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21 results on '"Bioversity International [Rome]"'

1. Selecting for useful properties of plants and fungi – Novel approaches, opportunities, and challenges

Author

Valery Malécot, I. Thormann, Paul J. Kersey, Nigel Maxted, Carey L. Metheringham, Jérôme Collemare, Laura J. Kelly, Christopher Cockel, D. K. Das, Eoin P. Lettice, Ehsan Dulloo, Ilia J. Leitch, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Insitute [Utrecht] (WI), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United College Cork (National University of Ireland) (UCC), Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), and Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Emerging technologies, Conservation agriculture, Biodiversity, Plant Science, Horticulture, Biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Genome editing, lcsh:Botany, Genetic variation, genetic modification, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.SA.HORT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Horticulture, Environmental planning, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, lcsh:GE1-350, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, plants, fungi, conservation, food and beverages, Societal impact of nanotechnology, Forestry, genetic diversity, 15. Life on land, crops, lcsh:QK1-989, 13. Climate action, breeding, Biological dispersal, metabolic engineering, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Societal Impact Statement For millennia, humans have used plants and fungi, as foods, fuels, fibers, and medicines; and have developed techniques for improving their usefulness to our species, mostly through selection of desirable traits. With human populations forecast to rise, the availability of arable land likely to fall amid climate change and increasing urbanization, and modern communications technologies accelerating the dispersal of pathogens, further improvement is urgently needed. However, ensuring long‐term resilience involves conservation of existing genetic diversity in addition to selection. New technologies, particularly those based on molecular biology, are increasingly driving conservation and improvement strategies. Summary Humans use plants and fungi for a wide range of purposes and, over millennia, have improved wild species by selecting for and combining genetic variation. Improvements in DNA sequencing technologies have enhanced our capacity to identify and manipulate genetic diversity, increasing the range of variation that can be utilized, and accelerating the breeding cycle to reduce the time taken to develop and put new varieties to use. Most recently, the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology has greatly increased our capacity to directly introduce novel genetic variants without unwanted associated material. Moreover, increased knowledge of metabolic pathways resulting from genomic analysis can be used to design new varieties with desired properties with increased precision. Selecting for, or engineering, desirable variants has increased the usefulness of plants and fungi to humans, but at the cost of reducing their genetic diversity, decreasing their resilience and reducing the stock of variation available for future use. Conservation of genetic biodiversity is thus an essential counterpart of crop improvement and is essential to ensure that crop species retain resilience to emerging threats. Conservation efforts are focused on orphan crops, wild relatives of crop species, and landraces; in and exsitu efforts are complementary. Informatic approaches can inform use of these materials in breeding programmes even in the absence of genomic information. The application of some of these approaches may be restricted by ethical, legal, or organizational obstacles. If these can be overcome, there is great potential to unlock previously untapped reservoirs of biodiversity for human benefit.

Published
2020
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2. Unravelling the complex story of intergenomic recombination in ABB allotriploid bananas

Author

Guillaume Martin, Catherine Breton, Yann Hueber, Sebastien Carpentier, Rony Swennen, Nicolas Roux, Alberto Cenci, Mathieu Rouard, Julie Sardos, Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] (Alliance), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), and Directorate-general Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid ('Developing climatesmart bananas for the African Great Lakes region') - Belgian Development Cooperation

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Genotype, India, Plant Science, Musa (bananes), Biology, Parthenocarpy, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Genetic diversity, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, 03 medical and health sciences, Variation génétique, Pisang Awak, subgenomes, Genetic variation, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, meiosis, Cultivar, Original Articles (Genomic Evolution Highlight), 030304 developmental biology, Hybrid, Recombination, Genetic, homologous exchanges, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, AcademicSubjects/SCI01210, polyploids, food and beverages, Chromosome, Musa, biology.organism_classification, Recombinaison, Genome, Plant, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Background and Aims Bananas (Musa spp.) are a major staple food for hundreds of millions of people in developing countries. The cultivated varieties are seedless and parthenocarpic clones of which the ancestral origin remains to be clarified. The most important cultivars are triploids with an AAA, AAB or ABB genome constitution, with A and B genomes provided by M. acuminata and M. balbisiana, respectively. Previous studies suggested that inter-genome recombinations were relatively common in banana cultivars and that triploids were more likely to have passed through an intermediate hybrid. In this study, we investigated the chromosome structure within the ABB group, composed of starchy cooking bananas that play an important role in food security. Methods Using SNP markers called from RADSeq data, we studied the chromosome structure of 36 ABB genotypes spanning defined taxonomic subgroups. To complement our understanding, we searched for similar events within nine AB hybrid genotypes. Key Results Recurrent homologous exchanges (HEs), i.e. chromatin exchanges between A and B subgenomes, were unravelled with at least nine founding events (HE patterns) at the origin of ABB bananas prior to clonal diversification. Two independent founding events were found for Pisang Awak genotypes. Two HE patterns, corresponding to genotypes Pelipita and Klue Teparod, show an over-representation of B genome contribution. Three HE patterns mainly found in Indian accessions shared some recombined regions and two additional patterns did not correspond to any known subgroups. Conclusions The discovery of the nine founding events allowed an investigation of the possible routes that led to the creation of the different subgroups, which resulted in new hypotheses. Based on our observations, we suggest different routes that gave rise to the current diversity in the ABB cultivars, routes involving primary AB hybrids, routes leading to shared HEs and routes leading to a B excess ratio. Genetic fluxes took place between M. acuminata and M. balbisiana, particularly in India, where these unbalanced AB hybrids and ABB allotriploids originated, and where cultivated M. balbisiana are abundant. The result of this study clarifies the classification of ABB cultivars, possibly leading to the revision of the classification of this subgroup.

Published
2020
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3. Genome-wide and comparative phylogenetic analysis of senescence-associated NAC transcription factors in sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

