102 results on '"Spatial mobility"'
Search Results
2. Who achieves superior rates of upward social mobility and better labor market outcomes in China: international student returnees or postgraduates who study domestically?
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Xing Gao and Keyu Zhai
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Higher education ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,050301 education ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Social mobility ,Preference ,Education ,Capital accumulation ,Spatial mobility ,Capital theory ,Demographic economics ,Sociology ,China ,business ,0503 education ,Diversity (business) - Abstract
Given the growth in student mobility and transnational higher education, there is an abundance of research on international students’ studying and living experiences in a new environment. However, their poststudy transitions and social mobility have rarely been touched. This study addresses how student returnees perform in China’s labor market and social mobility, following their accomplishment of their master degree in the UK and return to China. In theoretical considerations of the graduates’ social mobility, Bourdieu’s capital theory helps identify the capital accumulation and conversion in the social mobility process. Based on a survey to collect data, 756 questionnaires are collected, including 347 questionnaires for returnees and 409 questionnaires for home graduates. Multi-regression model and visualization are employed to analyze the collected data. This study reports that home graduates have better performance in social mobility than their peers. Additionally, employment preference and spatial mobility between international and home graduates represent large diversity.
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- 2021
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3. Settling in Motion as Consciousness: Nyasa (Malawian) Informal Transit Across Southern Rhodesia towards South Africa from the 1910s to the 1950s
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Anusa Daimon
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Cultural Studies ,History ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Colonialism ,050701 cultural studies ,Motion (physics) ,Geography ,Settling ,Economy ,Anthropology ,Spatial mobility ,Political Science and International Relations ,Transit (astronomy) ,Consciousness ,media_common - Abstract
For some labourers who joined the colonial labour migration system, Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) was not or did not become their final destination. Instead, they regarded the colony as a transit zo...
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- 2021
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4. The Role of Social Capital in Labour-Related Migrations: the Polish Example
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Justyna Łukaszewska-Bezulska
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Cultural Studies ,Resource (biology) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,0507 social and economic geography ,0506 political science ,Anthropology ,Political science ,Spatial mobility ,050602 political science & public administration ,Quality (business) ,Economic geography ,050703 geography ,Demography ,Social capital ,Meaning (linguistics) ,media_common - Abstract
This article addresses the relationships between international labour-related migrations and social capital in two ethnically heterogeneous local communities, outstanding by their inhabitants’ high degree of spatial mobility. On the basis of the observations performed and in-depth interviews with migrants and experts, social networks built by the inhabitants were analysed, with particular attention paid to migration networks, and the meaning and role of social capital in the inhabitants of cultural borderlands’ migrations, especially in the areas of migrants’ lives such as job seeking, living together and dealing with difficulties, were discussed. It has been demonstrated that the international labour-related migrations influence the quality and type of social capital present in the ethnically heterogeneous local communities at cultural borderlands, although the direction and force of this impact are not equivocal and depend most of all on the strength and quality of primary ties in the migrants’ community of origin, i.e. if the community was rich in the social capital resources, migrations may contribute to its growth, while for communities deficient in this resource, migrations may cause its continued diminishing.
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- 2020
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5. Looking for a better future: modeling migrant mobility
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Matej Novak, Alfredo J. Morales, Alex Pentland, and Isabella Loaiza Saa
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Economic integration ,Refugees ,Multidisciplinary ,Human mobility ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Refugee ,lcsh:T57-57.97 ,05 social sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Migrants ,Computational Mathematics ,Politics ,Geography ,Order (exchange) ,Gravity model of trade ,Spatial mobility ,0502 economics and business ,lcsh:Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods ,Economic geography ,050207 economics ,Effective response ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Massive migrations have become increasingly prevalent over the last decades. A recent example is the Venezuelan migration crisis across South America, which particularly affects neighboring countries like Colombia. Creating an effective response to the crisis is a challenge for governments and international agencies, given the lack of information about migrants’ location, flows and behaviors within and across host countries. For this purpose it is crucial to map and understand geographic patterns of migration, including spatial mobility and dynamics over time. The aim of this paper is to uncover mobility and economic patterns of migrants that left Venezuela and migrated into Colombia due to the effects of the ongoing social, political and economic crisis. We analyze and compare the behavior of two types of migrants: Venezuelan refugees and Colombian nationals who used to live in Venezuela and return to their home country. We adapt the gravity model for human mobility in order to explain migrants’ dispersion across Colombia, and analyze patterns of economic integration. This study is a first attempt at analyzing and comparing two kinds of migrant populations in one destination country, providing unique insight into the processes of mobility and integration after migration.
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- 2020
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6. Job mobility and job performance: beliefs about social and occupational (dis)advantages as mediators
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Stefan Röttger, Andrea Heiss, Jens T. Kowalski, Johanna Abendroth, and Thomas Jacobsen
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Mediation (statistics) ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,Cost–benefit analysis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Direct effects ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,Job Satisfaction ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Job performance ,Perception ,Spatial mobility ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Relocation ,Psychology ,Safety Research ,Social psychology ,Work Performance ,050107 human factors ,media_common - Abstract
Background. Modern working conditions require an increased amount of spatial mobility from employed personnel. Research suggests that different types of job mobility might exert negative effects on well-being and health, and additionally have different costs and benefits for the work and the social domains. Methods. Using data from 3191 members of the German Armed Forces, we investigated the effects of four different types of job mobility (long-distance commuters, overnighters, residential mobiles and multi-mobiles) in contrast to non-mobiles on employees' subjective job performance as an occupationally relevant outcome. Moreover, we expected beliefs about social and occupational advantages and disadvantages to mediate the effects of job mobility on subjective job performance. Results. A single concrete event during relocation had fewer negative consequences compared to the effects of circular mobility or multi-mobility. Moreover, beliefs about occupational and social advantages and disadvantages were differently associated with the different types of job mobility and partially mediated the direct effects of job mobility on job performance. Conclusions. Not all types of job mobility are an impairment and extra-organizational stress. Rather, the evaluation and perception of occupational and social (dis)advantages is crucial for the effects of different types of job mobility on organizational relevant outcomes.
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- 2020
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7. Technological change and sociocultural models in China: A case study of train commuters in Beijing
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Andrew Thatcher, Christoph Haenggi, Manfred Max Bergman, Zinette Bergman, and Zhao Lei
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Sociology and Political Science ,Technological change ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,Beijing ,Political science ,Spatial mobility ,Agency (sociology) ,Economic geography ,China ,Sociocultural evolution ,050703 geography ,Demography - Abstract
China’s mobility turn has created the world’s largest public rail system, contributing extensively to citizens’ economic, social, and spatial mobility. Concurrently, this technological transformati...
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- 2020
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8. The mobility pathways of migrant domestic workers
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Rhacel Salazar Parreñas
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05 social sciences ,0507 social and economic geography ,Social mobility ,0506 political science ,Course of action ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Spatial mobility ,050602 political science & public administration ,Migrant domestic workers ,Demographic economics ,Sociology ,Meaning (existential) ,050703 geography ,Demography - Abstract
This article identifies and examines the mobility pathways of migrant domestic workers, meaning the course of action they undertake to secure continuous employment. Mobility pathways refer not only...
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- 2020
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9. Changes in urban transport behaviours and spatial mobility resulting from the introduction of statutory Sunday retail restrictions: A case study of Lodz, Poland
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Szymon Wiśniewski, Marta Borowska-Stefańska, and Michał Kowalski
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Geography (General) ,intelligent transportation systems ,lodz ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,spatial mobility ,02 engineering and technology ,transport behaviour ,retail restrictions ,Geography ,Statutory law ,Spatial mobility ,poland ,Regional science ,G1-922 ,Business management ,050703 geography - Abstract
The impact of statutory Sunday retail restrictions on the transport behaviours of people living in the Polish post-socialist city of Lodz is investigated in this article. One carrier of information on journeys undertaken in the city is data from induction loops – a part of the city’s Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The second source of data is a two-stage questionnaire survey (concerning trading and non-trading Sundays) of the city’s inhabitants, aimed at defining any changes in their transport behaviours with reference to the introduction of retail restrictions. The research was conducted to assess the way in which the new statutory restrictions affect transport behaviour discharged after the political transformation. The results of the research conducted on the transport behaviours of Lodz residents indicate that the majority of their transport behaviours clearly depend on whether a given Sunday is a trading or non-trading day. The traffic load of the urban road network (perceived as the manifestation of residents’ spatial mobility) is characterised by a distinct changeability due to the legislative restrictions related to Sunday trading. There is both a time (daily and hourly) differentiation of traffic flows and a spatial changeability of the load in the urban space, when a comparative analysis is conducted of the results of observations made in the weeks preceding trading and non-trading Sundays. The study also demonstrates that the time previously devoted to Sunday shopping is currently spent not only at home, but also allocated to new (and until now unperformed) activities that often require travelling.
