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1. Interspecific differences in the effect of fish on marine microbial plankton

Author

Jérémy Argenty, Thierry Bouvier, Claire Carré, Corinne Bouvier, Eric Fouilland, Sébastien Villéger, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Nutrient cycle, Microbial food web, Bacteria, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Nutrient excretion, Bacterioplankton, Aquatic Science, Plankton, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Marine fish, Protozooplankton, Abundance (ecology), Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Relative species abundance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Redfield ratio
Abstract

International audience; The productivity of most marine ecosystems is limited by the availability of dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Nutrient recycling is therefore a key process for ecosystem functioning. Fish recycle nutrients through the excretion of ammonia and phosphate and can influence the abundance and community structure of primary producers such as phytoplankton. However, the effect of fish on other plankton compartments, and whether all fish species have similar effects, is largely unknown. We used a tank experiment to test how 2 Mediterranean fish species, gilthead seabream Sparus aurata and golden mullet Chelon auratus, with distinctly different N and P excretion rates, can affect the abundance and community structure of 3 plankton compartments: phytoplankton, bacterioplankton, and microzooplankton. We found that the nutrients released by seabream (whose excreta had an N:P molar ratio greater than the Redfield ratio of 16:1) induced a substantial increase in the abundance of all plankton compartments. In addition, with seabream, the relative abundance of diatoms in the phytoplankton communities increased. However, no significant change was observed with mullet, which had a low excreta N:P molar ratio, suggesting that the growth of microbial plankton was limited by the availability of N. Our results demonstrate that nutrient excretion by fish affects the microbial food web through a species-specific bottom-up effect on the total abundance and community structure of the phytoplankton, bacterioplankton, and microzooplankton communities.

Published
2019
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2. Control of the pH for marine microalgae polycultures: A key point for CO2 fixation improvement in intensive cultures

Author

Sébastien Triplet, Eric Fouilland, Emilie Le Floc'h, Emmanuelle Roque D'Orbcastel, Mélissa Lanfranchi, Monique Simier, Amandine Galès, Claire Carré, Cécile Roques, Cyrille Przybyla, Thibault Geoffroy, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station IFREMER de Palavas-les-Flots, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), VASCO2 project, which was funded by the Agence de l'Environnement et le la Maitrise de l'Energie - French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Service d' Experimentations Aquacoles [Palavas les Flots] (LSEA MARBEC), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_element, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Intermediate level, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, predators 13, Microalgal diversity, 12. Responsible consumption, Key point, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, Polyculture, Waste Management and Disposal, High rate, pH, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Process Chemistry and Technology, Carbon fixation, Carbon yield, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Phosphate, Nitrogen, 0104 chemical sciences, Predators, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Recently, CO2 recycling for the production of valuable microalgae has acquired substantial interest. Most studies investigating CO2 conversion efficiency in algal cultures were based on single species, although a stabilising effect of algal diversity on biomass production was recently highlighted. However, addition of CO2 into polyalgal cultures requires a careful control of pH; performance of CO2 conversion, growth and carbon biomass production are affected by pH differently, depending on the species of microalgae. This study investigates the efficiency of CO2 conversion by natural marine algal assemblage cultivated in open, land-based raceways (4.5 m3, 10 m2), working as high rate algal ponds (HRAP). Ponds were enriched with nitrogen and phosphate, pure CO2 was added and algal cultures were grown under three different fixed pH levels: pH 6, 7 and 8. The highest conversion of photosynthetically fixed CO2 into carbon biomass (40%) was reached at pH 7, an intermediate level, due to the partial CO2 asphyxiation of algal predators (copepods, ciliates), while being under the suboptimal conditions for the development of marine amoebae. Under this pH, the theoretical maximal biological conversion of available CO2 into carbon biomass was estimated to be 60% in naturally inoculated open ponds.

Published
2020
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3. Geochemistry of an endorheic thalassohaline ecosystem: the Dziani Dzaha crater lake (Mayotte Archipelago, Indian Ocean)

Author

Marc Bouvy, Emilie Le Floc'h, Marc Troussellier, Didier Jézéquel, Hélène Agogué, Magali Ader, Eric Fouilland, Emmanuelle Gérard, Christophe Leboulanger, Cécile Bernard, Mylène Hugoni, Vincent Grossi, Gérard Sarazin, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Research Agency (ANR)ANR-13-BS06-000Universite Montpellier II (project METTRO)Universite Montpellier II (project MYPROBE)Total Corporate Foundation (project DZAHA), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France, Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle de Luxembourg (MNHN), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Biogeochemical cycle, Thalassohaline lake, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mayotte, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Cyanobacteria, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Crater lake, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Trophic level, geography, Biomass (ecology), geography.geographical_feature_category, Biogeochemistry, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Maar, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Archipelago, Methane emission, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Endorheic ecosystem
Abstract

International audience; Dziani Dzaha is a maar the age of which is close to 4000 years. While its water is thought to have originated from seawater it is now considered as an extreme environment due to its hypersaline and alkaline characteristics. Those extreme features have led to the simplification of the trophic network. Cyanobacteria account for up to 95% of the photosynthetic biomass. The main biogeochemical processes, i.e. photosynthesis, bacterial sulfate reduction and methanogenesis could explain the current water composition. As far as we know, this ecosystem could be unique on Earth, extending the nature and chemical limits of aquatic inland ecosystems.

