Search

Although a positive relationship is expected between consumers’ awareness of green benefits in a green product and their purchase intention, several studies have demonstrated otherwise. Against this back-drop, this article investigates how three personal consumption values—namely, environmental, status, and value-for-money consciousness—moderate the relationship between consumers’ awareness of a product’s green benefits and their purchase intention. From a survey of 956 consumers across the United Kingdom and China, we find a positive and significant relationship between consumers’ awareness of green benefits and their purchase intention. However, these consumption values significantly moderate this relationship. In the United Kingdom, environmental consciousness strengthens the relationship. On the other hand, status consciousness and value-for-money consciousness strengthen the relationship in China. The findings make original contributions to the literature by highlighting how to integrate individual consumption values in differing national cultures to refine green marketing theories.

Despite luxury brands’ efforts to incorporate sustainable development into their branding and product design, studies have shown inconclusive evidence about consumers’ reaction towards such efforts. This study investigates how consumption values (i.e. the need for exclusivity, conformity, and hedonism) affect consumers’ acceptance of luxury brands’ sustainable efforts. It adopts a cross-cultural framework by analysing two countries, namely China and the UK, which differ substantially in some of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, namely power distance, individualism, and indulgence. Using the structural equation modelling in analysing 677 survey responses from actual luxury goods’ consumers in the two countries, we suggest that hedonic needs drive consumers’ purchase intentions in China and the UK. We find that the need for exclusivity in sustainable luxury items is negatively related to consumers’ purchase intentions in China, while the need for conformity is positively related. In contrast, these effects are reversed in the UK. Our study implies the need to align the marketing of sustainable luxury with consumption values of consumers to reflect the cultural differences. In theorizing sustainable luxury research, this study provides a deeper understanding of value perceptions pertaining to luxury product consumption and sustainability. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1057/s41262-020-00228-0.

One-third of all food produced in the world is lost or wasted, which has negative consequences for societies and the environment. Thus, curbing food waste is critical to securing human well-being and protecting the environment. This study examines the drivers of household food waste decisions by investigating the activation and deactivation of moral norms and introducing the concept of the ‘good provider’ in an augmented norm-activation model (NAM). A survey of 643 consumers in Australia and Singapore explores the ‘good provider’ norm as a driver of food waste behaviours in both cultures. For Australians, ‘good provider’ norms suppress intentions to avoid food waste, most likely to provide for the immediate family, which can be a motive that overrides moral concern about food waste in an individualistic culture. For Singaporeans, ‘good provider’ norms do not suppress food waste intentions, possibly due to the value placed on thrift by a long-term-oriented culture. The paper significantly extends the previous research on norms, culture and sustainable consumption and provides policy and practical implications for curbing food waste in different cultural contexts.

High-precision 3D maps play an important role in autonomous driving. The current mapping system performs well in most circumstances. However, it still encounters difficulties in the case of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal blockage, when surrounded by too many moving objects, or when mapping a featureless environment. In these challenging scenarios, either the global navigation approach or the local navigation approach will degenerate. With the aim of developing a degeneracy-aware robust mapping system, this paper analyzes the possible degeneration states for different navigation sources and proposes a new degeneration indicator for the point cloud registration algorithm. The proposed degeneracy indicator could then be seamlessly integrated into the factor graph-based mapping framework. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed 3D reconstruction system based on GNSS and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors can map challenging scenarios with high precision.

Remanufacturing, a key circular economy practice, is a new way of sustainable thinking without depleting additional economic resources. Because remanufactured goods come from direct reuse of returned or already used goods, the environmental impacts of production are reduced and product longevity is extended; therefore, these products can be considered "green products." Are they appealing to the green consumers, however? Our questionnaire survey of more than 1,168 consumers from eight Asian countries shows that the "real" green market for remanufactured products is not yet ready. Reactions to green attributes of remanufactured products are disproportionate from Asian consumers with different consumption values. Status- and value-conscious consumers may buy into remanufactured products if they perceive them as greener. However, the findings suggest that environmentally conscious consumers do not show a high appreciation for the green concept of remanufactured products in Asia. The results highlight important takeaways for remanufacturers in the circular economy and those selling remanufactured products: to identify and define the right selling point of "greenness" to align with Asian consumers' inherent values.

This article examines how social identity links institutional pressures and audit quality. Combining institutional theory and social identity theory, we theoretically argue that the interaction between social and institutional forces shapes audit quality. Through an analysis of Chinese audit firms from 2000 to 2007, we show that isomorphic imitation has a more significant effect on firms belonging to the same-identity group than firms across cross-identity groups; foreign-affiliated audit firms are more willing to conform to normative pressure from professional networks than local firms; and foreign-affiliated firms are coerced to adapt to the local government’s expectation, particularly when they have a geographically concentrated customer base. We further reveal that a larger customer base attenuates within-identity group imitation but strengthens cross-identity group imitation. The results shed light on the role of social identity in shaping conformity in the audit industry, thus contributing to international convergence–divergence literature and institutional theory.

