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An adequate image of a tourist destination is a key instrument to attract tourists who will contribute to the development and economic growth of the place. The objective of this study is to analyze the formation and measure of the destination image. It contains a novel analysis which breaks down the heterogeneous aspects traditionally included in the cognitive dimension of the image into factors that provide more in-depth knowledge of it. A model is used in which the image is related to the corporate image of companies abroad. An exploratory factorial analysis and a structural equation model are used to test the hypotheses formulated. The sample consists of 409 questionnaires submitted to citizens of South Korea. A new scale is proposed, including four basic elements which are essential for any destination. They will serve as the basis for the diagnosis of the tourist competitiveness of the same, facilitating the action on them and their improvement. Additionally, this scale, known as the four core elements, enables the measurement of a destination image to be standardized.

The destination image is a complex construction in which the different sources of information consulted are decisive. Among these information sources, we can find films, which have a relevant function to create destination images. Films are one of the factors that most influences people in their motivation to travel to a destination. The academic literature on film tourism has grown considerably in recent years, but an updated revision is needed. Due to this fact, the main contribution of this paper is the proposal of an updated review of the academic literature focused on film tourism and destinations and their management implications. The general objective of this research is to analyse the existing literature, systematising the relationships that exist between films, film tourism, destination image, and tourist destination. To this end, a systematic review of the literature has been carried out, with two aims: on the one hand, a review of the existing literature from a descriptive perspective, showing the main publications, authors and topics, and on the other hand, a review from a thematic perspective. The results of the latter will be addressed in the discussion and conclusions. The results of the descriptive analysis highlight the significant growth in the literature analysed over the last 45 years, especially between 2005 and 2015. They also underline that the most studied topics are film destinations, marketing and destination image. The results of the thematic analysis highlight the importance of films and series as important information sources on the creation of destination images. The thematic analysis also provides information on the negative and positive aspects of film destination management.

This study analyzes the role of residents in urban tourist destinations affected by the increase in tourist flows, which have generated various problems such as tourism, gentrification and the emergence of tourism as a threat to residents. The role of residents in tourist destinations has not been analyzed regularly during the development process of destinations. We study two cases of historic centers in European cities, with the aim of comparing tourism problems, which are common to most European urban destinations. This study was conducted by administering surveys amongst residents of these historic centers (378 in M&aacute, laga, Spain, and 380 in Gdansk, Poland). These cities show a similar demographic size and urban characteristics. This is the first comparative research on tourism-phobia and gentrification in destinations, a field of analysis that is still not studied much. We develop specific scales to measure gentrification and tourism-phobia, moreover, we study the impact of some tourist problems that affect residents (noise, dirt, occupation of public spaces, etc.), and we show the spatial distribution of tourism-phobia. The same analysis instruments are used for both cities. The results of this study show that the tourism-phobia situation is different in the analyzed destinations. It is more intense in the case of M&aacute, laga than in Gdansk. The two historic centers are especially affected by the processes of increased tourist flows and the growth of new forms of tourist accommodation. The research results show that the residents&rsquo, annoyance caused by tourism gentrification is more intense than tourism-phobia. Both case studies highlight the residents&rsquo, complaints regarding the inadequate management of problems by public stakeholders and control measures.

This research examines the relationship between residents of a mature tourist destination and tourism. To do this, the place attachment and rootedness shown by the residents towards the place where they live are assessed, as are their attitudes and level of satisfaction towards tourism. To carry out the research, 770 surveys were completed in the city of Benalm&aacute, dena (Costa del Sol, Spain). Unlike other previous studies on place attachment, the level of place attachment and rootedness are assessed separately, using a specific indicator for rootedness. The results show that place attachment and rootedness behave differently in relation to the attitude towards tourism. Another significant result is that residents&rsquo, attitudes towards tourism in this destination are positive, being more favourable among native residents. Finally, residents show a clear level of place attachment and satisfaction with tourism development, which seems to be related to remarkable social resilience. Despite the strong vulnerability of the mass tourism model, Benalm&aacute, dena displays significant resilience due to its social structure.

The research objective is to analyse the destination image and corporate image of Spain among the Korean university population. We study the moderating effect of the motivation between two potentia...