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- 2020
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10. Ferry Crossing, Travelling and Change in the Northern Sudan
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Maciej Kurcz
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ferry transport ,060101 anthropology ,ethnographic research ,Cultural anthropology ,Anthropology ,05 social sciences ,0507 social and economic geography ,Social anthropology ,06 humanities and the arts ,spatial mobility ,050701 cultural studies ,northern sudan ,Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,GN301-674 ,0601 history and archaeology ,Sociology - Abstract
In the past few years, the transport infrastructure of Sudan has radically changed. New roads, transport hubs, or means of transport have had a significant impact on the culture of travelling, and many of the older institutions connected with the phenomenon are things of the past now. One of those dying out phenomena is ferry crossing on the Nile. It was not long ago that a ferry was the basic means of transport throughout the riverine area of Sudan. It was the way of transporting people and goods, both along the river and across it. Today, because of the new era of modern motorways and bridges, its time is coming to an end. What can we learn about the Sudanese travel practices from the perspective of the Nile ferry? This is a fundamental question I will provide an answer to. In the paper I refer to the field observations made in the Northern Sudan in the village of ad Ghaddar in 2013.
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- 2019
11. Spatial Mobility of Students in a Large City
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Anna Anikieva, Sofya Abramova, and Natalya Antonova
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Geography ,Spatial mobility ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,050301 education ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Economic geography ,Large city ,0503 education - Abstract
The proposed material is devoted to the sociological analysis of spatial mobility of students of a large industrial city. The article attempts to determine the theoretical and methodological boundaries of spatial mobility and fit it into the modern sociological discourse. Spatial mobility as an individually designed and socially determined phenomenon is associated with the process of constructing identity. Spatial identity is a dynamic nonlinear process, because, firstly, an individual simultaneously acts as a representative of different in composition, number and properties social groups and communities (including virtual); secondly, in the context of globalization and the expansion of cosmopolitan ideology, the coordinates and boundaries of space as the fundamental basis of the individual's self-consciousness are blurred. The authors of the article focus on the study of factors and conditions that determine the readiness for mobility, the choice of the vector of spatial movement, as well as the evaluation of the attractiveness of the city as a place of residence and the implementation of students needs. The researchers characterize the dialectical and multifaceted choice of the desired and ideal place for young people to live, which becomes the basis for the participation of cities in the global competition for human resources. The lack of competitive advantages (opportunities for professional and personal self-realization, favorable environment, high income level of citizens, quality of life, developed leisure infrastructure) becomes a factor in the outflow of young people to more attractive areas. The authors use the materials of a sociological study (2019), the object of which were the students of Ekaterinburg. Based on a standardized survey of students attended by 250 people (101 boys and 149 girls), as well as 8 in-depth interviews with 4 girls and 4 boys, the paper argues that the factors of attractiveness of the city are conditions conducive to upward vertical mobility. The most attractive factors for choosing the vector of spatial mobility are economic (including professional), environmental and social and cultural stability, which creates conditions for the successful implementation of life plans, manifestations of initiative and innovative activity. Choosing a city for the realization of their interests, students are guided by the ability of the territory to provide opportunities for informal interaction and freedom in the choice of everyday practices. These indicators form the basis for the formation of spatial identity through the symbolization of places, urban events and the experience of "collision" with the city.
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- 2019
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12. An Analysis of Mobility Patterns in Sexual Homicide
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Julien Chopin, Stefano Caneppele, and Eric Beauregard
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Injury control ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,Poison control ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Criminology ,16. Peace & justice ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Homicide ,Spatial mobility ,Injury prevention ,Crime scene ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology (miscellaneous) ,0509 other social sciences ,Psychology ,Law ,National data ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
This article—based on a national data set ( N = 173)—focuses on extrafamilial sexual homicides and their spatial mobility. The study combines the location of the crime scene and the offenders and victims’ residences in mobility crime triangles. The findings reveal that most of the homicides fall within the categories of offender mobility and total mobility. Our results show the validity of the distance decay function, with over 70% of homicides occurring within 10 km of the offender’s residence. It appears that under certain circumstances, sexual murderers perceive their surroundings as a safe place to commit a homicide. Finally, the study proposes a four-category spatial typology of sexual homicide.
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- 2019
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13. The nexus between inventors’ mobility and regional growth across European regions
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Roberta Capello and Camilla Lenzi
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Economics and Econometrics ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,Complement (complexity) ,Urban economics ,Spatial mobility ,Economics ,Economic geography ,050703 geography ,Nexus (standard) - Abstract
The role of the spatial mobility of skilled individuals and knowledge workers on the innovative capacity of the recipient region has largely been highlighted, measured and proved in the literature, by positing a direct link from mobility to innovation. This paper enters this literature by explicitly examining and verifying whether innovation generated by inventors’ mobility is enough to enhance growth and whether such link depends on the innovative context. In fact, areas in which inventors can more easily enter, integrate and complement existing consolidated knowledge bases can be more easily affected by incoming inventors.
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- 2019
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14. Mobilities and commons unseen: spatial mobility in homeless people explored through the analysis of GPS tracking data
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Hana Daňková, Petr Gibas, Markéta Poláková, Petr Vašát, and Martin Šimon
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Mobilities ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Internet privacy ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Spatial mobility ,Human geography ,Global Positioning System ,Tracking data ,Sociology ,Tracking (education) ,business ,Commons ,050703 geography ,Welfare ,media_common - Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the spatial mobility of homeless people in urban areas, exploring homeless mobility, its drivers, limits and links to personal attributes, and whether there is an association between the extent of spatial activity and an individual’s housing situation. To our knowledge, there has been no prior exhaustive attempt to explore the spatial mobility of homeless people using Global Positioning System (GPS) location devices. The theoretical background of the research was based on time-geography approaches. The research used a mixed method approach involving participatory GPS mapping. Spatial mobility was measured by GPS location devices. GPS tracking made it possible to capture the precise location of a person in time and space, and subsequently to identify the daily and weekly mobility rhythms of such people. The GPS data were further contextualised by conducting interviews with homeless people and asking about their daily mobility. The groundwork for the interviews resulted in printed maps of the participants’ daily spatial mobility (n = 598). The combination of time-location data and ethnographic methods presented several technical and organisational difficulties, but the pilot study provided valuable knowledge about the everyday-life mobility of homeless people in cities. A novel understanding of the links between homeless mobilities, urban commons and the life conditions of homeless people can inform current welfare policies relating to the poor.