Author

Bengoa Luoni, Sofia A., Cenci, Alberto, Moschen, Sebastian, Nicosia, Salvador, Radonic, Laura M., Sabio, Julia, Garcia, Langlade, Nicolas B., Vile, Denis, Rovere, Cecilia Vazquez, Fernandez, Paula, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), INTA PE 1131022, 1131043, ANPCyT Préstamo BID PICT 2012–0390, PICT 2014–0175, PIP CONICET PIP 11220120100262CO, Marie Curie IRSES Project DEANN (PIRSES-GA-2013-612583), CONICET, SUNRISE and Heliagen Project, and ANR-11-BTBR-0005,SUNRISE,Ressources génétiques de tournesol pour l'amélioration de la stabilité de production d'huile sous c(2011)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Leaves, Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis, QH426-470, Senescence, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Leaf senescence, Factores de Transcripción, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, Girasol, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Leaf Senescence, Research, High throughput phenotyping, Correction, food and beverages, Helianthus annuus, Phylogenetic Analysis, 15. Life on land, HaNAC001, Genética, Plant Senescence, Plant Leaves, Sunflower, Análisis Filogenético, NAC transcriptions factors, Avejentamiento, Hojas, Helianthus, TP248.13-248.65, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Background: Leaf senescence delay impacts positively in grain yield by maintaining the photosynthetic area during the reproductive stage and during grain filling. Therefore a comprehensive understanding of the gene families associated with leaf senescence is essential. NAC transcription factors (TF) form a large plant-specific gene family involved in regulating development, senescence, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The main goal of this work was to identify sunflower NAC TF (HaNAC) and their association with senescence, studying their orthologous to understand possible functional relationships between genes of different species. Results: To clarify the orthologous relationships, we used an in-depth comparative study of four divergent taxa, in dicots and monocots, with completely sequenced genomes (Arabidopsis thaliana, Vitis vinifera, Musa acuminata and Oryza sativa). These orthologous groups provide a curated resource for large scale protein sequence annotation of NAC TF. From the 151 HaNAC genes detected in the latest version of the sunflower genome, 50 genes were associated with senescence traits. These genes showed significant differential expression in two contrasting lines according to an RNAseq assay. An assessment of overexpressing the Arabidopsis line for HaNAC001 (a gene of the same orthologous group of Arabidopsis thaliana ORE1) revealed that this line displayed a significantly higher number of senescent leaves and a pronounced change in development rate. Conclusions: This finding suggests HaNAC001 as an interesting candidate to explore the molecular regulation of senescence in sunflower. Instituto de Biotecnología Fil: Bengoa Luoni, Sofia Ailin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Fil: Cenci, Alberto. Bioversity International; Francia Fil: Moschen, Sebastian Nicolás. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentina. Fil: Nicosia, Salvador. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Fil: Radonic, Laura Mabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Fil: Sabio Y Garcia, Julia Veronica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina Fil: Langlade, Nicolas B. Université de Toulouse. LIPM-INRA-CNRS; Francia Fil: Langlade, Nicolas B. Université de Montpellier. LEPSE; Francia Fil: Vazquez Rovere, Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina Fil: Fernandez, Paula Del Carmen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.

Published
2021
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4. Construction and Interpretation of Production and Market Metrics Used to Understand Relationships with Dietary Diversity of Rural Smallholder Farming Households

Author

Cédric Gaillard, Eric O. Verger, Roseline Remans, Andrew D. Jones, Gina Kennedy, Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Bioversity International [Belgique], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Advancing Nutrition, USAID, Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
S01 - Nutrition humaine - Considérations générales, market access and participation, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Agriculture (General), dietary diversity, Market access, Plant Science, Population rurale, Agricultural economics, Petite exploitation agricole, S1-972, nutrition-sensitive agriculture, Marché des produits de base, 03 medical and health sciences, exploitant agricole, 0502 economics and business, production diversity, Production (economics), Agricultural productivity, E10 - Économie et politique agricoles, 2. Zero hunger, Flexibility (engineering), 0303 health sciences, Food security, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Comparability, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, respiratory system, standardized indicators, Agriculture, Diversification, production de produits agricoles, Sécurité alimentaire des ménages, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Business, Agronomy and Crop Science, human activities, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Science, Diversity (business)
Abstract

International audience; Indicators of agricultural production diversity and market access and/or participation have often been used to try to understand how agricultural production and markets influence dietary diversity of rural smallholder households. Based on a standardized search strategy, 37 studies investigating the association between an indicator of agricultural production diversity and any indicator of dietary diversity were reviewed. The characteristics of the indicators of agricultural production diversity, as well as indicators of market access and/or participation, were assessed. This review demonstrated the wide range of indicators; four types and 14 subtypes of indicators of agricultural production diversity were found in the 37 studies, and three types and 14 subtypes of indicators of market access and/or participation were found in 25 studies. While diversity of measurement ideas allows flexibility, it precludes comparability with other studies and might make it difficult to build a robust body of evidence of the impact of agriculture at farm household level on food security, diet, and nutrition.

Published
2021
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5. Filling the gaps in gene banks: Collecting, characterizing, and phenotyping wild banana relatives of Papua New Guinea

Author

Catherine Breton, Julie Sardos, Janet Paofa, Simon Kallow, Claude Welcker, Bart Panis, David Eyland, Steven Janssens, François Tardieu, Sebastien Carpentier, Rony Swennen, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], Bioversity International [Belgique], International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Tanzania), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), PNG National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Meise Botanic Garden [Belgium] (Plantentuin), 'Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Pro-tecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives,' which is supported by the Government of Norway., Global Crop Diversity Trust in part-nership with national and international gene banks and plant breeding institutes around the world (http://www.cwrdiversity.org/)., The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Interna-tionale Zusammenarbiet GIZ, scholarship funded by the Global TRUST foundation project 'Crop wild Relatives Evaluation of drought tolerance in wild bananas from Papua New Guinea', CGIAR Fund (https://www.cgiar.org/funders/), CGIAR Research Program Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB-CRP), Belgian Development Cooperation project ‘‘More fruit for food security: Developing climate-smart bananas for the African Great Lakes region.', European Project: 731013 ,EPPN2020(2017), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Botanic Garden Meise

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Vapour Pressure Deficit, business.industry, Drought tolerance, Plant genetics, 15. Life on land, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Musa peekelii, Crop, 03 medical and health sciences, Horticulture, Gene bank, Agriculture, Shoot, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Since natural habitats are disappearing fast, there is an urgent need to collect, characterize, and phenotype banana (Musa spp.) crop wild relatives to identify unique genotypes with specific traits that fill the gaps in our gene banks. We report on a collection mission in Papua New Guinea carried out in 2019. Seed containing bunches were collected from Musa peekelii ssp. angustigemma (N.W.Simmonds) Argent (3), M. schizocarpa N. W. Simmonds (4), M. balbisiana Colla (3), M. acuminata ssp. banksii (F. Muell.) Simmonds (14), M. boman Argent (3), M. ingens Simmonds (2), M. maclayi ssp. maclayi F.Muell. ex Mikl.-Maclay (1), and M. lolodensis Cheesman (1). This material, together with the seeds collected during a previous mission in 2017, form the basis for the development of a wild banana seed bank. For characterization and phenotyping, we focused on the most ubiquitous indigenous species of Papua New Guinea: M. acuminata ssp. banksii, the ancestor of most edible bananas. We calculated that the median genomic dissimilarity of the M. acuminata ssp. banksii accessions was 4% and that they differed at least 5% from accessions present in the International Transit Centre, the world's largest banana gene bank. High-throughput phenotyping revealed drought avoidance strategies with significant differences in root/shoot ratio, soil water content sensitivity, and response towards vapor pressure deficit (VPD). We deliver a proof of principle that the wild diversity is not yet fully covered in the gene banks and that wild M. acuminata ssp. banksii populations contain individuals with unique traits, useful for drought tolerance breeding programs.