The objective of this research is to propose a theoretical model based on studies on residents&rsquo, quality of life in smart tourism destinations. Smart tourism destinations are territories based on information and communication technologies (ICT), which improve travelers&rsquo, tourist experiences as well as affect the quality of life of residents. To know the context of the relationships between tourism and quality of life, main studies and theories regarding these two phenomena are analyzed. Likewise, the relationship between smart places and quality of life is also studied. Therefore, a theoretical model on residents&rsquo, quality of life in smart tourism destinations is proposed based on a systematized analysis of the literature. From the theoretical model, it is perceived that residents&rsquo, overall life satisfaction results from the relationship between perceived tourism impacts and satisfaction with specific life factors, and they are measured by qualitative indicators. Also, it is identified that the quality of life of residents is clearly influenced by the impacts of tourism and ICTs. In addition, it is understood that the residents&rsquo, overall life satisfaction corroborates for the further development of the smart tourism destination. Finally, we understand that the knowledge of residents&rsquo, perception and satisfaction of their quality of life contribute to formulation and implementation of urban and tourism development policies in smart tourism destinations.

espanolTurismofobia en los centros historicos: el caso de MalagaSe analizan las molestias que presentan los residentes en el centro historico de Malaga, debido a los impactos del turismo. La zona de estudio esta afectada por la perdida de poblacion y por molestias que presentan los residentes en espacios intensamente turisticos. Se indaga sobre la existencia de la turismofobia y los elementos que intervienen en la misma. Para ello se elaboro un cuestionario especifico sobre turismofobia, se distribuyeron y cumplimentaron 378 encuestas y se llevaron a cabo 10 entrevistas semiestructuras a residentes. Asi mismo, se confecciono una cartografia tematica que identifica espacialmente los principales problemas relacionados con las molestias a residentes. Esta investigacion es el primer estudio que analiza la turismofobia utilizando muestras estadisticamente fiables. Los resultados senalan la existencia de un colectivo de residentes bastante molesto (17,5 %) que se pueden denominar como turismofobicos, y un grupo bastante poco molesto (22,2 %), que se podria designar como turismofilicos. Hay variables sociodemograficas que son claves para interpretar estas actitudes, como son los casos del nivel de estudios y lugar de residencia. La distribucion espacial de las percepciones de las molestias debido al turismo es desigual en el centro historico de Malaga. EnglishThe annoyance presented by the residents in the historic centre of Malaga, due to the impact of tourism is analysed. The study area is affected by a declining population and problems presented by residents in intense tourism spaces. The existence of tourism-phobia and the elements involved in it are examined. To this end, a specific questionnaire was produced about tourism-phobia, 378 surveys were distributed and completed and 10 semi-structured interviews were carried out with residents. Likewise, a thematic map was created, spatially identifying the main problems relating to the nuisances to residents. This research is the first study that analyses tourism-phobia by using statistically reliable samples. The results show the existence of a group of residents who are quite annoyed (17.5 %) that can be classified as tourism-phobic and a group that is not very annoyed at all (22.2 %) that could be classed as tourism-philic. There are sociodemographic variables that are essential to interpreting these attitudes, such as the cases of the level of education and place of residence. The spatial distribution of the perceptions of the annoyance caused by tourism is uneven in the historic centre of Malaga.

This study investigates whether local residents&rsquo, sociodemographics and community attachment can influence their perceptions toward the impact of tourism (economic, environmental, and sociocultural effects) and, further, whether these perceptions influence their satisfaction with local tourism management. The perceptions of 467 residents were surveyed from six communities in the region of Petra, Jordan. The results of a regression analysis indicate that the respondents&rsquo, sociodemographics and community attachment influence their perceptions of the impacts of tourism. Gender and distance from tourist sites are found to be very important factors that influence local residents&rsquo, perceptions. In addition, the perceived economic impact is the most important aspect for these respondents, and perceived negative impacts do not significantly influence their satisfaction. Suggestions for future studies in the region and possible implications are discussed.