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- 2019
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15. Mobilités spatiales et organisation : proposition d’un agenda de recherche
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Denis Chabault, Bertrand Sergot, and Elodie Loubaresse
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mobilité spatiale ,Social Sciences and Humanities ,analyse processuelle ,organisation ,organización ,05 social sciences ,050209 industrial relations ,space ,spatial mobility ,General Medicine ,organization ,análisis interdisciplinario ,analyse transdisciplinaire ,espace ,processual analysis ,transdisciplinary analysis ,0502 economics and business ,análisis del proceso ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,espacio ,movilidad espacial ,050203 business & management - Abstract
Les sciences de gestion se sont relativement peu attachées à analyser les relations complexes entre organisation et mobilités spatiales. Cet article propose un agenda de recherche sur cette thématique en croisant les apports de travaux récents abordant, dans le champ des sciences de gestion, les mobilités spatiales sous un angle plus organisationnel et processuel, avec les avancées réalisées ces dernières années en géographie et en sociologie. Dans cette perspective, nous invitons les chercheurs en sciences de gestion à compléter les travaux existants en investiguant la manière dont les mobilités spatiales humaines peuvent influer sur l’action collective organisée., So far, little attention has been given, in the field of Management and Organization Studies (MOS), to the analysis of the complex relationships between organization and spatial mobilities. The main aim of the present article is to propose a research agenda on this topic. To this end, we combine the insights from references in MOS apprehending spatial mobilities through an organizational and processual lens with recent developments in geography and sociology. We therefore invite MOS scholars to complete existing works by examining how spatial mobilities may affect organized collective action., Las ciencias de la gestión y la administración han mostrado, en general, poco interés en analizar las relaciones complejas entre organización y movilidad espacial. Este artículo propone una agenda para la investigación en torno a este tema, a través del análisis comparativo entre publicaciones recientes que abordan, en el campo de las ciencias de la gestión, las movilidades espaciales desde un ángulo más organizativo y de proceso, conjugado a los avances realizados durante estos últimos años en geografía y en sociología. Desde esta perspectiva, queremos invitar a los investigadores en ciencias de la gestión a completar los trabajos existentes a partir de la investigación sobre cómo las movilidades espaciales humanas pueden influir en la acción colectiva organizada.
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- 2019
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16. Location-specific knowledge in spatial job search and its outcomes
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Gintare Morkute
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EARNINGS ,INFORMATION ,MIGRATION ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Wage ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Specific knowledge ,localized learning ,Spatial mobility ,commuting ,0502 economics and business ,Search cost ,Economics ,050207 economics ,media_common ,Earnings ,05 social sciences ,021107 urban & regional planning ,spatial mobility ,wage growth ,PERFORMANCE ,RETURNS ,job search ,MOBILITY ,Demographic economics ,Wage growth - Abstract
This paper investigates how working location influences jobseekers' subsequent spatial job search. Further, it is assessed to what extent mobility between working regions is associated with wage growth. The results show that the working region functions as a prominent geographical anchor around which the new job search is focused. The jobseekers that do find a job far away from their old working region receive a small wage premium, but this premium disappears if selectivity is taken into account. It is concluded that employees demonstrate substantial stickiness to their working locations, and that this is motivated by asymmetry in search costs. No evidence was found that mobility between working regions in itself affects wages.
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- 2019
17. From functional bonds to place identity: Place attachment of Polish migrants living in London and Oslo
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Agnieszka Trąbka
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Social Psychology ,Bond ,05 social sciences ,Oslo ,Place identity ,050109 social psychology ,Context (language use) ,Gender studies ,Place attachment ,migration ,050105 experimental psychology ,Migration studies ,place identity ,Scholarship ,place attachment ,Spatial mobility ,London ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Residence ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
The relationship between spatial mobility and place attachment has always been an important part of the psychology of place. However, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the context of international migration. Thus, this paper brings together the existing scholarship on place attachment and migration studies in order to discuss the development of place attachment among settled migrants, focusing on the example of Poles living in London and Oslo. Drawing on 60 semi-structured in-depth interviews, it is argued that people's bonding with a new place of residence could be described more adequately as a dynamic process rather than through static typologies. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that different aspects of place attachment, namely place dependence, place discovered, place identity, and place inherited, often coexist and may emerge gradually in the process of adaptation to a new urban setting.
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- 2019
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18. Spatial mobility in elite academic institutions in economics: the case of Spain
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Raquel Carrasco, Javier Ruiz-Castillo, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and Comunidad de Madrid
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lcsh:K4430-4675 ,lcsh:HD72-88 ,Economía ,lcsh:Economic growth, development, planning ,Spatial mobility ,0502 economics and business ,Development economics ,Economics ,Circulation (currency) ,050207 economics ,Economics institutions ,lcsh:Public finance ,Productivity ,Brain gain ,050205 econometrics ,Governance ,business.industry ,Corporate governance ,05 social sciences ,Brain drain ,Brain circulation ,Publishing ,Elite ,J61 ,business ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Public finance - Abstract
Using a dataset of 3540 economists working in 2007 in 125 of the best academic centers in 22 countries, this paper presents some evidence on spatial mobility patterns in Spain and other countries conditional on some personal, department, and country characteristics. There are productivity and other reasons for designing a scientific policy with the aims of attracting foreign talent (brain gain), minimizing the elite brain drain, and recovering nationals who have earned a Ph.D. or have spent some time abroad (brain circulation). Our main result is that Spain has more brain gain, more brain circulation and less brain drain than comparable large, continental European countries, i.e., Germany, France, and Italy, where economists have similar opportunities for publishing their research in English or in their own languages. We suggest that these results can be mostly explained by the governance changes introduced in a number of Spanish institutions in 1975-1990 by a sizable contingent of Spanish economists coming back home after attending graduate school abroad. These initiatives were also favored by the availability of resources to finance certain research-related activities, including international Ph.D. programs. Carrasco and Ruiz-Castillo acknowledge financial support from the Spanish MEC (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) through Grants No. ECO2015-65204-P and ECO2014-55953-P, respectively, as well as Grants MDM 2014-0431 from the MEC, and MadEco-CM (S2015/HUM-3444) from the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid to their economics department
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- 2019
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19. Unravelling the Meaning of Place and Spatial Mobility: Analysing the Everyday Life-worlds of Refugees in Host Societies by Means of Mobility Mapping
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Stefan Kordel, Julia Kieslinger, and Tobias Weidinger
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Refugee ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0507 social and economic geography ,0506 political science ,Epistemology ,Spatial mobility ,Political Science and International Relations ,050602 political science & public administration ,Sociology ,Meaning (existential) ,Everyday life ,050703 geography ,Host (network) - Abstract
This article develops mobility mapping as a valuable space-related instrument to tackle the lack of attention to the meanings of places and everyday spatial mobility in the process of refugee settlement. Referring to two consecutive case studies carried out with asylum seekers and recognized refugees in rural Germany, we discuss the surplus of this tool considering both peculiarities in implementation and the opportunities of analysis of respondent-generated maps. Experiences from this trial research point out ways of implementing a tool that focuses on the graphic and visual dimension of knowledge creation. Relying on principles of participatory research, this tool can help to diminish power asymmetries between the researcher and the participant and acknowledge individuals’ competencies in terms of language. Depending on the aim of the study, the empirical data generated can be analysed both as a product and as a process. Results indicate added value by revealing the importance of spatial dimensions in asylum seekers’ and refugees’ life-worlds, encompassing the construction of individually important places as well as spatial mobility and accessibility. For practitioners, the implementation of the tool provides an opportunity to enhance participant-oriented planning and capacity building, such as in terms of networks and infrastructures, that addresses both individuals’ needs and spatial structures.
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- 2019
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20. Social Isolation During COVID-19 Pandemic. Perceived Stress and Containment Measures Compliance Among Polish and Italian Residents
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Iwona Sagan, Aleksandra Macul, Liliana Lorettu, Roberta Meloni, Jakub Grabowski, Maja Grabkowska, Jakub Jan Rojek, Tomasz Michalski, Joanna Stępień, Przemyslaw M. Waszak, and Leszek Bidzan
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Perceived Stress Scale ,physical activity ,050105 experimental psychology ,Compliance (psychology) ,social behavior ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cronbach's alpha ,Pandemic ,Stress (linguistics) ,medicine ,Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Social isolation ,physical distancing ,guideline adherence ,General Psychology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,05 social sciences ,quarantine ,spatial mobility ,Brief Research Report ,Causality ,mental disorders ,BF1-990 ,Sample size determination ,medicine.symptom ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography - Abstract
BackgroundIn this study, we analyze the association of social isolation in the first phase of the pandemic with perceived stress among residents of Poland and Italy with a look at how these populations adjust to and comply with implemented regulations, guidelines, and restrictions.Materials and MethodsInternet survey with Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and questions regarding mobility patterns, attitude, and propensity to adjust toward the implemented measures and current health condition was made among Polish and Italian residents (Cronbach’s alpha 0.86 and 0.79, respectively). The sample size was 7,108 (6,169 completed questionnaires in Poland and 939 in Italy).ResultsThe Polish group had a higher stress level than the Italian group (mean PSS-10 total score 22,14 vs 17,01, respectively;p< 0.01). There was a greater prevalence of chronic diseases among Polish respondents. Italian subjects expressed more concern about their health, as well as about their future employment. Italian subjects did not comply with suggested restrictions as much as Polish subjects and were less eager to restrain from their usual activities (social, physical, and religious), which were more often perceived as “most needed matters” in Italian than in Polish residents.ConclusionHigher activity level was found to be correlated with lower perceived stress, but the causality is unclear. Difference in adherence to restrictions between Polish and Italian residents suggests that introducing similar lockdown policies worldwide may not be as beneficial as expected. However, due to the applied method of convenience sampling and uneven study groups, one should be careful with generalizing these results.