Published
2021
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6. Citizen science breathes new life into participatory agricultural research. A review

Author

Jacob van Etten, Sebastian Deterding, Jeske van den Gevel, University of York [York, UK], Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], and Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, media_common.quotation_subject, Participatory action research, 010501 environmental sciences, Citizen science, 01 natural sciences, Political science, Mainstream, Participatory agricultural research, Empowerment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Sustainable development, business.industry, User-centered design, Citizen journalism, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Public relations, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Public participation, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Participatory research can improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and scope of research processes, and foster social inclusion, empowerment, and sustainability. Yet despite four decades of agricultural research institutions exploring and developing methods for participatory research, it has never become mainstream in the agricultural technology development cycle. Citizen science promises an innovative approach to participation in research, using the unique facilities of new digital technologies, but its potential in agricultural research participation has not been systematically probed. To this end, we conducted a critical literature review. We found that citizen science opens up four opportunities for creatively reshaping research: (i) new possibilities for interdisciplinary collaboration, (ii) rethinking configurations of socio-computational systems, (iii) research on democratization of science more broadly, and (iv) new accountabilities. Citizen science also brings a fresh perspective on the barriers to institutionalizing participation in the agricultural sciences. Specifically, we show how citizen science can reconfigure cost-motivation-accountability combinations using digital tools, open up a larger conceptual space of experimentation, and stimulate new collaborations. With appropriate and persistent institutional support and investment, citizen science can therefore have a lasting impact on how agricultural science engages with farming communities and wider society, and more fully realize the promises of participation.

Published
2020
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7. A Delphi approach to develop sustainable food system metrics

Author

Paolo Prosperi, Iuri Peri, Martine Padilla, Thomas Allen, Bruce Cogill, Bioversity International, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR], Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Catane, Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Daniel & Nina Carasso Foundation (Grant Number: 00030240) and CGIAR Programme Agriculture for Nutrition and Health, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM)

Subjects
INDICATORS, Sociology and Political Science, Delphi method, 050109 social psychology, DELPHI METHOD, VULNERABILITE, Social Sciences (all), AGROFOOD SYSTEM, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, METHODE DELPHI, Information system, Delphi survey, Food systems, Resilience, Social-ecological system, Sustainability indicators, Vulnerability, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), 050207 economics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Causal model, 2. Zero hunger, Food security, SECURITE ALIMENTAIRE, 05 social sciences, FOOD SECURITY, General Social Sciences, DURABILITE, Needs assessment, NUTRITION HUMAINE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, 12. Responsible consumption, SUSTAINABILITY, HUMAN NUTRITION, INDICATOR OF SUSTAINABILITY, INDICATEUR, 0502 economics and business, INDICATEUR DE DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, SYSTEME D'INFORMATION, REGION MEDITERRANEENNE, VULNERABILITY, EXPERT, SYSTEME AGROALIMENTAIRE, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, Environmental economics, RESILIENCE, Conceptual framework, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, Business, MEDITERRANEAN REGION
Abstract

International audience; Recurrent food crises and global environmental change are critical issues that pushed food security and sustainability to the top of the policy agenda. Policy-makers need assessment tools that help them decide what actions they should take to achieve these goals. This paper proposes a new metric system assessing the sustainability of food systems and diets at a subnational level adapted to the context of the Mediterranean area. Recognizing the systemic dimension of sustainability, the proposed information system builds on a vulnerability/resilience conceptual framework and considers the interactions between a set of biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of vulnerability and a number of context-specific food and nutrition security issues. A three-round iterative Delphi survey was conducted to involve a number of selected experts in the indicator selection process. 18 indicators were finally identified for eight preselected causal models of vulnerability and resilience at the interactions between a set of four drivers of change (water depletion, biodiversity loss, food price volatility, and changes in food consumption patterns) and four food and nutrition security outcomes (nutritional quality of food supply, affordability of food, dietary energy balance, and satisfaction of cultural food preferences). Each interaction was disentangled in exposure, sensitivity and resilience. The exercise allowed discussion of a conceptual and dynamic framework for food systems, and identification of indicators that gather consensus among the expert community.

Published
2019
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8. Modeling Sustainable Food Systems

Author

Thomas Allen, Paolo Prosperi, Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), and Chercheur Nord Doctorant Nord UMR Moisa

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, INDICATEUR SOCIAL, Vulnerability, 010501 environmental sciences, Dynamic systems, 01 natural sciences, Food Supply, AGROFOOD SYSTEM, MEASUREMENT, INDICATEUR ENVIRONNEMENTAL, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Theoretical, Models, 11. Sustainability, Sustainable agriculture, Economics, MESURE, ITALIE, ESPAGNE, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Food security, SECURITE ALIMENTAIRE, Ecology, Social-ecological systems, FOOD SECURITY, Environmental resource management, Biodiversity, DURABILITE, Pollution, Food and nutrition security, SOCIAL INDICATORS, NUTRITION HUMAINE, Food systems, Metrics, Psychological resilience, ITALY, Conservation of Natural Resources, INDICATEUR ECONOMIQUE, media_common.quotation_subject, FRANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATOR, Article, 12. Responsible consumption, HUMAN NUTRITION, SUSTAINABILITY, INDICATOR OF SUSTAINABILITY, 03 medical and health sciences, Resilience, Ecosystem, France, Humans, Italy, Spain, Water Supply, Models, Theoretical, INDICATEUR DE DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ECONOMIC INDICATORS, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, SYSTEME AGROALIMENTAIRE, business.industry, SPAIN, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, RESILIENCE, Environmental economics, ALIMENTATION DURABLE, Interdependence, SUSTAINABLE FOOD, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, Conceptual model, business
Abstract

International audience; The processes underlying environmental, economic, and social unsustainability derive in part from the food system. Building sustainable food systems has become a predominating endeavor aiming to redirect our food systems and policies towards better-adjusted goals and improved societal welfare. Food systems are complex social-ecological systems involving multiple interactions between human and natural components. Policy needs to encourage public perception of humanity and nature as interdependent and interacting. The systemic nature of these interdependencies and interactions calls for systems approaches and integrated assessment tools. Identifying and modeling the intrinsic properties of the food system that will ensure its essential outcomes are maintained or enhanced over time and across generations, will help organizations and governmental institutions to track progress towards sustainability, and set policies that encourage positive transformations. This paper proposes a conceptual model that articulates crucial vulnerability and resilience factors to global environmental and socio-economic changes, postulating specific food and nutrition security issues as priority outcomes of food systems. By acknowledging the systemic nature of sustainability, this approach allows consideration of causal factor dynamics. In a stepwise approach, a logical application is schematized for three Mediterranean countries, namely Spain, France, and Italy.

Published
2016
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9. Towards metrics of sustainable food systems: a review of the resilience and vulnerability literature

Author

Thomas Allen, Paolo Prosperi, Martine Padilla, Iuri Peri, Bruce Cogill, Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Catania [Italy], and Chercheur Nord Doctorant Nord UMR Moisa

Subjects
INDICATORS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Vulnerability, 010501 environmental sciences, VULNERABILITE, 01 natural sciences, AGROFOOD SYSTEM, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Sustainable development, Information system, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, Food security, SECURITE ALIMENTAIRE, FOOD SECURITY, Environmental resource management, DURABILITE, Systems of information, Food and nutrition security, NUTRITION HUMAINE, SOCIAL ASPECT, Food systems, ASPECT SOCIAL, HUMAN FEEDING, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, 12. Responsible consumption, Resilience, Social–ecological systems, 2300, SUSTAINABILITY, HUMAN NUTRITION, INDICATEUR, SYSTEME D'INFORMATION, Resilience (network), Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, VULNERABILITY, ALIMENTATION HUMAINE, SYSTEME AGROALIMENTAIRE, business.industry, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, ALIMENTATION DURABLE, SUSTAINABLE FOOD, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE, Socio-ecological system, Food and nutrition security Sustainable, business
Abstract

International audience; Food and nutrition security is a persisting global issue and, in addition, food systems are now facing a new set of intersecting economic, social and environmental challenges. Recurrent socio-economic and biophysical changes put the sustainability of food systems at risk. There is an urgent need to develop knowledge-based tools to assess and monitor food sustainability and to identify pathways for food security and resource conservation. The systemic nature of these interactions calls for multidimensional approaches and integrated assessments for decision-making to guide change. This paper reviews social–ecological system frameworks with the view to conceptualize the sustainability issues that affect the food systems. It is argued that the understanding of the food systems as social–ecological systems, and inputs from the theories of vulnerability and resilience in particular, can provide the concepts necessary to understand and model the complex system dynamics involved in the multiple interactions between human and natural components.