This study addresses why multinational enterprises (MNEs) in emerging economies establish regional headquarters outside their home countries but within their home regions – an important question that previous studies have largely ignored. We extend Rugman and Verbeke's firm-specific assets (FSAs) framework in contemporary internalization theory and differentiate two firm-specific regional strategies (i.e., foreign direct investment (FDI) and export regionalization) to examine their effects on MNEs’ establishment of regional headquarters in the context of emerging economies. Using survey data from 226 Chinese MNEs, we find that intraregional FDI and interregional exports encourage MNEs to build Asian regional headquarters (ARHQ). Furthermore, we find that home-city regional integration moderates the relationship between interregional exports and ARHQ establishment and that MNEs’ international management capability moderates the relationship between intraregional FDI and ARHQ establishment. This study contributes to the regional strategy literature by clarifying the regional strategies, structures, and management of latecomer Chinese MNEs.

Addressing the social, environmental and economic consequences of food waste has become an urgent issue for governments and industry stakeholders. This study investigates the factors influencing consumer acceptance of novel value-added surplus products (VASP) which could advance industry action to reduce food waste. Consumers’ perceptions and potential acceptance of VASP is under-explored in the academic literature. A survey with a panel of 687 consumers in Australia and the UK was conducted to examine the factors that influence consumers’ willingness to buy VASP and to identify potential consumer segments. Almost half of the participants are willing to buy VASP, such as a vegetable powder, a snack and a fermented product, with Australian respondents being more likely to buy these types of foods (47%, 51% and 44%) than respondents in the UK (43%, 49% and 39%). Consumers who are price conscious, convenience oriented, status seeking and concerned about the consequences of food waste are more willing to buy VASP than others. Cluster analysis reveals two consumer segments that show promise for the targeted marketing of VASP: the ‘status and convenience seeker’, which is a larger segment in Australia (76%) than in the UK (59%), and the ‘price and environmentally conscious’ consumer, which is larger in the UK (41%) than in Australia (24%). Respondents generally rank ‘other-oriented’ benefits, such as farmers’ welfare, as more important drivers of purchasing than ‘self-oriented’ benefits, such as healthy food. The results not only advance the theoretical understanding about consumer acceptance and segmentation of novel products, but also provide a valuable indication of the market potential of VASP, along with positioning strategies to assist marketers and policy makers in preventing pre-consumption food waste.

The online shopping craze in South Korea has been ongoing for more than a decade, but in China, online shopping is currently experiencing tremendous growth, with 64 million additional shoppers per year. Consumers in Asia are among the world's most prolific online shoppers. This study explains the evolution of the online shopping market in South Korea and China. Using fast-expanding market model as an initial analytical framework and multiple case approach, we find that Chinese online shopping corresponds to the take-off stage of a successful cluster, in which significant opportunities are still present in Chinese Tier-3 and Tier-4 cities. Conversely, the South Korean online market is nearing saturation, though major foreign players are still entering this perceived lucrative marketplace.

The circular economy presents a practical solution to the earth’s resource limitations. To succeed, it is imperative for consumers to engage in circular economy practices. Are consumers buying in to these practices, however? This study examines consumer acceptance of three CE practices in East and Southeast Asia: using shared platforms, buying recycled goods, and purchasing remanufactured products. Focusing on electronic gadgets, the exploratory study of 584 Asian consumers yielded four findings: (1) Asia generates a large amount of e-waste, but the level of awareness of CE facilities and programs is limited; (2) although consumers are willing to try sharing platforms, they are concerned about being exploited or cheated; (3) consumer acceptance of recycled and remanufactured products in Asia is low because of their concern of reliability and quality; and (4) consumers are still willing to buy these products in the future because of their environmental- and cost-consciousness. We recommend that policy makers and companies work on various ways to promote circular economy practices, such as targeting certain demographic groups, managing consumers’ trust, allaying their concerns, improving offerings, and appealing to innovation-minded consumers.

Although corporate governance researchers have devoted considerable attention to the role of boards of directors in monitoring management and providing resources, less attention has been paid to whether and how they affect the strategic actions of firms in response to changing environments. Taking a process-based perspective, we examine how several prevalent board processes (i.e., board meetings, outside-board-meeting reviews and information utilization) affect the involvement of boards in strategic decision-making and how such involvement shapes organizational performance. Moreover, we offer an initial attempt to compare the strategic role of boards in for-profit and non-profit organizations. An investigation of 217 for-profit and 156 non-profit organizations in Canada indicates that different processes lead boards to different levels of strategic involvement, and that such effects are contingent on the types of organizations concerned. Moreover, boards that are active in strategic decision-making enhance the performance of their organizations. Our findings have implications for board research and practice.

Using multisource data from 37 countries encompassing a sample of 9,039 managers and their subordinates, we find that managers who provide more career mentoring receive higher performance ratings. ...