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- 2021
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21. Spatial and Social Behavior of Single and Coupled Individuals of Both Sexes during COVID-19 Lockdown Regime in Russia
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Marina Butovskaya, Julia Apalkova, and Olga Semenova
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Male ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,disease avoidance ,050109 social psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Article ,Russia ,lockdown ,sex-specific strategy ,Spatial mobility ,spatial behavior ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Social Behavior ,Pandemics ,Sociality ,Potential impact ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Social activity ,pandemic ,05 social sciences ,Significant difference ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,sociality ,Evolutionary psychology ,Communicable Disease Control ,Quarantine ,Medicine ,Female ,Psychology ,Demography - Abstract
Testing individual motivations for social activity in violation of the mandated lockdown regime is a challenging research topic for evolutionary psychology. To this purpose, we analyzed twenty popular weekly routes and the potential impact of sex and relationship status (single versus coupled) on the reported level of spatial-social activity during the quarantine in Russia between March and June 2020 (N = 492). Our study revealed a significant difference between men’s and women’s mobility: men, in general, tend to exhibit substantially higher spatial activity. The results have shown that individuals living on their own have more social interactions with friends and exhibit more profound spatial mobility via public transport. On the other hand, spatial activity of coupled individuals of both sexes were mostly devoted to solving a list of economic and matrimonial tasks. At the same time, men already cohabiting with a partner leave their homes for dating purposes more frequently than single men and women. We interpret these findings in the sense that both individual and sex-specific differences in observed sociality could be a result of a fine-tuned adaptive populational response to a contemporary virus threat, predominantly rooted in the evolution of behavioral strategies in the reproductive and economic spheres of each sex. Indeed, unlike women, coupled men have been preserving highly risky and intense social behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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- 2021
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22. Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Data-Driven Time-Geographic Analysis of Health-Induced Mobility Changes
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Peter Nijkamp, John Östh, Marina Toger, Karima Kourtit, CAROU, Department of Strategic Management, and RS-Research Program Learning and Innovation in Resilient systems (LIRS)
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Geography, Planning and Development ,Population ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,COVID-19 pandemic ,TJ807-830 ,Time geography ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Human Geography ,TD194-195 ,Renewable energy sources ,PHONE ,TWITTER ,0502 economics and business ,Human geography ,Pandemic ,time geography ,spatial mobility ,health ,standard deviation ellipse ,activity spaces ,GE1-350 ,Economic geography ,education ,050210 logistics & transportation ,education.field_of_study ,SOCIAL MEDIA ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Kulturgeografi ,05 social sciences ,021107 urban & regional planning ,URBAN MOBILITY ,FRAMEWORK ,Geographical Mobility ,Environmental sciences ,Shock (economics) ,Geography ,Mobile phone ,Opportunity structures - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the spatial mobility of a major part of the population in many countries. For most people, this was an extremely disruptive shock, resulting in loss of income, social contact and quality of life. However, forced to reduce human physical interaction, most businesses, individuals and households developed new action lines and routines, and were gradually learning to adapt to the new reality. Some of these changes might result in long-term changes in opportunity structures and in spatial preferences for working, employment or residential location choice, and for mobility behavior. In this paper we aim to extend the time-geographic approach to analyzing people’s spatial activities, by focusing on health-related geographical mobility patterns during the pandemic in Sweden. Starting from a micro-approach at individual level and then looking at an aggregate urban scale, we examine the space-time geography during the coronavirus pandemic, using Hägerstrand’s time-geography model. We utilize a massive but (location-wise) fuzzy dataset to analyze aggregate spatiotemporal impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic using a contemporary time-geographical approach. First, we address micro-level behavior in time-space to understand the mechanisms of change and to illustrate that a temporal drastic change in human mobility seems to be plausible. Then we analyze the changes in individuals’ mobility by analyzing their activity spaces in aggregate using mobile phone network data records. Clearly, it is too early for predicting long-term spatial changes, but a clear heterogeneity in spatial behavior can already be detected. It seems plausible that the corona pandemic may have long-lasting effects on employment centers, city roles and spatial mobility patterns.
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- 2021
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23. Postdivorce parent-child contact and child outcomes: The role of spatial mobility
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Poortman, Anne-Rigt, Bernardi, Laura, Mortelmans, Dimitri, Leerstoel Poortman, and Social Networks, Solidarity and Inequality
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Joint physical custody ,05 social sciences ,Child well-being ,Developmental psychology ,Spatial mobility ,050902 family studies ,Negatively associated ,Divorce ,0502 economics and business ,Child Well-Being ,050207 economics ,0509 other social sciences ,Psychology ,Association (psychology) - Abstract
Shared physical custody, or more generally, frequent contact with both parents is often assumed to benefit children, but having to move back and forth between parents’ homes may also be harmful, particularly when parents live far apart. This study examined the role of spatial mobility in the association between frequent parent-child contact and multiple child outcomes. Using the New Families in the Netherlands survey, analyses firstly showed that frequent parent-child contact, on average, was found to be not or modestly associated with better child outcomes. Second, spatial mobility mattered, but in varying ways. Long travel times were negatively associated with children’s contact with friends and their psychological well-being, but positively related to educational performance. Furthermore, frequent commutes were negatively associated with how often children saw their friends, but positively associated with child psychological well-being. Third, and most importantly, the impact of parent-child contact and frequent commutes on child outcomes were found to be dependent on traveling time. For child psychological well-being and contact with friends, frequent parent-child contact and/or frequent commutes were found to have positive effects when travel distances were short, but these positive effects disappeared when traveling times increased.
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- 2021
24. Fertility Intentions and Residential Relocations
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Johannes Huinink, Michael Feldhaus, and Sergi Vidal
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Adult ,Male ,Gerontology ,Multivariate analysis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population Dynamics ,0507 social and economic geography ,Reproductive Behavior ,Fertility ,Intention ,Bivariate analysis ,Event history analysis ,Social Environment ,Spatial mobility ,Life Change Events ,German ,Germany ,0502 economics and business ,Humans ,050207 economics ,Demography ,media_common ,Family Characteristics ,05 social sciences ,Age Factors ,Contrast (statistics) ,Pairfam ,Life course ,language.human_language ,Family life ,Socioeconomic Factors ,language ,Life course approach ,Female ,Family Relations ,Relocation ,Psychology ,050703 geography ,Fertility intentions - Abstract
This research was partially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant No.VI711/1-1) and by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (Project No. CE140100027). Altres ajuts: VI711/1-1 Altres ajuts: CE140100027 This research addresses the question of whether fertility intentions (before conception) are associated with residential relocations and the distance of the relocation. We empirically tested this using data from two birth cohorts (aged 24-28 and 34-38 in the first survey wave) of the German Family Panel (pairfam) and event history analysis. Bivariate analyses showed that coupled individuals relocated at a higher rate if they intended to have a(nother) child. We found substantial heterogeneity according to individuals' age and parental status, particularly for outside-town relocations. Childless individuals of average age at family formation-a highly mobile group-relocated at a lower rate if they intended to have a child. In contrast, older individuals who already had children-the least-mobile group-relocated at a higher rate if they intended to have another child. Multivariate analyses show that these associations are largely due to adjustments in housing and other living conditions. Our results suggest that anticipatory relocations (before conception) to adapt to growing household size are importantly nuanced by the opportunities and rationales of couples to adjust their living conditions over the life course. Our research contributes to the understanding of residential mobility as a by-product of fertility decisions and, more broadly, evidences that intentions matter and need to be considered in the analysis of family life courses.