Published
2016
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10. Agronomic Linked Data (AgroLD): a Knowledge-based System to Enable Integrative Biology in Agronomy

Author

Bertrand Pitollat, Imène Chentli, Pierre Larmande, Clement Jonquet, Valentin Guignon, Nordine El Hassouni, Ndomassi Tando, Gildas Tagny, Aravind Venkatesan, Gaëtan Droc, Mathieu Rouard, Manuel Ruiz, Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), WEB Architecture x Semantic WEB x WEB of Data (WEB3), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Computational Biology Institute of Montpellier : ANR-11-INBS-0013, IA-11-BINF-0002, Institut Francais de Bioinformatique : ANR-11-INBS-0013, IA-11-INBS-0013, Labex Agro : ANR-10LABX-001-01, IA-10-LABX-0001, ANR-11-BINF-0002,IBC,Institut de biologie Computationnelle(2011), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), WEB-CUBE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
Proteomics, Agronomie, Computer science, Knowledge Bases, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Social Sciences, ontologie de domaine, Ontology (information science), Logiciel, Infographics, Computer Architecture, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Database and Informatics Methods, 0302 clinical medicine, Phenomics, céréale, Psychology, Ensembl, Génétique, Data Management, Language, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Gene Ontologies, Agriculture, Genomics, computer.file_format, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, Knowledge base, C30 - Documentation et information, Information Retrieval, Medicine, Recherche de l'information, Graphs, Functional genomics, Biologie, Genome, Plant, Research Article, Computer and Information Sciences, Science, Crops, Phenome, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Ontologies, Genetics, RDF, Semantic Web, 030304 developmental biology, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], business.industry, Data Visualization, [INFO.INFO-WB]Computer Science [cs]/Web, Cognitive Psychology, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, 15. Life on land, Genome Analysis, Data science, Agronomy, [INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], Cognitive Science, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], business, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, User Interfaces, Neuroscience, Crop Science, Cereal Crops
Abstract

Exploring the links between genetic and phenotypic traits is an important area of research in agronomy. One of the main objectives of this is to accelerate the development of important traits that can positively impact the agricultural economy. However, due to the existence of complex molecular interactions, to gain complete understanding will warrant data analyses performed at different molecular and environmental levels for a given (plant) subject. For instance, to understand how rice genes involved in metabolism or signaling of growth regulators control the rice panicle architecture. While high-throughput technologies have played a key role in accelerating and generating the much-needed data, these can only partially capture the dynamics in genotypephenotype relations. Consequently, our knowledge of the complex relationships between the different molecular actors responsible for the expression of the phenome in various plant systems remains fragmented. Hence, there is an urgent need to effectively integrate and assimilate complementary information to understand the biological system in its entirety. We have developed AgroLD [1] (www.agrold.org), a knowledge graph system that exploits the Semantic Web technology and FAIR principles [2], to integrate information to integrate data about plant species of high interest for the plant science community e.g., rice, wheat, Arabidopsis and in this way facilitating the formulation of new scientific hypotheses. We present some integration results of the project, which currently focused on genomics, proteomics and phenomics. AgroLD is now an RDF knowledge base of 900M triples created by annotating and integrating more than 100 datasets coming from 15 data sources –such as Ensembl plants [3], Gramene.org [4] and TropGeneDB [5]– with 15 ontologies –such as the Gene Ontology [6] and Plant Ontology [7]. Our objective is to offer a domain specific knowledge platform to solve complex biological and agronomical questions related to the implication of genes in, for instances, plant disease resistance or high yield traits. We expect the resolution of these questions to facilitate the formulation of new scientific hypotheses to be validated with a knowledge-oriented approach.

Published
2018
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11. MGIS: managing banana (Musa spp.) genetic resources information and high-throughput genotyping data

Author

Valentin Guignon, L. Gueco, Agus Sutanto, T. Ayala-Silva, Christophe Jenny, K. Jelali, J. Adeka, Janet Paofa, P. Ngo Xuan, B. Dowiya, Rachel Chase, G. Vangu Paka, J. Daniells, Julie Sardos, Max Ruas, B. Effa effa, L. Herradura, G. Yi, Nicolas Roux, J. Kilangi, E. Kempenaers, C. Pavis, A. Andrieu, Tom Hazekamp, C. Tossou, J. Sandoval, H. Duvergey, Ibobondji. L., Guilhem Sempere, Mathieu Rouard, Yann Hueber, D. Thiemele, I. van den Houwe, C.P. Chao, S. Muhangi, Brian M. Irish, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, Partenaires INRAE, South Green Bioinformatics Platform, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, University of Kisangani, Taiwan Banana Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry ( DAFF ), Institut de l'environnement et de recherches agricoles, Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique, University of the Philippines (UP System), Davao National Crop Research and Development Center, African Center for Research on Bananas and Plantains = Centre Africain de Recherches sur Bananiers et Plantains (CARBAP), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Agricultural Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization, Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute, Research Institute, Agrosystèmes tropicaux (ASTRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre National de Recherche Agronomique de Côte d'Ivoire (CNRA), Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB), Corporación Bananera Nacional (CORBANA), Indonesian Centre for Horticultural Research and Development, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), CGIAR, CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB), CGIAR Research Programme for Managing and Sustaining Crop Collections (Genebanks Platform), Belgian Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid (DGD), German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) GIZ, Ruas, Max, Rouard, M., and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Germplasm, Genotyping Techniques, Computer science, update, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Interoperability, Banque de gènes, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, collection, Databases, Genetic, Information system, provides insights, 2. Zero hunger, Database, plants, genomics, evolution, visualization, exploration, management, rice, Database schema, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Schema (genetic algorithms), C30 - Documentation et information, Système d'information, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Seeds, Data mining, User interface, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Banque de données, Génotype, Information Systems, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Ressource génétique végétale, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Génie génétique, Genetic diversity, Génome, Musa, 030104 developmental biology, Database Tool, computer, Software, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Unraveling the genetic diversity held in genebanks on a large scale is underway, due to advances in Next-generation sequence (NGS) based technologies that produce high-density genetic markers for a large number of samples at low cost. Genebank users should be in a position to identify and select germplasm from the global genepool based on a combination of passport, genotypic and phenotypic data. To facilitate this, a new generation of information systems is being designed to efficiently handle data and link it with other external resources such as genome or breeding databases. The Musa Germplasm Information System (MGIS), the database for global ex situ-held banana genetic resources, has been developed to address those needs in a user-friendly way. In developing MGIS, we selected a generic database schema (Chado), the robust content management system Drupal for the user interface, and Tripal, a set of Drupal modules which links the Chado schema to Drupal. MGIS allows germplasm collection examination, accession browsing, advanced search functions, and germplasm orders. Additionally, we developed unique graphical interfaces to compare accessions and to explore them based on their taxonomic information. Accession-based data has been enriched with publications, genotyping studies and associated genotyping datasets reporting on germplasm use. Finally, an interoperability layer has been implemented to facilitate the link with complementary databases like the Banana Genome Hub and the MusaBase breeding database. Database URL: https://www.crop-diversity.org/mgis/