Published
2020
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4. Fish, Algae, and Oysters: The Winning Trio in Aquaculture

Author

Elyse Boudin, Eric Fouilland, Emmanuelle Roque D'Orbcastel, Meng Li, Frédérique Carcaillet, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
biology, business.industry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 05 social sciences, biology.organism_classification, 050105 experimental psychology, Fishery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Algae, Aquaculture, %22">Fish , 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 14. Life underwater, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Most older methods of fish farming, or aquaculture, have focused on growing only a single species of sea life, for example, salmon. Modern aquaculture systems involve the cultivation of two or more species together, based on what happens normally in the food chain, so that one species can provide a source of food for another species in the farm. This article describes the results of an experiment combining fish culture with algae culture and oyster culture. We show that algae can grow using fish waste, and oysters can eat algae to produce good-quality, healthy food, which reduces the pollution generated by aquaculture.

Published
2019
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5. Impacts of chemical contamination on bacterio-phytoplankton coupling

Author

Marouan Meddeb, Asma Sakka Hlaili, Eric Fouilland, Olivier Pringault, Claire Carré, Kaouther Mejri, Marc Bouvy, Christophe Leboulanger, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Carthage - University of Carthage

Subjects
Bacterial carbon demand, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Heterotroph, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Phytoplankton, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, Organic matter, Ecosystem, Biomass, 14. Life underwater, Pesticides, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Primary production, Bacteria, Primary producers, Aquatic ecosystem, fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Bacterioplankton, 15. Life on land, Pollution, Carbon, Trace Elements, 020801 environmental engineering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Trace metallic elements, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

Phytoplankton and bacterioplankton are the key components of the organic matter cycle in aquatic ecosystems, and their interactions can impact the transfer of carbon and ecosystem functioning. The aim of this work was to assess the consequences of chemical contamination on the coupling between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in two contrasting marine coastal ecosystems: lagoon waters and offshore waters. Bacterial carbon demand was sustained by primary carbon production in the offshore situation, suggesting a tight coupling between both compartments. In contrast, in lagoon waters, due to a higher nutrient and organic matter availability, bacteria could rely on allochthonous carbon sources to sustain their carbon requirements, decreasing so the coupling between both compartments. Exposure to chemical contaminants, pesticides and metal trace elements, resulted in a significant inhibition of the metabolic activities (primary production and bacterial carbon demand) involved in the carbon cycle, especially in offshore waters during spring and fall, inducing a significant decrease of the coupling between primary producers and heterotrophs. This coupling loss was even more evident upon sediment resuspension for both ecosystems due to the important release of nutrients and organic matter. Resulting enrichment alleviated the toxic effects of contaminants as indicated by the stimulation of phytoplankton biomass and carbon production, and modified the composition of the phytoplankton community, impacting so the interactions between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton.

Published
2020
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6. Bioremediation of fishpond effluent and production of microalgae for an oyster farm in an innovative recirculating integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system

Author

Christophe Menniti, Jean-Paul Blancheton, Sébastien Triplet, Sarah Nahon, Eric Fouilland, Amandine Galès, Meng Li, Emmanuelle Roque D'Orbcastel, Thibault Geoffroy, Myriam D. Callier, Fisheries College, Huazhong Agricultural University, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens CEFREM, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), This study was supported by the program 'State Scholarship Fund' from the China Scholarship Council (CSC Scholarship No. 201606330043). These results were obtained within the framework of the ERA-Net COFASP project (IMTA-Effect project) with funding from The French National Research Agency (ANR-15-COFA-0001-06)., and Huazhong Agricultural University [Wuhan] (HZAU)

Subjects
Oyster, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Fish farming, approche intégrée, nutrient bioremediation, Aquatic Science, 03 medical and health sciences, Oysters, Animal science, Aquaculture, biology.animal, Phytoplankton, Microalgae, imta, 14. Life underwater, Tetraselmis, Effluent, Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, oyster, huître, biology, business.industry, microalgae, Recirculating aquaculture system, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, IMTA, Community structure, bioremédiation, aquaculture, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Nutrient bioremediation, community structure, business, dicentrarchus labrax
Abstract