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- 2021
25. Cities as drivers of social mobility
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Umut Türk, Alessandra Michelangeli, AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü, Michelangeli, A, and Turk, U
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Sociology and Political Science ,Higher education ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,02 engineering and technology ,Life chances ,Development ,Social class ,Human capital ,Spatial mobility ,Status attainment ,Socioeconomic status ,business.industry ,mobility Cities ,05 social sciences ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Intergenerational social mobility ,Social mobility ,Citie ,Urban Studies ,Geography ,Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management ,Demographic economics ,business ,050703 geography ,Social capital - Abstract
Intergenerational mobility refers to children moving up from the social class position held by their parents. Previous studies indicate family background as one of the major determinants of socioeconomic mobility and, in general, of individual life chances. This paper extends the standard approach to measure intergenerational social mobility by examining the role of cities where offspring grew up. The idea is that cities can provide resources and opportunities able to increase the chance of employment and status attainment. We assess intergenerational mobility in Italy, the most immobile country in Europe together with Greece and Portugal. We use a data survey provided by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), which provides information on the individual-level track of Italian students’ life path from high school to occupation. We merge these data with city-level data on economic conditions, human capital, and social capital. We distinguish between students who attended university in the same province where they presumably grew up and those who migrated to another province for higher education. This allows us to test whether migration affects the shift in occupation type and, if so, which characteristics of cities enhance upward mobility.
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- 2021
26. Live nearby, be different, work apart? Some learnings from action spaces discrepancies in Santiago de Chile
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Florent Demoraes, Marc Souris, Yasna del Carmen Contreras Gatica, Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universidad de Chile, ANR-07-SUDS-0025,METAL,Métropoles d'Amérique latine dans la mondialisation: reconfigurations territoriales, mobilité spatiale, action publique(2007), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Demoraes, Florent, Les Suds aujourd'hui - Métropoles d'Amérique latine dans la mondialisation: reconfigurations territoriales, mobilité spatiale, action publique - - METAL2007 - ANR-07-SUDS-0025 - SUDS - VALID, and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)
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Typology ,Santiago du Chile ,[SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,02 engineering and technology ,Action spaces ,Spatial mobility ,Regional science ,Movilidad espacial ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Mobilité spatiale ,Prueba de co-localización bivariada ,Espacio de acción ,05 social sciences ,Perspective (graphical) ,Espaces d'action ,Spatial epidemiology ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Test de co-localisation bivarié ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Santiago de Chile ,Bivariate co-location test ,[STAT] Statistics [stat] ,Urban structure ,[STAT]Statistics [stat] ,Geography ,Action (philosophy) ,Work (electrical) ,Life course approach ,Residence ,050703 geography - Abstract
This article examines macro-level contextual parameters and individual-based factors deemed in the literature to directly influence individuals’ daily mobility practices. It considers urban structure, place of residence, situation in the social hierarchy, and position in the life course. Taking its inspiration from approaches highlighting segregation at destination place and studies focusing on mobility biographies, it enquires whether systematic discrepancies may be detected between the places frequented for work or study on a daily basis by groups of individuals residing in the same neighborhood. It also looks at whether home location (in a central area, inner suburb, or outskirt) influences how action spaces are configured. The analysis relies on a three-phase integrated method. First, a typology of individuals is assembled so as to put together homogenous socio-demographic groups. Second, the action spaces of these groups are calculated and mapped. Third, the significance of spatial differences in action spaces is assessed using a bivariate colocation test, hitherto used primarily in spatial epidemiology. This three-phase method is applied to data collected in Santiago de Chile during a survey of 1000 households, designed to capture spatial mobility from a biographical perspective., En este artículo se examina un conjunto de parámetros contextuales y factores individuales que aparecen en la bibliografía como los que influyen directamente en las prácticas cotidianas de movilidad de los individuos. Considera la estructura urbana, el lugar de residencia, la posición de los individuos en la jerarquía social y el ciclo de vida. Basándose en enfoques que ponen de relieve la segregación en el lugar de destino y en estudios sobre la movilidad desde una perspectiva biográfica, trata de ver si se pueden detectar discrepancias sistemáticas entre los lugares frecuentados diariamente para el trabajo o el estudio por grupos de personas que viven en el mismo barrio. También trata de determinar si la ubicación de la vivienda (en una zona central, un suburbio cercano o una periferia) influye en la configuración de los espacios de acción. El análisis se basa en un método de tres fases. En primer lugar, se establece una tipología de individuos para formar grupos sociodemográficos homogéneos. Luego se calculan y cartografían los espacios de acción de estos grupos. En tercer lugar, la importancia de las diferencias espaciales entre los espacios de acción se evalúa mediante una prueba de colocación bivariada, que hasta ahora se ha utilizado principalmente en la epidemiología espacial. Este método se aplica a datos recogidos en Santiago de Chile en una encuesta de 1000 hogares, diseñada para captar la movilidad espacial desde una perspectiva biográfica., Cet article examine un ensemble de paramètres contextuels et de facteurs individuels qui apparaissent dans la littérature comme influençant directement les pratiques quotidiennes de mobilité des individus. Il considère la structure urbaine, le lieu de résidence, la position des individus dans la hiérarchie sociale et le cycle de vie. S'inspirant d'approches mettant en évidence la ségrégation sur le lieu de destination et d'études sur la mobilité appréhendée dans une perspective biographique, il cherche à voir si des divergences systématiques peuvent être détectées entre les lieux fréquentés quotidiennement pour le travail ou les études par des groupes d'individus résidant dans un même quartier. Il cherche également à savoir si la localisation du domicile (dans une zone centrale, une proche banlieue ou une périphérie) influence la configuration des espaces d'action. L'analyse repose sur une méthode en trois phases. Tout d'abord, une typologie des individus est établie de manière à constituer des groupes sociodémographiques homogènes. Ensuite, les espaces d'action de ces groupes sont calculés et cartographiés. Troisièmement, la significativité des différences spatiales entre les espaces d'action est évaluée à l'aide d'un test de colocalisation bivarié, utilisé jusqu'à présent principalement en épidémiologie spatiale. Cette méthode est appliquée à des données recueillies à Santiago du Chili lors d'une enquête auprès de 1000 ménages, conçue pour saisir la mobilité spatiale sous un angle biographique.