Satisfaction and perceptions of the residents towards local management were analysed at a World Heritage site such as the region of Petra, Jordan. Contributing to the context of host-guest interaction at World Heritage sites, we investigated the satisfaction towards local management. Using the Social Exchange Theory and partial least squares-structural equation modelling, a model was built and data from 467 surveyed residents were analysed. The model that we developed in this study represents the relationships between several factors related to the region's characteristics, including involvement in tourism development, participation in local organisation, and resident contact with tourists and community attachment. It was found that these factors play a critical role in the residents' perceptions of the economic, environment and socio-cultural impact of tourism development. Our findings suggest that perceptions strongly affect the satisfaction with local management. Furthermore, this study addresses several practical implications and future studies.

DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2015.11.007 This study examines the residents´ perceptions of the impact of tourism in Benalmádena, and the profiles of the residents according to socio-demographic characteristics. A questionnaire assessed how these characteristics influence the residents' perceptions towards the environment, economy, and socio-cultural aspects. The survey was administered to a stratified sample of 770 residents in Benalmádena. Results show a significant effect of socio-demographic variables on perception of tourism impact. The educational background, place of birth and how long respondents had been living in the community explain a significant amount of the variance in overall attitudes. Interaction analyses revealed that place of birth moderated the relationship between the tourism dimensions and the years of residence. For instance, the respondents with less than five years of residence showed more positive attitude towards the impact of tourism. We offer a profile of these residents according to their perceptions of the impact of tourism in their community. This research has received funding from the Spanish Government, Fundamental Research Program (R+D) (CSO2012-30840), “Geographies of crisis: analysis of urban and tourist territories of the Balearic Islands, Costa del Sol and main tourist destinations of the Caribbean and Central America”. Andalucia Tech, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.

This study aims to explore the trend towards gender equality in the tourism sector of the Petra region, Jordan. To do so, a mixed methods design including a questionnaire and in-depth interviews was employed for female residents of rural and urban areas in the region. The results show that women do not have favourable view of tourism's economic impacts and that several barriers exist to their employment in the tourism sector. The findings' implications and future studies are addressed.

Torremolinos constituye un caso destacable que resalta la estrecha vinculación que existe entre el tipo de desarrollo turístico y los patrones de localización de la industria hotelera. Este estudio muestra la evolución de un destino maduro de sol y playa, que ha creado una notable oferta hotelera a lo largo del tiempo. Para comprender la distribución temporal y espacial de la oferta hotelera, se propone un modelo de localización de la actividad hotelera. Las herramientas de análisis utilizadas han sido la recopilación de la información documental y estadística relativa a los hoteles, las ortofotografías aéreas para el estudio de los cambios de usos del suelo, el análisis estadístico para conocer el comportamiento espacial y el trabajo de campo para localizar los establecimientos hoteleros. La investigación comprueba la existencia de clusters espaciales como estrategia de implantación del sector hotelero de Torremolinos.

The strong growth of mass tourism since 1950 has made this industry one of the most important in the world. Many national governments have thus implemented policies aimed at generating income from tourism. This research analyses the evolution of the Moroccan tourism policy and various development strategies carried out by the government over the last 60 years. Moroccan policy managed to position the country as the top tourist destination in Africa in 2014. This study assesses public policies to demonstrate the important role played by the state in this growth process. It analyses the main tourism plans implemented by the Moroccan government, and proposes a discussion around the current tourism development model linked to international investment. ‘National Plan of Scientific Research (R+D+i, 2015-2018), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain’, grant number (CSO2015-64468-P) ‘Crisis and restructuring of tourist areas of the Spanish coast’.

This chapter tries to analyse the most relevant aspects of the target image and focuses on a specific case study to verify if the hypotheses that have been raised are true or not. Over the years there have been many studies that have assessed the target image and most agree that the target image is multidimensional in nature, so there are several factors to take into account when analysing it. Therefore, sources of information are essential when creating a target image. The fact of analysing the destination image can be fundamental for marketing and tourism location. Through the study of a concrete case the city of Malaga we verified that target image is formed by cognitive and affective components and that both are fundamental for its creation. At the same time, we saw that the destination image of the city of Malaga is more linked to “sun and sand” tourism than to cultural tourism, even if the latter is the image that the destination itself tries to or would like to display.