International audience; Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems are a promising solution for sustainable aquaculture combining nutrient recycling with increased biomass production. An innovative land-based recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) was studied in France for a 60-day experiment. It combined a European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) RAS with two other production systems: high rate algal ponds (HRAP) with natural marine polyspecific algal assemblages, and oysters in separate open tanks. The objective was the assessment of: 1) the efficiency and the stability of the microalgae bioremediation of the effluent from a fish RAS in spring and summer, 2) the abundance and the diversity patterns of the microalgae biomass for consumption in the oyster compartment of the IMTA. Silicate was added every week after the beginning of the experiment for maintaining a Si:N:P molar ratio of 10:5:1 in the HRAP to encourage the growth of diatoms. The HRAP have an overall removal efficiency of 98.6 ± 0.2% for NO3-N, 98.0 ± 0.4% for NO2-N, 97.3 ± 0.7% for NH4-N and 96.1 ± 0.6% for PO4-P, with removal rates of 335.8 ± 0.8, 23.6 ± 0.2, 30.9 ± 0.2, and 22.3 ± 0.2 mgm−2 d−1, respectively. The concentration of total suspended solid (TSS) and chlorophyll a (chl a) increased during the experiment and reached maximum values on day 46 (135.3 ± 34.7 mg TSS l−1 and 0.42 ± 0.03 mg chl a l−1) after which the microalgae collapsed due to a CO2 limitation (pH ca. 10). Sequencing analysis revealed that the microalgae community was dominated by Tetraselmis sp. from day 1 to day 16 (45.7% to 73.8% relative abundance). From day 30 to day 43 the culture was dominated by diatoms, Phaeodactylum sp. (83.4% to 98.1% relative abundance). Although the stable carbon isotope signatures confirmed that the microalgae were consumed, oysters' growth was limited in the RAS-IMTA, suggesting that oysters were under stress or not fed enough

Published
2019
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7. Influence of bacteria on the response of microalgae to contaminant mixtures

Author

Eric Fouilland, Inès Beaugelin, Elodie Lanouguère, Olivier Pringault, Christophe Leboulanger, Amandine Galès, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-13-CESA-0001, ANR‐14‐CE04‐0011, ANR-13-CESA-0001,RISCO,Réponses des microorganismes pélagiques à une contamination par sédiments pollués(2013), ANR-14-CE04-0011,Phycover,Durabilité des productions microalgales par recyclage du phosphore et de l'azote des eaux résiduaires : vers la station d'épuration du futur(2014), and Fouilland, Eric

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Geologic Sediments, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], microbial interactions, metallic and pesticide contaminants, sediments, 030106 microbiology, Metallic and pesticide contaminants, 010501 environmental sciences, interaction microbienne, 01 natural sciences, Sediments, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Microbial interactions, Microalgae, évaluation de la toxicité, Environmental Chemistry, Microalgae growth, 14. Life underwater, pesticide, bactérisation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, micro-algue, biology, Bacteria, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Sediment, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Contamination, Pesticide, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, chemistry, 13. Climate action, métal toxique, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Associated bacteria, Toxicant
Abstract

When microalgae are exposed to contaminants, the role of associated bacteria within the phycosphere, the microenvironment surrounding algal cells, remains largely unknown. The present study investigated the importance of algae-associated bacteria on the responses of microalgae growth to metallic and organic toxicant exposure. The effects of a polluted sediment elutriate, and of metal or pesticide mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations (

Published
2018
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8. Assessment of bacterial dependence on marine primary production along a northern latitudinal gradient

Author

Sharon McNeill, Elaine Mitchell, Sian Lordsmith, E. Elena Garcia-Martin, Elanor Bell, Eric Fouilland, Emilie Le Floc'h, Tim Brand, Debra Brennan, Raymond J.G. Leakey, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, Bacterial growth, nitrogen fluxes, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, Phytoplankton, Sea ice, Seawater, Organic matter, Ammonium, 14. Life underwater, Nitrogen cycle, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bacteria, Ecology, Arctic Regions, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Heterotrophic Processes, Carbon, chemistry, Arctic, 13. Climate action, arctic waters, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Microbial Interactions, carbon coupling, North Sea, Seasons, phytoplankton and bacteria interactions
Abstract

Recent observations in polar marine waters have shown that a large fraction of primary production may be lost to respiration by planktonic bacteria due to very low bacterial growth efficiencies in cold waters. Here we report that sea temperature may be a key factor (but not the only one) influencing the interaction between bacteria and primary production in North Atlantic and Arctic waters, suggesting that low primary production rates could not sustain bacterial carbon demand in the coldest Arctic waters. The use of freshly produced phytoplankton exudate by bacteria in early- and mid-summer was assessed, together with the bacterial uptake of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN = nitrate and ammonium), in surface waters along a latitudinal gradient from the North Sea to the Arctic sea ice. Bacterial production was independent of the low primary production measured in the coldest waters. Under these conditions, heterotrophic bacteria can consume a large fraction of DIN and N-rich organic matter, making them strong contributors to N fluxes in these waters.