Published
2017
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12. Developing data interoperability using standards : a wheat community use case

Author

Sophie Aubin, Hanna Ćwiek-Kupczyńska, Alex Whan, Michael Alaux, Aravind Venkatesan, Patrice Buche, Laurel Cooper, Clement Jonquet, Marie-Angélique Laporte, Elizabeth Arnaud, Rosemary Shrestha, Richard Fulss, Pierre Larmande, Vassilis Protonotarios, Robert P. Davey, Cyril Pommier, Imma Subirats, Ute Baumann, Esther Dzale Yeumo, Hadi Quesneville, Carmen Reverte, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Graphs for Inferences on Knowledge (GRAPHIK), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University (OSU), Earlham Institute [Norwich], International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Stanford Center for BioMedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Stanford University, Système Multi-agent, Interaction, Langage, Evolution (SMILE), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Neuropublic S.a., Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), ANR-12-JS02-0010,SIFR,Indexation sémantique de ressources biomédicales francophones(2012), European Project: 701771,H2020,H2020-MSCA-IF-2015,SIFRm(2016), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bioversity International, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR], Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics (IPG), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN)-Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Stanford University [Stanford], Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Organization, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Data Sharing, Best practice, Data management, Interoperability, Agriculture & Biotechnology, Knowledge organization system, Ontology (information science), 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Data interoperability, Data standards, Wheat, Bio-ontologies, Ontology repository, 03 medical and health sciences, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, 2. Zero hunger, Metadata, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, [INFO.INFO-WB]Computer Science [cs]/Web, Articles, General Medicine, Opinion Article, Data formats, 15. Life on land, Data science, Data sharing, Open data, 030104 developmental biology, Standard vocabularies, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

In this article, we present a joint effort of the wheat research community, along with data and ontology experts, to develop wheat data interoperability guidelines. Interoperability is the ability of two or more systems and devices to cooperate and exchange data, and interpret that shared information. Interoperability is a growing concern to the wheat scientific community, and agriculture in general, as the need to interpret the deluge of data obtained through high-throughput technologies grows. Agreeing on common data formats, metadata, and vocabulary standards is an important step to obtain the required data interoperability level in order to add value by encouraging data sharing, and subsequently facilitate the extraction of new information from existing and new datasets. During a period of more than 18 months, the RDA Wheat Data Interoperability Working Group (WDI-WG) surveyed the wheat research community about the use of data standards, then discussed and selected a set of recommendations based on consensual criteria. The recommendations promote standards for data types identified by the wheat research community as the most important for the coming years: nucleotide sequence variants, genome annotations, phenotypes, germplasm data, gene expression experiments, and physical maps. For each of these data types, the guidelines recommend best practices in terms of use of data formats, metadata standards and ontologies. In addition to the best practices, the guidelines provide examples of tools and implementations that are likely to facilitate the adoption of the recommendations. To maximize the adoption of the recommendations, the WDI-WG used a community-driven approach that involved the wheat research community from the start, took into account their needs and practices, and provided them with a framework to keep the recommendations up to date. We also report this approach’s potential to be generalizable to other (agricultural) domains.

Published
2017
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13. Global to local genetic diversity indicators of evolutionary potential in tree species within and outside forests

Author

Bruno Fady, Filippos A. Aravanopoulos, Suchitra Changtragoon, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Zohra Bennadji, Judy Loo, Lars Graudal, Lolona Ramamonjisoa, Erik Dahl Kjær, Forest & Landscape Denmark, Faculty of Life Sciences, World Agroforestry Centre, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), National Park Wild Life and Plant Conservation Department, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Silo National des Graines Forestières, Antananarivo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), ANR (ANR-08-BDVA-0006), FAO, Consortium Research Programme of the CGIAR on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA), EUFORGEN, Judy Loo, Oudara Souvannavong, and Ian Dawson

Subjects
knowledge, productivity, Resource (biology), Types of indicators, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Biology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Ecosystem services, biodiversité, productivité, Ecosystem diversity, Genetic variability, pilotage strategique, Genetic erosion, media_common, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, Diversity, Genetic diversity, arbre, Genetic and demographic verifiers, The genecological approach, Diversity, productivity, knowledge, management, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Forestry, 15. Life on land, échelle, diversité génétique, business, indicateur, human activities, management, Diversity (politics)
Abstract

International audience; There is a general trend of biodiversity loss at global, regional, national and local levels. To monitor this trend, international policy processes have created a wealth of indicators over the last two decades. However, genetic diversity indicators are regrettably absent from comprehensive bin-monitoring schemes. Here, we provide a review and an assessment of the different attempts made to provide such indicators for tree genetic diversity from the global level down to the level of the management unit. So far, no generally accepted indicators have been provided as international standards, nor tested for their possible use in practice. We suggest that indicators for monitoring genetic diversity and dynamics should be based on ecological and demographic surrogates of adaptive diversity as well as genetic markers capable of identifying genetic erosion and gene flow. A comparison of past and present genecological distributions (patterns of genetic variation of key adaptive traits in the ecological space) of selected species is a realistic way of assessing the trend of intra-specific variation, and thus provides a state indicator of tree genetic diversity also able to reflect possible pressures threatening genetic diversity. Revealing benefits of genetic diversity related to ecosystem services is complex, but current trends in plantation performance offer the possibility of an indicator of benefit. Response indicators are generally much easier to define, because recognition and even quantification of, e.g., research, education, breeding, conservation, and regulation actions and programs are relatively straightforward. Only state indicators can reveal genetic patterns and processes, which are fundamental for maintaining genetic diversity. Indirect indicators of pressure, benefit, or response should therefore not be used independently of state indicators. A coherent set of indicators covering diversity-productivity-knowledge-management based on the genecological approach is proposed for application on appropriate groups of tree species in the wild and in cultivation worldwide. These indicators realistically reflect the state, trends and potentials of the world's tree genetic resources to support sustainable growth. The state of the genetic diversity will be based on trends in population distributions and diversity patterns for selected species. The productivity of the genetic resource of trees in current use will reflect the possible potential of mobilizing the resource further. Trends in knowledge will underpin the potential capacity for development of the resource and current management of the genetic resource itself will reveal how well we are actually doing and where improvements are required. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Published
2014
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14. The role of forest genetic resources in responding to biotic and abiotic factors in the context of anthropogenic climate change

