1. Wealth Gradients in Early Childhood Cognitive Development in Five Latin American Countries
- Author
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María Caridad Araujo, Norbert Schady, Raquel Bernal, Renos Vakis, Karen Macours, Daniela Marshall, Florencia López Bóo, Rodrigo Azuero, David Bravo, Christina Paxson, Jere R. Behrman, Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Inter-American Development Bank, Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PSE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Banque Mondiale, Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme « Investissements d'avenir » portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01. This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10--LABX_93-01, and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Early childhood education ,Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,Economics and Econometrics ,Latin Americans ,Poverty, Cognitive development ,050204 development studies ,Strategy and Management ,Primary education ,Developing country ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,jel:I25 ,jel:I24 ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Development economics ,0502 economics and business ,Cognitive development ,Sociology ,Early childhood ,050207 economics ,Socioeconomic status ,Youth and Governance,Educational Sciences,Street Children,Primary Education,Population Policies ,050208 finance ,Poverty ,4. Education ,05 social sciences ,1. No poverty ,050301 education ,Cognition ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Child development ,early childhood, socioeconomic gaps, Latin-American ,jel:J13 ,jel:I38 ,Poverty, Child development, Lenguaje receptivo, Primera infancia, Estatus socioeconómico, Desarrollo cognitivo ,Life course approach ,Latin American ,Demographic economics ,Psychology ,0503 education ,Childhood Cognitive Development ,Social status - Abstract
Research from the United States shows that gaps in early cognitive and noncognitive abilities appear early in the life cycle. Little is known about this important question for developing countries. This paper provides new evidence of sharp differences in cognitive development by socioeconomic status in early childhood for five Latin American countries. To help with comparability, the paper uses the same measure of receptive language ability for all five countries. It finds important differences in development in early childhood across countries, and steep socioeconomic gradients within every country. For the three countries where panel data to follow children over time exists, there are few substantive changes in scores once children enter school. These results are robust to different ways of defining socioeconomic status, to different ways of standardizing outcomes, and to selective non-response on the measure of cognitive development.
- Published
- 2015