Published
2018
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9. Microbial food web structural and functional responses to oyster and fish as top predators

Author

Sébastien Mas, Francesca Vidussi, Marc Troussellier, Patrice Got, Cécile Roques, Corinne Bouvier, Richard Sempéré, E. Le Floc'h, B. Mostajir, Thierry Bouvier, Eric Fouilland, Télesphore Sime-Ngando, J. Nouguier, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Toulon - UFR Sciences et Techniques (UTLN UFR ScT), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
Bacterioplankton, Virioplankton, Oyster, Aquatic Science, Biology, Zooplankton, Mesocosm, Protozooplankton, Heterotrophy, biology.animal, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, Crassostrea, Trophic cascade, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, Microbial food web, Ecology, fungi, food and beverages, Plankton, Atherina, 13. Climate action, Autotrophy, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology
Abstract

International audience; The impact of fish and oysters on components of the pelagic microbial food web (MFW) was studied in a 10 d mesocosm experiment using Mediterranean coastal waters. Two mesocosms contained natural water only (‘Controls’), 2 contained natural water with Crassostrea gigas (‘Oyster’), and 2 contained natural water with Atherina spp. (‘Fish’). Abundances and biomasses of microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, phytoplankton, heterotrophic flagellates, and ciliates) were measured to estimate their contribution to the total microbial carbon biomass. Two MFW indices, the microbial autotroph:heterotroph C biomass ratio (A:H) structural index and the gross primary production:respiration ratio (GPP:R) functional index, were defined. In the Fish mesocosms, selective predation on zooplankton led to a trophic cascade with 51% higher phyto- plankton C biomass and consequently higher A:H and GPP:R than in the Controls. By the end of the experiment, the Oyster mesocosms had a bacterial C biomass 87% higher and phytoplankton C biomass 93% lower than the Controls, giving significantly lower A:H and GPP:R (1), whereas oyster activities made the MFW more hetero- trophic (both indices

Published
2015
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10. Significant Change in Marine Plankton Structure and Carbon Production After the Addition of River Water in a Mesocosm Experiment

Author

J. Nouguier, Francesca Vidussi, Marc Bouvy, Thierry Bouvier, E. Le Floc'h, S. Boyer, Eric Fouilland, Delphine Bonnet, Emma Rochelle-Newall, David Pecqueur, Behzad Mostajir, Hongmei Jing, Sébastien Mas, Aurore Trottet, Christophe Vasseur, Catharina Alves-de-Souza, Cécile Roques, E. Hatey, Christophe Leboulanger, Hongbin Liu, Laure Guillou, Christian Salles, Marie-George Tournoud, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Honk Kong University of Sciences and Technology, Centre d'Ecologie marine expérimentale (MEDIMEER), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), French national EC2CO program University of Montpellier 2 French Ministry of Education and Research UMR ECOSYM BEcologie des Systemes Marins Cotiers 5119 CNRS Institute of Ecology and Environment (InEE), University of Montpellier 2 IFR Armand Sabatier 129 Reseaux Trophiques Aquatiques CNRS-GDR2476 Region Languedoc-Roussillon, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, DYNAMICS, Rotifera, Fresh Water, NUTRIENT, 01 natural sciences, Mesocosm, FLASH-FLOOD, Flood impact, PHYTOPLANKTON, SALINITY, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, Potentially harmful species, MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL LAGOON, Planktonic food web, Plankton, 6. Clean water, Salt marsh, EUTROPHICATION, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France, BIOVOLUME, Food Chain, Soil Science, Coastal ecosystems, 010603 evolutionary biology, Rivers, Phytoplankton, Potentially, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, geography, Picoeukaryote, Bacteria, Brackish water, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Bacterioplankton, harmful species, biology.organism_classification, Carbon, 13. Climate action, CALANOIDA, SALT MARSHES, Eutrophication
Abstract

International audience; Rivers are known to be major contributors to eutrophication in marine coastal waters, but little is known on the short-term impact of freshwater surges on the structure and functioning of the marine plankton community. The effect of adding river water, reducing the salinity by 15 and 30%, on an autumn plankton community in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Thau Lagoon, France) was determined during a 6-day mesocosm experiment. Adding river water brought not only nutrients but also chlorophyceans that did not survive in the brackish mesocosm waters. The addition of water led to initial increases (days 1-2) in bacterial production as well as increases in the abundances of bacterioplankton and picoeukaryotes. After day 3, the increases were more significant for diatoms and dinoflagellates that were already present in the Thau Lagoon water (mainly Pseudo-nitzschia spp. group delicatissima and Prorocentrum triestinum) and other larger organisms (tintinnids, rotifers). At the same time, the abundances of bacterioplankton, cyanobacteria, and picoeukaryote fell, some nutrients (NH4 (+), SiO4 (3-)) returned to pre-input levels, and the plankton structure moved from a trophic food web based on secondary production to the accumulation of primary producers in the mesocosms with added river water. Our results also show that, after freshwater inputs, there is rapid emergence of plankton species that are potentially harmful to living organisms. This suggests that flash flood events may lead to sanitary issues, other than pathogens, in exploited marine areas.

