overview of feminist approaches to the New Testament from the period of 2000 to early 2021. Using a broad definition of 'feminist' (to include virtually any work focused primarily on women or female issues presented in the biblical text) and a more stringent definition of 'New Testament' (including only those texts that are a part of the New Testament canon, but not larger socio-historical studies or extracanonical literature), the article offers an overview of trends in feminist scholarship on the Gospels and Acts, the Pauline epistles, the General Epistles and Hebrews, and Revelation, noting that this body of scholarship may be characterized as being diverse, collaborative, and centered on female characters within the New Testament texts. With open vistas for exploration remaining, the article forecasts a rich future for feminist approaches to the New Testament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeszyty Naukowe KUL is the property of John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Wydawnictwo KUL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, the frequentoccurrence of natural calamities in the world has gained much attention due to infrastructure and life losses. Increase in global temperature has threatened the earth’s climate, causing unpredictable and extremeweatherevents more often. These events were both short-termas well as long-term. In spite of insufficient monitoring coverage of inner areas and high altitudes, an intensification of average yearly temperature has been observed after the 20thcentury inmany regions of Asia. Pakistan has faced a number of natural disasters including severe floods, devastating earthquakes, disturbing droughts, distressing smog, extreme temperature and torrential rainfall patterns. These calamities have affected people economically, socially, physically and mentally by posing a threat to earth, its species and their livelihood. This paper was aimed to document the natural calamities in Pakistan since the beginning of 21stcentury till date. The country is facing the problemof intense and longer summers and has witnessed two intenseheat waves. Moreover, in some areas, extensive droughts are threatening crops, freshwater supply and wildlife. In recent years, the problem of smog has emerged in Pakistan, especiallyin Punjab. The problem is getting worse in every coming year due to overpopulation, cities expansion, increased emission of greenhousegases, open burning of crop residues and extreme reliance on fossil fuels for energy purpose. So far in this century, Pakistan has faced 3 droughts, 2 heat waves, 10 severe floods, 27 major earthquakes, 2 consecutive sessions of severe smog and extreme high and lowtemperatureevents. Some of the deadliest events were; 2005 Kashmir earthquake claiming 87,350 human lives and 2010 flood impacting nearly 20 million people with 1,781 causalities. Change in climate is posing a severe threat to species, livelihood of the human beingsand the earth. Global warming is causing warming of oceans and consequently rise in sea level. Climate change affects average as well as extreme temperatures hence increasing the probability climate-relateddisasters.Thus,global warming is causing a chain of catastrophic events that makethe problem even more complex to understand.

Résumé : Cet article s’attache à mettre en évidence les liens de nature qui unissent la ville et le désert, deux espaces géographiques et symboliques apparemment antithétiques au plus haut point, dans l’œuvre romanesque de Roberto Bolaño. Dans un contexte géopolitique et migratoire mondialisé, la ville frontalière de Santa Teresa – double littéraire de Ciudad Juárez – cristallise les passages du sud du continent américain vers les États-Unis : ce sas migratoire constitue, en l’occurrence, le décor semble-t-il consubstantiel de milliers de féminicides. Si la ville se présente traditionnellement comme l’incarnation géographique et comme la réalisation spatiale d’une forme d’achèvement politique et civilisationnel, l’œuvre de Bolaño confronte son lecteur à la débâcle des prétentions civiles de la cité. Pour tenter d’expliquer le paradoxe d’une urbanité barbare, cet article se propose d’élucider la manière dont Santa Teresa apparaît poétiquement construite comme l’incubateur topologique du mal absolu dans les romans de l’écrivain chilien. Resumen: En este artículo se busca evidenciar los vínculos intrínsecos que unen ciudad y desierto en la obra de Roberto Bolaño, a pesar del carácter por lo visto altamente antitético de ambas entidades geográficas y simbólicas. En un contexto geopolítico y migratorio globalizado, la ciudad fronteriza de Santa Teresa –trasunto literario de Ciudad Juárez– cristaliza los flujos que llegan desde el sur del continente americano hacia los Estados Unidos: esta esclusa migratoria constituye, más concretamente, el escenario aparentemente consubstancial de miles de feminicidios. Si la ciudad se presenta tradicionalmente como la encarnación geográfica y como la realización espacial de cierta forma de logro político y civilizacional, la obra de Bolaño sin embargo enfrenta su lector a la desbandada de las pretensiones civiles de la ciudad. Para intentar explicar dicha paradoja de una bárbara urbanidad, este artículo se propone desentrañar la manera en que Santa Teresa se ve poéticamente elaborada como incubador topológico del mal absoluto. Abstract: This paper wishes to bring out the intrinsic links that seem to relate the city and the desert in Roberto Bolaño’s novels, despite the apparent antithesis of these two geographic and symbolic entities. In globalized geopolitical and migratory contexts, the border city of Santa Teresa—a fictional lookalike of Ciudad Juárez—gathers the traffic flows which connect the south of the American continent to the United States: this migratory airlock constitutes the apparently consubstantial scenery of thousands of feminicides. While, on the one hand, the city usually appears as the geographical embodiment and as the spatial realization of a certain form of political and civilizational achievement, on the other hand, Bolaño’s opus nonetheless leaves its readers facing the defeat of the city’s civilizational ambitions. This article attempts to clarify how Santa Teresa is here literarily built as a topological incubator of absolute evil, and aims at showing how this case exemplifies the paradox of a barbaric urbanity.