Author

Tore Skrøppa, Judy Loo, Roberto Lindig-Cisneros, Barbara Vinceti, Ian K. Dawson, Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero, Bruno Fady, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Richard A. Fleming, Trevor Q. Murdock, René I. Alfaro, Carlos Navarro, Yousry A. El-Kassaby, Giulia Baldinelli, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), World Agroforestry Centre, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMICH), Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Azuero Earth Project, Partenaires INRAE, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, University of London, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, and University of British Columbia (UBC)

Subjects
arbre forestier, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate change, Context (language use), Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Natural disturbances, ressource génétique végétale, Tree genetic variation, Adaptation, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, Phenotypic plasticity, changement climatique, business.industry, Ecology, Global warming, Environmental resource management, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Forest genetic resources, Geography, Habitat, 13. Climate action, adaptation au changement climatique, business
Abstract

International audience; The current distribution of forest genetic resources on Earth is the result of a combination of natural processes and human actions. Over time, tree populations have become adapted to their habitats including the local ecological disturbances they face. As the planet enters a phase of human-induced climate change of unprecedented speed and magnitude, however, previously locally-adapted populations are rendered less suitable for new conditions, and 'natural' biotic and abiotic disturbances are taken outside their historic distribution, frequency and intensity ranges. Tree populations rely on phenotypic plasticity to survive in extant locations, on genetic adaptation to modify their local phenotypic optimum or on migration to new suitable environmental conditions. The rate of required change, however, may outpace the ability to respond, and tree species and populations may become locally extinct after specific, but as yet unknown and unquantified, tipping points are reached. Here, we review the importance of forest genetic resources as a source of evolutionary potential for adaptation to changes in climate and other ecological factors. We particularly consider climate-related responses in the context of linkages to disturbances such as pests, diseases and fire, and associated feedback loops. The importance of management strategies to conserve evolutionary potential is emphasised and recommendations for policy-makers are provided.

Published
2014
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15. The coffee genome hub: a resource for coffee genomes

Author

Olivier Garsmeur, Valentin Guignon, Alexis Dereeper, Sébastien Ravel, Christine Tranchant-Dubreuil, Stéphanie Bocs, Philippe Lashermes, Gaëtan Droc, Valérie Poncet, Mathieu Rouard, Résistance des plantes aux bio-agresseurs (UMR RPB), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
Coffea, Genome browser, Logiciel, Genome, Gene, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Phylogenomics, Database Issue, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, Diversity, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Genome project, Genomics, C30 - Documentation et information, Système d'information, Tool, Databases, Nucleic Acid, Banque de données, Genome, Plant, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Framework, Computational biology, Biology, Coffea canephora, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Synteny, génomique, Database, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, Ressource génétique végétale, Bioinformatique, Syntenic, Genomes, Whole genome sequencing, Génome, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Annotation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Amélioration des plantes, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Gène, Arabica, Software
Abstract

The whole genome sequence of Coffea canephora, the perennial diploid species known as Robusta, has been recently released. In the context of the C. canephora genome sequencing project and to support post-genomics efforts, we developed the Coffee Genome Hub ( ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://coffee-genome.org/" xlink:type="simple">http://coffee-genome.org/), an integrative genome information system that allows centralized access to genomics and genetics data and analysis tools to facilitate translational and applied research in coffee. We provide the complete genome sequence of C. canephora along with gene structure, gene product information, metabolism, gene families, transcriptomics, syntenic blocks, genetic markers and genetic maps. The hub relies on generic software (e.g. GMOD tools) for easy querying, visualizing and downloading research data. It includes a Genome Browser enhanced by a Community Annotation System, enabling the improvement of automatic gene annotation through an annotation editor. In addition, the hub aims at developing interoperability among other existing South Green tools managing coffee data (phylogenomics resources, SNPs) and/or supporting data analyses with the Galaxy workflow manager.

Published
2015
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16. Agricultural biodiversity, social-ecological systems and sustainable diets

Author

Bruce Cogill, Guillermo Flichman, Paolo Prosperi, Thomas Allen, Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Dipartimento di Gestione dei Sistemi Agroalimentari e Ambientali (DiGeSA), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)

Subjects
ECOSYSTEME, Food policy, Medicine (miscellaneous), Food Supply, AGROFOOD SYSTEM, Sustainable development, Bio-economic modelling, ECOSYSTEMS, Food Industry, Integrated assessment, MODELE BIOECONOMIQUE, 2. Zero hunger, Nutrition and Dietetics, Food security, SECURITE ALIMENTAIRE, Environmental resource management, FOOD SECURITY, Biodiversity, NUTRITION HUMAINE, language, Food systems, Crops, Agricultural, Conservation of Natural Resources, Nutrition-sensitive agriculture, Nutritional Status, Crops, Sustainable Agriculture Innovation Network, 12. Responsible consumption, HUMAN NUTRITION, BIOECONOMIC MODEL, Humans, COMPORTEMENT ALIMENTAIRE, Environmental planning, Ecosystem, Agricultural, Dietary diversity, SYSTEME AGROALIMENTAIRE, business.industry, Feeding Behavior, Diet, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, 15. Life on land, RESILIENCE, AGROBIODIVERSITE, ALIMENTATION DURABLE, language.human_language, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, SUSTAINABLE FOOD, Sustainability, Environmental science, AGROBIODIVERSITY, Agricultural biodiversity, FEEDING HABITS, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

Conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security, 2013/05/28-29, Lille (France); International audience; The stark observation of the co-existence of undernourishment, nutrient deficiencies and overweight and obesity, the triple burden of malnutrition, is inviting us to reconsider health and nutrition as the primary goal and final endpoint of food systems. Agriculture and the food industry have made remarkable advances in the past decades. However, their development has not entirely fulfilled health and nutritional needs, and moreover, they have generated substantial collateral losses in agricultural biodiversity. Simultaneously, several regions are experiencing unprecedented weather events caused by climate change and habitat depletion, in turn putting at risk global food and nutrition security. This coincidence of food crises with increasing environmental degradation suggests an urgent need for novel analyses and new paradigms. The sustainable diets concept proposes a research and policy agenda that strives towards a sustainable use of human and natural resources for food and nutrition security, highlighting the preeminent role of consumers in defining sustainable options and the importance of biodiversity in nutrition. Food systems act as complex social–ecological systems, involving multiple interactions between human and natural components. Nutritional patterns and environment structure are interconnected in a mutual dynamic of changes. The systemic nature of these interactions calls for multidimensional approaches and integrated assessment and simulation tools to guide change. This paper proposes a review and conceptual modelling framework that articulate the synergies and tradeoffs between dietary diversity, widely recognised as key for healthy diets, and agricultural biodiversity and associated ecosystem functions, crucial resilience factors to climate and global changes.