Published
2017
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11. A new transportable floating mesocosm platform with autonomous sensors for real-time data acquisition and transmission for studying the pelagic food web functioning

Author

David Parin, Eric Fouilland, Emilie Le Floc'h, Behzad Mostajir, J. Nouguier, Francesca Vidussi, Romain Pete, and Sébastien Mas

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Hydrology, Chlorophyll a, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Primary production, Ocean Engineering, Pelagic zone, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Food web, Mesocosm, chemistry.chemical_compound, Water column, chemistry, Transmission (telecommunications), Data logger, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We describe a new transportable floating mesocosm platform with autonomous sensors. The platform has 9 separate units that can be transported by medium-sized research vessels and positioned in coastal waters. The in situ mesocosms are equipped with a set of sensors for measuring water temperature, conductivity, chlorophyll a fluorescence (Chl a), and dissolved oxygen concentration. It can take measurements every 2 min, store these measurements, and transmit them in real time. Each mesocosm has a pump with regulated flow to mix the water column. One of the floating units is used as an in situ observatory to monitor the water temperature and Chl a in the water around the mesocosms as well as weather data and the incident light. The main data logger on the platform sends all the data collected to a remote PC computer. This floating mesocosm platform was successfully deployed in 2010 and 2011 in Mediterranean coastal waters (Thau lagoon and Cretan Sea, respectively). Simultaneous, automatic, high temporal resolution monitoring of physical, chemical, and biological parameters in the mesocosms proved to be a powerful, noninvasive, and effective approach for i) monitoring the variations in physical and chemical parameters in real time and ii) assessing the short-term variations in Chl a and the pelagic food web metabolism (e.g., the community respiration, gross primary production, and net community production) in the mesocosms without any manipulation of water samples.

Published
2013
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12. Complementary support for the new ecological concept of ‘bacterial independence on contemporary phytoplankton production’ in oceanic waters

Author

Behzad Mostajir and Eric Fouilland

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, media_common.quotation_subject, fungi, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Independence, Microbial population biology, 13. Climate action, Phytoplankton, Production (economics), Photic zone, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

Different calculations of bacterial carbon demand (BCD) were applied to bacterioplanktonic production datasets from oceanic euphotic waters and compared with estimates of dissolved and total phytoplanktonic production estimates. All calculations showed that the BCD in low productive waters was not supported by contemporary dissolved phytoplanktonic production or by the whole phytoplanktonic production when empirically modeled bacterial respiration and growth efficiency rates were used. This supports the new ecological concept of bacterial independence on phytoplankton production at the time scales (days, weeks) relevant to the microbial generation times observed in the oceans and used in biological and ecological models.

Published
2011
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13. Use of inhibitors for coastal bacteria and phytoplankton: Application to nitrogen uptake measurement

Author

Marc Bouvy, Elodie Lanouguère, Aurore Trottet, Eric Fouilland, Christophe Leboulanger, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Aquatic Science, Cycloheximide, Bacterial growth, Biology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, antibiotics, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phytoplankton, Botany, medicine, 14. Life underwater, Mediterranean coastal waters, Incubation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Organism, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Thau Lagoon, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, phytoplankton, bacterioplankton interactions, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bacteria
Abstract

For several decades, prokaryotic and eukaryotic inhibitors have been used to exclude bacteria from microalgal cultures and for investigating prey-predator relationships. Recently there has been considerable interest in using specific inhibitors for studying the interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton, by selective repression of either organism’s activity. The effectiveness of chemical inhibitors must be tested before applying them to natural communities to partition metabolic activities between functional groups. Six different antibiotics selected from the most commonly reported in the literature were tested, at concentrations varying from 12.5 to 100 mg L −1 , for their effect on bacterial growth and functional diversity of natural communities from Mediterranean coastal waters. Penicillin and streptomycin each at a final concentration of 100 mg L −1 significantly reduced bacterial growth within 2 h. There was a greater impact on bacterial functional diversity when both antibiotics were mixed together. This mixture did not have any significant effect on the growth of selected cultured phytoplankton strains, whereas the eukaryote inhibitor cycloheximide at 100 mg L −1 reduced growth within 2 h of incubation. The penicillin–streptomycin mixture and cycloheximide alone successfully partitioned NH 4 + and NO 3 − uptake between bacteria and phytoplankton bi-weekly sampled in a coastal lagoon in Autumn, where bacterial contribution to total NH 4 + and NO 3 − uptake averaged 46 and 41%, respectively. The use of specific inhibitors may be a valuable method for studying interactions, such as competition and mutualism, or lack of interaction between the different components of microbial communities and could be used to study their relative importance in biogeochemical fluxes.