- Published
- 2020
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27. Transnational Social Practices: A Quantitative Perspective
- Author
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Céline Teney and Emanuel Deutschmann
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Globalization ,050402 sociology ,0504 sociology ,Spatial mobility ,Political science ,05 social sciences ,Perspective (graphical) ,050602 political science & public administration ,Transnationalism ,Economic geography ,Cosmopolitanism ,0506 political science - Published
- 2018
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28. Who Leaves the Joint Home after Separation? The Role of Partners’ Absolute and Relative Education in Belgium
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Jan Van Bavel, Lindsay Theunis, and Mieke C. W. Eeckhaut
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Educational Heterogamy ,Sociology and Political Science ,05 social sciences ,Separation (statistics) ,0507 social and economic geography ,Spatial Mobility ,Diagonal Reference Models ,Education ,Separation ,Absolute (philosophy) ,Divorce ,050902 family studies ,Political science ,Statistics ,0509 other social sciences ,050703 geography ,Joint (geology) - Abstract
After union dissolution, the question of who stays in the joint home and who moves to a new place is of great importance to the life courses of the separating adults as well as any children involved. Drawing on a unique Belgian dataset linking Census and Register data (N=56,931), this study addresses the role of heterosexual partners’ absolute and relative educational attainment by means of Diagonal Reference Models. Results for absolute education, which are based on the homogamous couples, show that the man is more likely to move when the couple has many educational resources, while the woman or both partners are more likely to move in couples with low levels of education. Results for relative education, which are based on the heterogamous couples, show that the partner with the highest education level is more likely to stay, particularly when the difference is large. In line with predictions based on women’s greater perceived vulnerability after separation, who moves and who stays is more strongly associated with the woman’s than with the man’s education. This indicates that human capital may insure women against poverty by reinforcing their position not only in the labour market but also in the housing market. ispartof: EUROPEAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW vol:34 issue:6 pages:659-674 status: published
- Published
- 2018
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29. Large‐scale mining, spatial mobility, place‐making and development in the Peruvian Andes
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David Brereton and Gerardo Castillo
- Subjects
Sustainable development ,education.field_of_study ,Geographic mobility ,060101 anthropology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,05 social sciences ,Population ,06 humanities and the arts ,Development ,Local community ,Geography ,Scale (social sciences) ,Spatial mobility ,0502 economics and business ,Agency (sociology) ,Production (economics) ,0601 history and archaeology ,Economic geography ,050207 economics ,education - Abstract
This paper focuses on population mobility dynamics in and around mining areas in the Peruvian Andes. We use a case study of Rio Tinto's La Granja exploration project in Cajamarca Region to highlight the complexity and fluidity of the population movements around that project and the significant level of agency exercised by local people, as well as how people have been impacted by corporate decisions. We argue that, far from being a relatively static system of social and production relationships, the Andes has long been a place of movement, where individuals and families have used a broad range of mobility strategies to improve their economic well-being and mitigate the impact of external shocks. In the case of La Granja, the use of such strategies has helped local people to cope with variations in the level of project activity, maintain a connection with the area (even while living outside of it), and to access project-related benefits such as jobs and compensation payments. At some points in the history of the project, corporate decisions and actions have had a clearly deleterious impact on the local community. However, in more recent times the project also revitalised La Granja as a place, at least for a time, and created new opportunities for individuals and families. In the final section of the paper, we address some broader questions about the role that spatial mobility and family networks can play in diffusing the impacts and benefits of mining projects.
- Published
- 2018
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30. Emerging Patterns of migration streams in India: A State Level Analysis of 2011 Census
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Rabiul Ansary
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Population ,STREAMS ,Census ,Percentage distribution ,0506 political science ,Geography ,State (polity) ,Spatial mobility ,0502 economics and business ,050602 political science & public administration ,050207 economics ,Socioeconomics ,education ,Rural population ,Demography ,media_common - Abstract
This article discusses changing patterns of migration in India using the data from the 2011 Census. In this study, the statistical (growth rate, percentage distribution) and cartographic methods have been used to analyse and map the changing patterns of migration across the states in India. It is found that in India, 37.5 percent of the population experienced spatial mobility in the 2011 Census which is higher than that of the 2001 Census (30.8 percent). The volume of migrants in the intercensal period (2001 to 2011) increased from 98.3 million to 161.4 million, an increase of over 64 percent. Overall, migration is more likely among the rural populations compared to the urban. However, substantial increase in the volume of urban-urban movements (14 million in 2001 to around 33 million in 2011) is the focus of the current study along with the rural-urban flows. For the first time in Indian Census history, the volume of urban-urban migration overtook the rural-urban migration volume in the last intercensal period. Creation of additional 2700 new Census Towns in the 2011 Census may be the real driving force for this staggering increase
- Published
- 2018
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31. Touring the ‘World Picture’: virtual reality and the tourist gaze
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Alfio Leotta and Miriam Ross
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Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,Communication ,05 social sciences ,Photography ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,050801 communication & media studies ,Virtual reality ,Gaze ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Visual arts ,0508 media and communications ,Spatial mobility ,0502 economics and business ,Sociology ,050212 sport, leisure & tourism ,Tourism - Abstract
The proliferation of VR travel documentaries in the new era of head-mounted-displays connects to desires for temporal and spatial mobility that have previously been realized in photography, stereos...
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- 2018
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32. The country and the city: Mobility dynamics in mining regions
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David Brereton and Gerardo Castillo
- Subjects
business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Control (management) ,Copper mining ,0507 social and economic geography ,Extended family ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Development ,01 natural sciences ,Economic benefits ,Leverage (negotiation) ,Dynamics (music) ,Agriculture ,Spatial mobility ,Economic Geology ,Economic geography ,business ,050703 geography ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Mining projects contribute to – and are impacted by – changing patterns of spatial mobility amongst local populations. This paper explores these processes through a case study of the La Granja copper mining project in the Cajamarca region of Peru. Historically, when job opportunities declined many members of extended families moved to coastal cities or more productive lowland farming areas, with some, mainly older, members remaining to secure family land and properties. Conversely, there was an influx back to La Granja when opportunities improved. These two-way migratory patterns have created a fluid and dense network connecting individuals and families across a broader region, helping them to leverage economic benefits and retain control over strategic decisions. The paper relates these findings to wider debates about the nature of migratory processes in Peru and argues for greater attention to be paid to mobility dynamics when analyzing the social impacts of mining projects.
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- 2018
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33. Career–family strategies and spatial mobility among South Korean women scholars
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Hyosun Kim and Hyejin Yoon
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media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0507 social and economic geography ,Gender studies ,0506 political science ,Negotiation ,Spatial mobility ,050602 political science & public administration ,Sociology ,050703 geography ,Demography ,Social capital ,media_common - Abstract
This paper examines the mobility of female South Korean scholars and their career–family strategies for negotiating their relationships. Despite the importance of the relations and social capital of workers, previous studies on the mobility of highly skilled professionals have overlooked their social and personal relationships. South Korean women scholars consider not only career opportunities but also familial relations in the process of migration decision-making. To negotiate their relationships, they adopt strategies to build and maintain their relations at various geographic levels. Their strategies for making networks are complex and vary according to career, personal and familial goals.
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- 2018
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34. Factors of Spatial Mobility in Russia
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T. Yu. Cherkashina
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Service (business) ,Public Administration ,Binomial regression ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Standard of living ,Urban Studies ,Geography ,Economic inequality ,Land transport ,Spatial mobility ,Economic geography ,050703 geography ,Socioeconomic status ,Tourism - Abstract
This article considers the “Comprehensive monitoring of living conditions” of the Russian population to determine the level of mobility of residents in different regions of the country. The subject matter of the study is the tourist mobility of Russians. A system of equations from the binomial logistic regression model revealed that the probability of a Russian citizen taking a travel tour is mostly influenced by personal factors, such as economic status and physical condition. The impact of transport infrastructure characteristics is absorbed by the income characteristics of individuals; i.e., regional differences in standard of living correlate with the density of the transport infrastructure. Spatial mobility for tourism purposes was found to be associated to a greater degree with land transport infrastructure rather than with air service. Differentiation of Russians with respect to the parameters of spatial mobility of travel actually reproduces economic inequality, while the density of the transport infrastructure, which differs from region to region, tends not to mitigate the impact of economic resources on spatial movement.
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- 2018
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35. Comparing Community Detection Algorithms in Transport Networks via Points of Interest
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Hepeng Gao, Liping Huang, Zhanwei Du, Yongjian Yang, and Xuehua Zhao
- Subjects
050210 logistics & transportation ,General Computer Science ,Point of interest ,Community detection ,Computer science ,business.industry ,logistic regression ,points of interest ,05 social sciences ,General Engineering ,020207 software engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,mobility flow ,Spatial mobility ,Public transport ,0502 economics and business ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,General Materials Science ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,business ,Algorithm ,lcsh:TK1-9971 - Abstract
Passengers travel in transport networks with diverse interests represented by linked points of interest (POIs) and drive urban regions to group into network communities. Previous studies focused on applying community detection methods (CDMs) to discover spatial mobility patterns or using POIs to explain the decision making of human mobility, without comparing the effectiveness of CDMs for detecting network communities. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between POIs and network communities of human mobility over diverse CDMs. Taking the taxi systems of Shanghai and Beijing as case studies, we construct transport networks with urban regions as nodes and the connections between them as links weighted by mobility flows. The spatial communities are identified based on the movement strength among regions. POIs are mapped into nodes in the network and are considered as independent variables for classifying the spatial community categories. Our study suggests that communities detected with two specific CMDs (namely, the Combo algorithm and the Walktrap algorithm) correlate to POIs, and the correlation of the Combo is the best (R2 = 0.3 for Shanghai and R2 = 0.48 for Beijing). In this regard, this paper can provide valuable insight into understanding the formation of spatial communities and assist in selecting reasonable CDMs.