Este artículo versa sobre la creación del primer museo de arte digital del mundo, inaugurado el 21 de junio de 2018 en Tokio (Japón). Nos referimos al Mori Building Digital Art Museum: teamLab Borderless, que se encuentra situado en la isla artificial de Odaiba, núcleo de la cultura futurista nipona y dominada por el edificio Fuji TV del arquitecto Kenzo Tange, el cual, a su vez, es sede del Miraikan, el Museo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología Emergentes de Japón. Este lugar es perfecto para esta nueva disciplina artística que adquiere cada vez más notoriedad en la sociedad actual, por su capacidad de combinar manifestaciones artísticas con diferentes tipologías tecnológicas, produciendo de esta manera instalaciones inmersivas con un fuerte impacto en el espectador y que a su vez convierten a la tecnología en una inmensa obra de arte. / This paper deals with the creation of the world’s first digital art museum, inaugurated on 21 June 2018 in Tokyo (Japan). The Mori Building Digital Art Museum: teamLab Borderless is located on the artificial island of Odaiba, that is the heart of Japan’s futuristic culture and is surrounded by architect Kenzo Tange’s Fuji TV building, which in turn is the home of Japan’s Miraikan, Japan’s Museum of Emerging Science and Technology. This place is perfect for the new artistic discipline that is becoming more and more notorious in today’s society, for its ability to combine artistic manifestations with different technological typologies, thus producing immersive installations with a strong impact on the viewer and at the same time turning technology into an immense work of art.

• Sheds light on the contribution of a leading futurist to alternative planetary futures. • Reviews an integral approach to interpretation of the Anthropocene and civilization futures. • Critically addresses the criticism of the Western worldview and offers alternative binary opposites. • Stresses on the importance of trade-offs related to promises of advanced technology. • Suggests the development of planetary identity as a promising solution. Richard Slaughter has consistently, prolifically, passionately and wisely contributed over his impressive professional career to futures studies as an emerging knowledge base or academic discipline. He has also raised the alarm that we are short on time to keep open the possibility of alternative planetary futures. As a leading scholar, he has become the teacher or the master interpreter of all the skeptics who cast serious doubt on the assumed course of our planetary future. This paper shows why there is high quality exegesis and echo in his contribution to futures studies, following his problem statement and problem solution line of argument. Some doubt and criticism are also caste on his casting a big doubt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug repurposing, or repositioning, is to identify new uses for existing drugs. Significantly reducing the costs and time-to-market of a medication, drug repurposing has been an alternative tool to accelerate drug development process. On the other hand, 'real world data (RWD)' has been also increasingly used to support drug development process owing to its better representing actual pattern of drug treatment and outcome in real world. In the healthcare domain, RWD refers to data collected from sources other than traditional clinical trials; for example, in electronic health records or claims and billing data. With the enactment of the 21st Century Cures Act, which encourages the use of RWD in drug development and repurposing as well, such increasing trend in RWD use will be expedited. In this context, this review provides an overview of recent progresses in the area of drug repurposing where RWD was used, by firstly introducing the increasing trend and regulatory change in the use of RWD in drug development, secondly reviewing published works using RWD in drug repurposing, classifying them in the repurposing strategy, and lastly addressing limitations and advantages of RWDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]