Published
2014
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17. Seed exchange networks for agrobiodiversity conservation. A review

Author

Oliver T. Coomes, François Massol, Doyle McKey, Sara Tramontini, Marc Delêtre, Clélia Soler, Thomas F. Döring, Sophie Caillon, Marco Pautasso, Shawn McGuire, Devra I. Jarvis, Hélène Joly, Adeline Barnaud, Guntra A. Aistara, Christine Padoch, Pascal Clouvel, Mathieu Thomas, Paola De Santis, Selim Louafi, Isabelle Goldringer, Laure Emperaire, Eric Garine, Christian Leclerc, Elise Demeulenaere, Pierre Martin, Ludivine Eloy, Forest Pathology and Dendrology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Central European University [Budapest, Hongrie] (CEU), Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées (UMR DGPC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dynamiques socio-environnementales et gouvernance des ressources (199), Systèmes de Cultures Annuelles (UPR SCA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Botany Department, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Trinity College Dublin, Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversity International, Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement (UMR ART-Dev), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative (LESC), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Végétale (GV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of International Development, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Organic Research Centre (ORC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB), Centre de Synthese et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversite (CESAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées [UMR DGPC], Systèmes de Cultures Annuelles [UPR SCA], Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie [EAE], Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement [UMR ART-Dev], Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance [PALOC], Génétique Végétale [GV], European Space Research and Technology Centre [ESTEC], Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive [CEFE], Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales [UMR AGAP], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement [Cirad], Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 [Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne [EDYTEM], European Food Safety Authority [EFSA], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, collecte de semences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, agrobiodiversité, Biodiversity, DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE, Review, 01 natural sciences, Global change, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, FACTEUR SOCIOECONOMIQUE, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, Participation, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Simulation models, CONSERVATION DES RESSOURCES GENETIQUES, GRAINE, Agroécosystème, Seeds, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Environmental Engineering, Agriculteur, Participatory approaches, media_common.quotation_subject, ECHANGE, Analyse de réseau, Complex networks, 010603 evolutionary biology, Landscape genetics, SEMENCE, PLANTE CULTIVEE, Conservation des ressources, Scenarios, Variété indigène, F03 - Production et traitement des semences, Variété, Environnement socioculturel, Environmental planning, Semence, Sustainable development, Changement climatique, business.industry, Modèle de simulation, AGRICULTEUR, 15. Life on land, AGROBIODIVERSITE, MODELISATION, Methods in ecology and evolution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Cultural heritage, Conceptual framework, approches participatives, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Sustainability, Agricultural biodiversity, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Plante de culture, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Diversity (politics)
Abstract

International audience; The circulation of seed among farmers is central to agrobiodiversity conservation and dynamics. Agrobiodiversity, the diversity of agricultural systems from genes to varieties and crop species, from farming methods to landscape composition, is part of humanity’s cultural heritage. Whereas agrobiodiversity conservation has received much attention from researchers and policy makers over the last decades, the methods available to study the role of seed exchange networks in preserving crop biodiversity have only recently begun to be considered. In this overview, we present key concepts, methods, and challenges to better understand seed exchange networks so as to improve the chances that traditional crop varieties (landraces) will be preserved and used sustainably around the world. The available literature suggests that there is insufficient knowledge about the social, cultural, and methodological dimensions of environmental change, including how seed exchange networks will cope with changes in climates, socio-economic factors, and family structures that have supported seed exchange systems to date. Methods available to study the role of seed exchange networks in the preservation and adaptation of crop specific and genetic diversity range from meta-analysis to modelling, from participatory approaches to the development of bio-indicators, from genetic to biogeographical studies, from anthropological and ethnographic research to the use of network theory. We advocate a diversity of approaches, so as to foster the creation of robust and policy-relevant knowledge. Open challenges in the study of the role of seed exchange networks in biodiversity conservation include the development of methods to (i) enhance farmers’ participation to decision-making in agro-ecosystems, (ii) integrate ex situ and in situ approaches, (iii) achieve interdisciplinary research collaboration between social and natural scientists, and (iv) use network analysis as a conceptual framework to bridge boundaries among researchers, farmers and policy makers, as well as other stakeholders.

Published
2013
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18. Massive sorghum collection genotyped with SSR markers to enhance use of global genetic resources

Author

Hari D. Upadhyaya, Rolf T. Folkertsma, Ping Lu, Jean-Louis Noyer, Laëtitia Gardes, C. Thomas Hash, Sophie Bouchet, Yu Li, Monique Deu, Jacques Chantereau, Elizabeth Arnaud, Jean-François Rami, Claire Billot, Jean-Christophe Glaszmann, Ronan Rivallan, Punna Ramu, Tianyu Wang, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales - Clermont Auvergne (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institute of Crop Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Bioversity International, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR], Generation Challenge Programme (GCP), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India Microsoft Corporation, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics [Inde] (ICRISAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Germplasm, Plant Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ADN, sorgho, lcsh:Medicine, Plant Science, Plant Genetics, 01 natural sciences, Gene flow, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Génétique des populations, Plant Genomics, Marqueur génétique, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, food and beverages, Agriculture, Genomics, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, Sorghum bicolor, Phylogeography, genetic resources, Provenance, Microsatellite, marqueur ssr, génotype, Research Article, Locus des caractères quantitatifs, DNA, Plant, Genotype, Distribution géographique, Cereals, Crops, ressource génétique, diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Ressource génétique végétale, Variation génétique, Genetic variation, Genetics, Plant breeding, Biology, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, diversité, Genetic diversity, Polymorphism, Genetic, Population Biology, business.industry, lcsh:R, Computational Biology, Genetic Variation, Bayes Theorem, échelle mondiale, Sorghum, biology.organism_classification, Biotechnology, Gestion des ressources, Genetic Loci, Collection de matériel génétique, Genetic Polymorphism, marqueur de sélection, Plant Biotechnology, lcsh:Q, sorghum, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, business, Sweet sorghum, Population Genetics, 010606 plant biology & botany, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

Large ex situ collections require approaches for sampling manageable amounts of germplasm for in-depth characterization and use. We present here a large diversity survey in sorghum with 3367 accessions and 41 reference nuclear SSR markers. Of 19 alleles on average per locus, the largest numbers of alleles were concentrated in central and eastern Africa. Cultivated sorghum appeared structured according to geographic regions and race within region. A total of 13 groups of variable size were distinguished. The peripheral groups in western Africa, southern Africa and eastern Asia were the most homogeneous and clearly differentiated. Except for Kafir, there was little correspondence between races and marker-based groups. Bicolor, Caudatum, Durra and Guinea types were each dispersed in three groups or more. Races should therefore better be referred to as morphotypes. Wild and weedy accessions were very diverse and scattered among cultivated samples, reinforcing the idea that large gene-flow exists between the different compartments. Our study provides an entry to global sorghum germplasm collections. Our reference marker kit can serve to aggregate additional studies and enhance international collaboration. We propose a core reference set in order to facilitate integrated phenotyping experiments towards refined functional understanding of sorghum diversity.