Published
2011
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14. Eutrophication and some European waters of restricted exchange

Author

Carina P. Erlandsson, Ulf Larsson, Harald Svendsen, Christian Grenz, Susanne Kratzer, Eric Fouilland, Alice Newton, Serge Scory, João G. Ferreira, Paul Tett, Teresa F. Fernandes, Jae-Young Lee, Linda Gilpin, Carol Janzen, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Biogéochimique (LOPB), and Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, geography, Biomass (ecology), geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Fjord, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Fishery, Firth, 13. Climate action, Phytoplankton, Environmental science, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Eutrophication, Hydrography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level
Abstract

Regions of Restricted Exchange (RREs) are an important feature of the European coastline. They are historically preferred sites for human settlement and aquaculture and their ecosystems, and consequent human use, may be at risk from eutrophication. The OAERRE project (EVK3-CT1999-0002) concerns 'Oceanographic Applications to Eutrophication in Regions of Restricted Exchange'. It began in July 2000, and studies six sites. Four of these sites are fjords: Kongsfjorden (west coast of Spitzbergen); Gullmaren (Skagerrak coast of Sweden); Himmerfjarden (Baltic coast of Sweden); and the Firth of Clyde (west coast of Scotland). Two are bays sheltered by sand bars: Golfe de Fos (French Mediterranean); and Ria Formosa (Portuguese Algarve). Together they exemplify a range of hydrographic and enrichment conditions. The project aims to understand the physical, biogeochemical and biological processes, and their interactions, that determine the trophic status of these coastal marine RRE through the development of simple screening models to define, predict and assess eutrophication. This paper introduces the sites and describes the component parts of a basic screening model and its application to each site using historical data. The model forms the starting point for the OAERRE project and views an RRE as a well-mixed box, exchanging with the sea at a daily rate E determined by physical processes, and converting nutrient to phytoplankton chlorophyll at a fixed yield q. It thus uses nutrient levels to estimate maximum biomass; these preliminary results are discussed in relation to objective criteria used to assess trophic status. The influence of factors such as grazing and vertical mixing on key parameters in the screening model are further studied using simulations of a complex 'research' model for the Firth of Clyde. The future development of screening models in general and within OAERRE in particular is discussed. In addition, the paper looks ahead with a broad discussion of progress in the scientific understanding of eutrophication and the legal and socioeconomic issues that need to be taken into account in managing the trophic status of RREs.

Published
2003
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15. Heterotrophic Bacteria Show Weak Competition for Nitrogen in Mediterranean Coastal Waters (Thau Lagoon) in Autumn

Author

Francesca Vidussi, Christophe Leboulanger, Eric Fouilland, Romain Pete, Marc Bouvy, Aurore Trottet, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DHI Water & Environment Pte. Ltd., and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Nitrogen, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, Nature Conservation, Biology, Microbiology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbial ecology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geoecology/Natural Processes, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Mediterranean sea, Nutrient, Nitrate, Botany, Phytoplankton, Ammonium, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Biomass, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, Bacteria, Inhibitors, Mediterranean Region, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, food and beverages, Water Quality/Water Pollution, Size fractionation, 6. Clean water, chemistry, Dissolved inorganic nitrogen, Chlorophyll, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Nitrogen uptake
Abstract

The importance of heterotrophic bacteria relative to phytoplankton in the uptake of ammonium and nitrate was studied in Mediterranean coastal waters (Thau Lagoon) during autumn, when the Mediterranean Sea received the greatest allochthonous nutrient loads. Specific inhibitors and size-fractionation methods were used in combination with isotopic 15N tracers. NO3 − and NH4 + uptake was dominated by phytoplankton (60 % on average) during the study period, which included a flood event. Despite lower biomass specific NH4 + and NO3 uptake rates, free-living heterotrophic bacteria contributed significantly (>30 %) to total microbial NH4 + and NO3 − uptake rates in low chlorophyll waters. Under these conditions, heterotrophic bacteria may be responsible for more than 50 % of primary production, using very little freshly produced phytoplankton exudates. In low chlorophyll coastal waters as reported during the present 3-month study, the heterotrophic bacteria seemed to depend to a greater extent on allochthonous N and C substrates than on autochthonous substrates derived from phytoplankton.