- Published
- 2018
36. The Relationship between Social Networks and Spatial Mobility: A Mobile-Phone-Based Study in Estonia
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Rein Ahas, Siiri Silm, and Anniki Puura
- Subjects
050210 logistics & transportation ,Social network ,Geographic area ,business.industry ,Computer science ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Connection (mathematics) ,Urban Studies ,Mobile phone ,Spatial mobility ,0502 economics and business ,Mobile telephony ,business ,Telecommunications - Abstract
Relationships between individuals and their social networks have a significant influence on spatial mobility and transportation needs. This article focuses on networks of calling partners using mobile phones and spatial mobility in Estonia. Mobile phone call graphs and call detail record (CDR) data have been used for this study. Our investigation indicates that the larger one’s network of calling partners using mobile phones and the larger the geographic area within which the calling partners live, the more an individual moves around. The connection between the network of mobile calling partners and spatial mobility is most influenced by gender. Used in this way, mobile phone data can be seen to allow studies to be undertaken of the connection between mobile communication networks and spatial mobility.
- Published
- 2017
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37. Linked lives and constrained spatial mobility
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Michael Thomas, Clara H. Mulder, Thomas J. Cooke, and Urban and Regional Studies Institute
- Subjects
EARNINGS ,MIGRATION ,media_common.quotation_subject ,NETHERLANDS ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Population ,GREAT-BRITAIN ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,02 engineering and technology ,State (polity) ,UNION DISSOLUTION ,gender ,Sociology ,Contemporary society ,HOME ,education ,housing ,Earth-Surface Processes ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,Earnings ,Modernity ,05 social sciences ,1. No poverty ,separation and divorce ,Great Britain ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Gender studies ,spatial mobility ,CARE ,British Household Panel Survey ,Demographic change ,DISTANCE ,linked lives ,Demographic economics ,050703 geography ,Period (music) - Abstract
Following considerable social and demographic change over the past six decades, macro-social theories have attempted to explain contemporary society through trends of weakening traditional institutions (e.g. state, church and family) and certainties (e.g. life-long full-time work and marriage) and growing self-articulation, individualisation, destandardisation and uncertainty. At the same time, new theories and discourses on population movement have emerged, in which emphasis is placed on mobility as both an empowering personal choice and a dominant process of modernity. The contemporary ubiquity of separation, and the corresponding rise of single-person and lone-parent households, is often proposed as one of the clearest articulations of instability, individualisation and weakening of the family. However, through regression-based modelling of geocoded British Household Panel Survey data, we use the compelling case of moves related to separation among families to demonstrate how: (1) links between related individuals can simultaneously trigger, shape and constrain (im)mobility; (2) linked lives can intersect in important ways with social, institutional and geographical structures; and (3) linked post-separation (im)mobility outcomes can often contradict individually-stated pre-separation preferences. Controlling for a range of multilevel characteristics, we find significant gender distinctions, with fathers more likely to leave the family home than mothers, and mothers less likely to break with post-separation familial proximity than fathers. Structural factors including housing-market geographies and population density are found to further shape these (im)mobility patterns. Together, our empirical analysis suggests that family dissolution will rarely herald a period of heightened individualisation, self-determination and unencumbered mobility. Indeed, a wider appreciation of the rise of non-traditional households, their complex linked lives and associated constraints could contribute to more realistic explanations of modern (im)mobility patterns and processes.
- Published
- 2017
38. Analysis of Barriers to Women Entrepreneurship: The DEMATEL Approach
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Rajat Agrawal, P.K. Ghosh, and Juhi Raghuvanshi
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Entrepreneurship ,Strategy and Management ,Family support ,05 social sciences ,Causality ,Institutional support ,Spatial mobility ,0502 economics and business ,050211 marketing ,Business ,Business and International Management ,Marketing ,Women entrepreneurs ,050203 business & management - Abstract
Barriers to women entrepreneurship are numerous but they are all treated with equal importance in prior research. We believe prioritisation will advance our understanding further. Hence, we start by identifying barriers from earlier studies and explore possible causality among them. A framework based on cause and effect relationship among barriers is proposed. Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique was used to establish this causality. Our analysis identifies five of the 14 barriers as causal. They are as follows: lack of education, experience and training opportunities; spatial mobility and lack of family support; lack of institutional support; lack of entrepreneurial management; and problem in acquiring financial resources. Women entrepreneurs, scholars and policymakers will gain greater understanding through this causal framework of barriers. Knowledge and containment of these barriers will help in fostering a more conducive environment for enabling more women to attempt entrepreneurship.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Work-related Travel over the Life Course and Its Link to Fertility: A Comparison between Four European Countries
- Author
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Heiko Rüger and Gil Viry
- Subjects
fertility ,life course ,sequence analysis ,Sociology and Political Science ,Cross national comparison ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Fertility ,spatial mobility ,02 engineering and technology ,Work related ,cross-national comparison ,Spatial mobility ,long-distance commuting ,Life course approach ,work-related geographical mobility ,work-related travel ,Sociology ,Link (knot theory) ,050703 geography ,Demography ,media_common - Abstract
In contemporary societies, travelling intensively to and for work has become an important part in many people’s lives. A life course approach suggests that spatial mobility may, however, conflict with other life domains such as fertility, especially for women. Using longitudinal survey data from France, Germany, Spain and Switzerland, our study provides novel evidence that the interdependence of fertility and work-related spatial mobility behaviours is largely shaped by national contexts. Based on innovative techniques of sequence analysis, our results indicate that long-term experiences of daily and weekly long-distance commuting and overnight work travel are associated with lower fertility mainly among women in Germany and Switzerland. In France and Spain, the association is weaker or absent. Interestingly, male overnight travellers in Germany and Switzerland show similar tendencies. These men have a comparatively lower fertility than other men, although the cross-national differences are less pronounced than among women. Our study discusses the role of national family policies, social norms and labour market structures in facilitating or hindering the reconciliation between fertility and work-related spatial mobility.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Tehran’s subway: gender, mobility, and the adaptation of the ‘proper’ Muslim woman
- Author
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Nazgol Bagheri
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Context (language use) ,Gender studies ,02 engineering and technology ,Public relations ,Public transport ,Spatial mobility ,Sociology ,business ,Adaptation (computer science) ,050703 geography - Abstract
Tehran’s subway, the most affordable means of public transportation in the city, offers a useful context to study the relationship between women’s spatial mobility, the construction of self, and so...