Published
2013
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19. More efficient conservation and use of vegetable genetic resources in Europe: ECPGR achievement and perspectives

Author

Emmanuel Geoffriau, R. van Treuren, Ferdinando Branca, K. Smékalova, E. R. J. Keller, T. Kotlinska, D. Astley, Charlotte J. Allender, María José Díez, W. van Dooijeweert, Lorenzo Maggioni, M. C. Daunay, N. Bas, Johannes M.M. Engels, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Department of vegetables and special crops, Crop Research Institute, University of Warwick, Università degli Studi di Catania (UniCT), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Plant genetic resources laboratory, Research institute of vegetables crops (RIVC), Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des fruits et légumes (GALF), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Regional office for Europe bioversity international, and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Leafy vegetables, Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Centre for Genetic Resources, Brassica, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, resource preservation, ressource génétique, biodiversité, Allium, Genetic resources, Vegetables, conservation des ressources, vegetable, European cooperation, Environmental planning, Solanaceae, 2. Zero hunger, collection botanique, Cucurbits, The Netherlands, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, légume, 15. Life on land, vegetables, genetic resources, European cooperation, Brassica, Allium, Geography, Centrum Genetische Bronnen Nederland, Umbellifers, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, plant collections, Curcubitaceae, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR) is a regional network funded by the European countries and coordinated by Bioversity International. The Vegetables Network with representatives of 42 countries, is one of the crop specific ECPGR networks (http://www.ecpgr.cgiar.org/ networks/vegetables.html). It consists of six Working Groups (WGs), i.e., on Allium, Brassica, Cucurbits, Leafy Vegetables, Solanaceae and Umbellifer Crops. Sharing responsibilities for the ex situ conservation of European vegetable crops genetic resources is the highest priority of the Vegetables Network. It is foreseen that the rationalization of the collections will lead to higher cost-efficiency, and improvement of plant genetic resources documentation and quality. These efforts will be continued within the framework of the AEGIS initiative (A European Genebank Integrated System) (http://www.aegis.cgiar.org/). Challenges for the Vegetables Network include the identification of the so-called Most Appropriate Accessions (MAA) for each crop for their inclusion in the decentrally managed European Collection, and the development of agreed crop specific technical standards for conservation. Achievements of the Network in recent years include the development of European Central Crop Databases (ECCDBs), quality standards for collection man-agement of seed-propagated crops and cryopreserved material, safety duplication improvement and definition of minimum characterization descriptors. Several EU-funded projects have initiated and accelerated the activities of the WGs. Apart from further improvements within the framework of AEGIS, the Network is planning a number of other initiatives, such as improving collaboration at the global level (Allium), developing molecular characterization protocols (lettuce), filling the gaps in the conservation of wild relatives (Brassica and Umbellifer Crops), and improving the Network’s communication with the scientific community and the public at large.

Published
2011

20. Quantitative trait loci associated with adaptation to Mediterranean dryland conditions in barley

Author

M. von Korff, Salvatore Ceccarelli, A. Del Greco, Dominique This, Stefania Grando, Michael Baum, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas [Syrie] (ICARDA), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Développement et amélioration des plantes (UMR DAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Genetic Markers, 0106 biological sciences, Candidate gene, Rain, Quantitative Trait Loci, Plant genetics, Population, Drought tolerance, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, Genes, Plant, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Cultivar, education, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Mediterranean Region, fungi, Water, food and beverages, Hordeum, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Adaptation, Physiological, Plant Leaves, Agronomy, Genetic marker, Seeds, Hordeum vulgare, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology
Abstract

Correspondance: m.baum@cgiar.org; UMR DAP équipe SEG; International audience; The objective of the present study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing agronomic performance across rain fed Mediterranean environments in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the barley cultivars ER/Apm and Tadmor. The population was tested in four locations (two in Syria and two in Lebanon) during four consecutive years. This allowed the analysis of marker main effects as well as of marker by location and marker by year within location interactions. The analysis demonstrated the significance of crossover interactions in environments with large differences between locations and between years within locations. Alleles from the parent with the higher yield potential, ER/ Apm, were associated with improved performance at all markers exhibiting main effects for grain yield. The coincidence of main effect QTL for plant height and yield indicated that average yield was mainly determined by plant height, where Tadmor’s taller plants, being susceptible to lodging, yielded less. However, a number of crossover interactions were detected, in particular for yield, where the Tadmor allele improved yield in the locations with more severe drought stress. The marker with the highest number of cross-over interactions for yield and yield component traits mapped close to the flowering gene Ppd-H2 and a candidate gene for drought tolerance HVA1 on chromosome 1H. Effects of these candidate genes and QTL may be involved in adaptation to severe drought as frequently occurring in the driest regions in the Mediterranean countries. Identification of QTL and genes affecting field performance of barley under drought stress is a first step towards the understanding of the genetics behind drought tolerance.

Published
2008
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21. Sustainability and Food & Nutrition Security

Author

Martine Padilla, Bruce Cogill, Paolo Prosperi, Iuri Peri, Thomas Allen, Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), and Università degli studi di Catania [Catania]

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Vulnerability, VULNERABILITE, INDICATEUR COMPOSITE, Social Sciences (all), AGROFOOD SYSTEM, résilience, alimentation durable, Methods and statistics, VOLATILITE DES PRIX, 11. Sustainability, food systems, sustainable diets, environment, metrics, resilience, système alimentaire, crise alimentaire, alimentation durablerégime alimentaire, résiliencedurabilité, Sustainability organizations, Etudes de l'environnement, 2. Zero hunger, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Food security, food systems,sustainable diets,environment,metrics,resilience, General Arts and Humanities, Environmental resource management, 1. No poverty, General Social Sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Agricultural sciences, Food systems, Santé publique et épidémiologie, régime alimentaire, Environment, Metrics, Resilience, Sustainable diets, Arts and Humanities (all), NUTRITION HUMAINE, Alimentation et Nutrition, food systems, sustainable diets, environment, metrics, resilience, système alimentaire, Social sustainability, Food systems, sustainable diets, resilience, metrics, HUMAN FEEDING, 12. Responsible consumption, Economies et finances, Biodiversity and Ecology, HUMAN NUTRITION, Vulnerability assessment, Food and Nutrition, FOOD SUPPLY, REGION MEDITERRANEENNE, Environmental studies, VULNERABILITY, Sustainable development, ALIMENTATION HUMAINE, SYSTEME AGROALIMENTAIRE, business.industry, COMPOSITE INDICATOR, ADAPTATION AU CHANGEMENT, Environmental and Society, durabilité, COMPORTEMENT, RESILIENCE, 15. Life on land, ADAPTATION TO CHANGE, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Méthodes et statistiques, DISPONIBILITE ALIMENTAIRE, Economies and finances, crise alimentaire, SUSTAINABLE FOOD, 13. Climate action, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Sustainability, ALIMENTAIRE, DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, FEEDING HABITS, MEDITERRANEAN REGION, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environnement et Société, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Sciences agricoles
Abstract

International audience; Recurrent food crises and climate change, along with habitat loss and micronutrient deficiencies, are global issues of critical importance that have pushed food security and environmental sustainability to the top of the political agenda. Analyses of the dynamic linkages between food consumption patterns and environmental concerns have recently received considerable attention from the international and scientific community. Using the lens of a broad sustainability approach, this conceptual article aims at developing a multidimensional framework to evaluate the sustainability of food systems and diets, applicable to countries of the Mediterranean region. Derived from natural disaster and sustainability sciences, a vulnerability approach, enhanced by inputs from the resilience literature, has been adapted to analyze the main issues related to food and nutrition security. Through causal factor analysis, the resulting conceptual framework improves the design of information systems or metrics assessing the interrelated environmental, economic, social, and health dynamics of food systems.

Published
2014
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