Published
2015
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16. Bacterial carbon dependence on freshly produced phytoplankton exudates under different nutrient availability and grazing pressure conditions in coastal marine waters

Author

Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Delphine Bonnet, Thierry Bouvier, Francesca Vidussi, Behzad Mostajir, Imma Tolosa, Marc Bouvy, Corinne Bouvier, Eric Fouilland, Emilie Le Floc'h, Patrice Got, Cécile Roques, Richard Sempéré, Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environment Laboratories (IAEA), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Centre d'Ecologie marine expérimentale (MEDIMEER), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Food Chain, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, coastal waters, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Algal bloom, Grazing pressure, Nutrient, Grazing, Phytoplankton, Botany, Mediterranean Sea, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Biomass, bacteria, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Carbon Isotopes, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Heterotrophic Processes, interactions, Lipids, Carbon, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Microbial population biology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, phytoplankton, carbon coupling, France, Seasons
Abstract

International audience; The effects of grazing pressure and inorganic nutrient availability on the direct carbon transfer from freshly produced phytoplankton exudates to heterotrophic bacteria biomass production were studied in Mediterranean coastal waters. The short-term incorporation of 13C (H13CO3) in phytoplankton and bacterial lipid biomarkers was measured as well as the total bacterial carbon production (BP), viral lysis and the microbial community structure under three experimental conditions: (1) High inorganic Nutrient and High Grazing (HN + HG), (2) High inorganic Nutrient and Low Grazing (HN + LG) and (3) under natural in situ conditions with Low inorganic Nutrient and High Grazing (LN + HG) during spring. Under phytoplankton bloom conditions (HN + LG), the bacterial use of freshly produced phytoplankton exudates as a source of carbon, estimated from 13C enrichment of bacterial lipids, contributed more than half of the total bacterial production. However, under conditions of high grazing pressure on phytoplankton with or without the addition of inorganic nutrients (HN + HG and LN + HG), the 13C enrichment of bacterial lipids was low compared with the high total bacterial production. BP therefore seems to depend mainly on freshly produced phytoplankton exudates during the early phase of phytoplankton bloom period. However, BP seems mainly relying on recycled carbon from viral lysis and predators under high grazing pressure.

Published
2014
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17. Microbial carbon and nitrogen production under experimental conditions combining warming with increased ultraviolet-B radiation in Mediterranean coastal waters

Author

Eric Fouilland, J. Nouguier, Jean-Pascal Torréton, Richard Sempéré, Behzad Mostajir, Bruno Charrière, E. Le Floc'h, Patrice Got, Francesca Vidussi, Marc Bouvy, Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Aquatic Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Mesocosm, 03 medical and health sciences, Nutrient, Dissolved organic carbon, Phytoplankton, Climate change, 14. Life underwater, Autotroph, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Nitrogen and carbon uptake, Microbial food web, Thau lagoon, Ecology, Mesocosm experiment, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Plankton, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Climate change Mesocosm experiment Microbial food web Nitrogen and carbon uptake Thau lagoon
Abstract

International audience; Few studies on the consequences of future global warming and increased ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR, 280-320nm) have been carried out at the food web scale and very few have considered the effect of the combination of these two climatic stressors. The single and combined effect of 3°C warming and 20% increased UVBR on planktonic carbon and nitrogen dynamics was investigated during a 10-day mesocosm experiment in coastal Mediterranean waters. Planktonic organisms from Thau Lagoon were sampled and incubated into eight in situ moored 2000L mesocosms and exposed to 4 different temperature and light conditions in duplicates; 1) natural light and temperature conditions; 2) +3°C above in situ water temperature; 3) +20% above incident UVBR, and 4) simultaneous +3°C and +20% above natural conditions. Compared to the natural in situ temperature and light conditions, increasing UVBR alone reduced bacterial carbon production and biomass by an average of 20%, with some reduction in ammonium net production. Warming alone significantly reduced bacterial carbon production by about 40% as a consequence of a trophic cascade effect on bacterial biomass. Warming also increased phytoplankton carbon production and associated nitrate uptake rates by an average of 90% and 200%, respectively. Thus, the results showed a direct positive effect of temperature increase on phytoplankton metabolism and greater nutrient availability owing to the reduction in potential bacterial competition. The combination of temperature and increased UVBR significantly increased the autotrophic production but without accumulation of freshly produced particulate organic matter. This suggests an accumulation of dissolved organic matter under these climatic conditions.