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Wander: A Smartphone App for Sensing Sociability
- Author
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Jonathan Corcoran, Renee Zahnow, and Behrang Assemi
- Subjects
050210 logistics & transportation ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,High resolution ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Smartphone application ,Geography ,Empirical research ,Human–computer interaction ,Spatial mobility ,11. Sustainability ,0502 economics and business ,Smartphone app ,Human geography ,Urban life ,Scale (map) ,Telecommunications ,business - Abstract
This paper presents a new smartphone application, Wander, to capture high resolution space-time information on urban dwellers. We detail both the mechanism as well as the analytic platform through which broad scale spatial mobility studies can be mounted to reveal how individuals move through spaces and interact with the social and physical elements of urban life. Results demonstrate the utility of Wander for collecting spatial mobility data that for the first time enables empirical testing of theories first forwarded by urban sociologists at the turn of the 20th Century. We use data collected through the Wander application to examine the timing and regularity of spatial mobility patterns, how these are related to particular urban features, and differ by participant characteristics.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Place Belonging in a Mobile World. A Case Study of Migrant Professionals
- Author
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Agnieszka Bielewska and Krzysztof Jaskułowski
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Sociology and Political Science ,05 social sciences ,0507 social and economic geography ,Sense of place ,Identity (social science) ,Gender studies ,Context (language use) ,0506 political science ,Special economic zone ,Spatial mobility ,050602 political science & public administration ,Sociology ,050703 geography ,Qualitative research - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to discuss the impact of spatial mobility on international professionals' experience of place belonging. Drawing on qualitative research carried out in the Wroclaw subzone of the Walbrzych Special Economic Zone in Poland, the article explores the question of the identity of migrant professionals in the context of their connection with places. It analyses how migrant professionals perceive both their place of origin and the place they currently inhabit and considers the specific practices migrants engage in to strengthen old bonds and establish new ones. Despite their high mobility, migrant professionals cannot always be described in terms of placelessness belonging. On the contrary, migrant professionals show a relatively strong connection to their place of origin and some of them attempts to form ties with their current place of stay.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Retrospective Review of Spatial Mobility of Population
- Author
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M.M. Bil
- Subjects
Retrospective review ,education.field_of_study ,Geography ,Spatial mobility ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,Population ,050211 marketing ,education ,050203 business & management ,Demography - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Media Representations of Racism and Spatial Mobility: Young Muslim (Un)belonging in a Post-Cronulla Riot Sutherland
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Rhonda Itaoui and Kevin M Dunn
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Cultural Studies ,History ,Sociology and Political Science ,Islamophobia ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,Urban studies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Gender studies ,02 engineering and technology ,Racism ,Spatial mobility ,Sociology ,050703 geography ,media_common - Abstract
Young Australian Muslims living in Sydney have been influenced by the Cronulla riot. Online surveys (n: 76) and interviews (n: 10) reveal the impact on their engagement with the Sutherland region a...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. East Asia and Solar Energy Trade Network Patterns
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Yu Yang, Wen Dong, and Jessie P. H. Poon
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business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Core periphery ,Solar energy ,Trade network ,0506 political science ,Economy ,Spatial mobility ,050602 political science & public administration ,Economics ,East Asia ,Economic geography ,business ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
The extent to which core‐periphery hierarchical trade patterns have significantly changed with the emergence of Asia remains debated. This paper addresses the debate by examining the spatial patter...
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Mapping changes of residence with passive mobile positioning data: the case of Estonia
- Author
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Anto Aasa, Jaanus Sellin, and Pilleriine Kamenjuk
- Subjects
Mobility model ,Anchor point ,Internal migration ,Process (engineering) ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Library and Information Sciences ,Data science ,Social processes ,Geography ,Information and Communications Technology ,Spatial mobility ,Residence ,050703 geography ,Simulation ,Information Systems - Abstract
Similar to every process involving quantitative research, the study of migration heavily depends on the data available for analysis. The available movement data limit the type of questions that can be asked, and as a result, certain aspects of human spatial mobility have yet to be examined. The development of information and communication technologies and their widespread adoption offers new datasets, methods and interpretations that make it possible to study social processes at a new level. For example, mobile positioning data can aid in overcoming certain constraints embedded in traditional data sources (such as censuses or questionnaires) for study of the connections between daily mobility and change of residence. This study presents a framework for mapping changes of residence using data from passive mobile positioning and an anchor point model to better understand the limits of these methods and their contribution to understanding long-term mobility. The study concludes that the most importan...
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Africans on the go to make do: making local sense of global developments
- Author
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Sarah Kunkel
- Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,History ,Goto ,Political science ,Spatial mobility ,05 social sciences ,Pastoralism ,050602 political science & public administration ,0507 social and economic geography ,African studies ,Economic geography ,050701 cultural studies ,0506 political science - Abstract
Mobility has been a central aspect of African studies. Research on spatial mobility has focused predominantly on economic patterns, whether they be labour migration, pastoralist movements or the ru...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Segregation, mobility and encounters in Jerusalem: The role of public transport infrastructure in connecting the ‘divided city’
- Author
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Laura Vaughan and Jonathan Rokem
- Subjects
business.industry ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,Urban studies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Civil engineering ,Variety (cybernetics) ,Urban Studies ,Public space ,Market segmentation ,Spatial mobility ,Political science ,Public transport ,G1 ,11. Sustainability ,Economic geography ,business ,Public transport network ,050703 geography ,Space syntax - Abstract
This paper assesses ways in which urban segregation is shaped and transformed by Jerusalem’s public transport network, enhancing mobility and potential group encounters. We suggest that segregation should be understood as an issue of mobility and co-presence in public space, rather than the static residential-based segregation that continues to be a central focus of debate in urban studies. We explore public transport infrastructures, considering how their implementation reflects the variety of ways that transport can have impact: segmenting populations, linking populations and/or creating spaces for interaction or conflict between the city’s Jewish Israeli and Arab Palestinian populations. Space syntax network analysis suggests that in the case of Jerusalem, access to public transport is multi-dimensional: as well as providing access to resources, it shapes opportunities for spatial mobility that may either overcome or reinforce area-based housing segregation. We discuss these opportunities in the light of Jerusalem’s on-going ethno-national division in an increasingly fractured urban reality.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The spatial dynamics of race in the transition to university : diverse cities and white campuses in U.K. higher education
- Author
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Sol Gamsu, Michael Donnelly, and Richard Harris
- Subjects
inequality ,Higher education ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,Ethnic group ,02 engineering and technology ,diversity ,Race (biology) ,Cultural diversity ,race ,Neighbourhood (mathematics) ,Demography ,media_common ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Multilevel model ,higher education choice ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Gender studies ,spatial mobility ,Census ,segregation ,Geography ,higher education ,ethnicity ,business ,050703 geography ,universities ,Diversity (politics) - Abstract
Using exceptionally detailed administrative data on all 412,000 students attending university in the United Kingdom in 2014–2015 combined with spatial census data from 2011, we explore for the first time how the ethnic composition of where students grow up is linked to where they attend university. We calculate a “diversity score” for every U.K. university, which is then compared with the ethnic diversity of the surrounding area, allowing us to explore the institutional geography of ethnicity in U.K. universities. These scores provide the basis for a multilevel analysis of factors influencing whether students move towards more or less ethnically diverse universities than where they have grown up. White students are more likely than their ethnic‐minority peers to move towards a university that is more diverse than their home neighbourhood. We thus explore how students' mobility decisions for university are influenced by the uneven geography of race in U.K. cities and universities.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Measurement of Rural Residents’ Mobility in Western China: A Case Study of Qingyang, Gansu Province
- Author
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Pengjie Li, Chunfang Liu, Bin Yu, Licheng Liu, and Yue Zhu
- Subjects
Index (economics) ,Mobilities ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,daily activities ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,TJ807-830 ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,Renewable energy sources ,Promotion (rank) ,Urbanization ,Spatial mobility ,0502 economics and business ,Regional science ,GE1-350 ,China ,media_common ,050210 logistics & transportation ,Index system ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,05 social sciences ,Network mobility ,021107 urban & regional planning ,mobility ,Environmental sciences ,ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,Loess Hilly Region ,measurement ,rural residents - Abstract
Mobility is a popular topic in the fields of humanities and social sciences. China&rsquo, s rapid urbanization has resulted in the acceleration of urban&ndash, rural mobility. Moreover, the implementation of the New Urbanization and Rural Revitalization Strategy has demonstrated the prospects of urban&ndash, rural integration and development. However, research on rural mobility is mainly focused in the fields of economics and sociology, with insufficient attention paid to spatial mobility. The main purpose of this study is to introduce a new theoretical explanation of the four dimensions of rural mobility based on a complete understanding of the current socio-economic background, namely, network mobility, green mobility, people-oriented mobility, and smart mobility. On this basis, a rural mobility evaluation index system is proposed by attempting to build a synthetic rural mobility index from the four aforementioned dimensions. Qingyang, a typical city in Western China located in the Loess Hilly Region, is taken as an example. Accordingly, the comprehensive rural and four-dimensional mobilities are analyzed and evaluated, and the effectiveness of the index system is verified. Results show that Qingyang&rsquo, s rural mobility is at a low level, but differences in the types of rural residents, districts and counties, and dimensions of mobility are observed. At the end of this paper, the inclusion of mobility promotion in the policy system of rural revitalization is emphasized.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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