Published
2013

18. Impact of a river flash flood on microbial carbon and nitrogen production in a Mediterranean Lagoon (Thau Lagoon, France)

Author

Marc Bouvy, Behzad Mostajir, Sébastien Mas, Aurore Trottet, Marie-George Tournoud, Francesca Vidussi, Emma Rochelle-Newall, Christian Salles, Christine Roques, Eric Fouilland, E. Hatey, E. Le Floc'h, Chrystelle Bancon-Montigny, David Pecqueur, J. Nouguier, Claire Rodier, Jean-Louis Gonzalez, Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Ecologie marine expérimentale (MEDIMEER), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Observatoire de REcherche Méditerranéen de l'Environnement (OSU OREME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), UR 103 Camélia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctionnalisation de Céramiques (UMR 3080), Saint Gobain, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, metal contaminants, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, phytoplankton and bacteria production, Dissolved organic carbon, Phytoplankton, Trace metal, 14. Life underwater, Turbidity, Mediterranean coastal waters, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Brackish water, DIN uptake rates, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Phosphorus, Sedimentation, Nitrogen, 6. Clean water, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, river discharge
Abstract

Over half of the total nitrogen, phosphorus, silicate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loading was discharged from the Wile River into the Thau Lagoon waters within the first five days of what was considered to be the autumn flash flood period. Such loads represented about 8% and 3% of the yearly averaged total nitrogen and phosphorus load in Thau Lagoon, respectively. Although this event affected >20% of the total lagoon volume, river trace metal loads contributed apparently only weakly to the increase in labile trace metal concentrations in the lagoon surface waters. Differences between theoretical dilution values and observed values were also noticed for phosphate, silicate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. DOC losses (10-50%) mainly through flocculation, together with the substantial increases in some metallic contaminants such as Zn (from 6 to >30 mu g L-1) observed during the flash flood in saline lagoon waters, may have limited the carbon production of bacterial communities. The potential osmotic shock and the increase in turbidity may mainly explain the low phytoplankton C turnover rates (average of 0.02 h(-1)) measured in brackish waters (

Published
2012
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19. Dynamics of microbial planktonic food web components during a river flash flood in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon

Author

Marie-George Tournoud, David Pecqueur, Eric Fouilland, Christian Salles, Sébastien Mas, Emilie Le Floc'h, Francesca Vidussi, Cécile Roques, Behzad Mostajir, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Ecologie marine expérimentale (MEDIMEER), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biomass (ecology), Microbial food web, Flood myth, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic Science, Plankton, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Food web, Mediterranean sea, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Nanophytoplankton, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Episodic river flash floods, characteristic of Mediterranean climates, are suspected to greatly affect the functioning of microbial food webs. For the first time, the abundance, biomass and diversities of microbial food web components were studied before and during 4 consecutive days after a flash flood that occurred in November 2008, in the surface waters of five stations along a salinity gradient from 20 to 36 in the Thau lagoon. Eukaryotic pico- and nanophytoplankton were discharged from the river into the lagoon and increased by 30- and 70-fold, respectively. Bacteria increased by only 2-fold in the lagoon, from around 4–8 × 106 cells ml−1, probably benefiting from river nutrient input. Chlorophyll a increased 4-fold, and pigment biomarkers showed that the dinophyceae, prasinophyceae and prymnesiophyceae were sensitive to the flood perturbation, whereas the bacillariophyceae, cryptophyceae and chlorophyceae were resistant and/or transported to the lagoon from the river. Predator responses were more complex as total heterotrophic flagellate abundance decreased slightly, whereas those of specific naked ciliates increased, particularly for Uronema sp. The flood also induced a specific change in diversity, from a community dominated by Strobilidium spiralis to a community dominated by Uronema sp. The tintinnid community was particularly sensitive to the flood event as the abundance of all species decreased greatly. The high increases in biomass, mainly brought by the river during the flood, could have eventually sedimented to the benthic layer and/or been transported further into the lagoon, supporting the pelagic food web, or have even been exported to the Mediterranean Sea.

Published
2011
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20. Size-fractionated phytoplankton carboxylase activities in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean

Author

Claude Courties, Chantal Descolas-Gros, and Eric Fouilland

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biomass (ecology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, RuBisCO, Carbon fixation, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Phytoplankton, biology.protein, Photic zone, 14. Life underwater, Autotroph, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Mixotroph, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

During the ANTARES 3 cruise in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean in October-November 1995, the surface waters of Kerguelen Islands plume, and the surface and deeper waters (30-60 m) along a transect on 62 degrees E from 48 degrees 36'8 to the ice edge (58 degrees 50'S), were sampled. The phytoplankton community was size-fractionated (2 mu m) and cell numbers, chlorophyll biomass and carbon assimilation, through Rubisco and beta-carboxylase activities, were characterized. The highest contribution of 2 mu m. The mixotrophic capacity of these small cells is proposed. From sampling stations of the Kerguelen plume, a relationship was observed between the Rubisco activity per picophytoplankton cell and apparent cell size, which varied with the sampled water masses. Moreover, a depth-dependent photoperiodicity of Rubisco activity per cell for

Published
2000

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