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Transportation and mobility in smart cities are undergoing a grave transformation as new ways of mobility are introduced to facilitate seamless traveling, addressing travelers’ needs in a personalized manner. A novel concept that has been recently introduced is Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), where mobility services are bundled in MaaS Plans and offered to end-users through a single digital platform. The present paper introduces a recommender system for MaaS Plans selection that supports travelers to select bundles of mobility services that fit their everyday transportation needs. The recommender filters out unsuitable plans and then ranks the remaining ones on the basis of their similarity to the users’ characteristics, habits and preferences. The recommendation approach is based on Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) formalisms combined with cosine similarity techniques. The proposed method was evaluated in experimental settings and was further embedded in real-life pilot MaaS applications. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach provides lists of MaaS PlanMaaS Plans that users would choose in a real-life MaaS setting, in most of the cases. Moreover, the results of the real-life pilots showed that the majority of the participants chose an actual MaaS Plan from the top three places of the recommendation lists.

Sustainable mobility has received significant attention over the recent years due to the negative impact of peoples’ transportation habits on the environment and the society, especially in congested urban areas. In this paper, we present our approach for personalized persuasion aiming to nudge travelers to opt for sustainable mode choices. Our approach leverages persuadability profiles comprising of users’ personality and mobility type in order to identify the persuasive strategy that fits best to the user’s profile, and supports transportation decisions towards more environmental friendly routes, by providing targeted interventions in the form of persuasive messages integrated in a route planning application. A pilot study in the city of Vienna showed evidence that the application affects users’ mobility choices.

Current transportation practices are not sustainable as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector are increasing at a faster rate than any other energy using sector, especially in urban environments. Technology based behavioural change interventions towards adopting transportation habits that rely more on the use of public transportation, bicycles and walking and less on private cars can provide the means to reduce GHG emissions, mitigate the effects on the environment and improve the quality of life in urban areas. In this paper, we present our approach to support sustainable transportation decisions and nudge users to select more environmental friendly routes through a set of personalized persuasion services which are embedded in route planning applications. The proposed services leverage a multitude of relevant information elements including user profile characteristics and contextual information in order to nudge users to follow green transportation routes.

Recent approaches on tackling the problem of sustainable transportation involve persuasive systems and applications. These systems focus on changing citizens’ behavior towards adopting transportation habits that rely more on the use of public transportation, bicycles and walking and less on private cars. A main drawback of existing applications is the limited use or lack of personalization aspects that consider differences in users’ susceptibility to persuasive strategies. In this paper, we explore two user traits that can be used for personalizing the persuasive strategies applied to end users: personality and mobility type. More specifically, we present the results of a study where we examined the perceived persuadability of eight persuasive strategies on users of five personality types and three mobility types.

Part 4: Policy Formulation and Modelling; International audience; Reliable and timely information about current economic and environmental conditions is crucial for policy makers to take decisions and for steering agents’ expectations formation about the state of the economy. While the usefulness of monitoring expectations, opinions and sentiments of economic agents is undoubted, one can argue that existing indices are based on a selected number of surveys and a low monitoring frequency resulting in a partial view of more complex dynamics. In this paper we present a web based tool based on the concept of Information Markets that can be used to aggregate expectations on policy indices and provide accurate and timely information to policy makers and policy modellers.

We implemented a recommendation system that presents persuasive messages to commuters using a route planning application. Our aim is to nudge users towards following routes that are environmentally friendly with lower CO2 emissions than those they usually take. Our implementation leverages contextual information and transportation user profiles while the messages are defined based on a set of persuasive strategies. The recommender is integrated in a route planning application for android based smartphones and was used in a trial in the cities of Vienna and Dublin. Users' qualitative feedback showed that the feature was found interesting and provided insights for future improvements.

Part 6: Innovative Technologies; International audience; Participatory governance entails converting citizens from passive users of administrative decisions into active participants of political procedures. Public institutions and organizations can benefit from methods and tools able to aggregate and interpret information dispersed among citizens. In this paper we explore the use of Information Aggregation Markets (IAMs) for citizen engagement. We identify the benefits of IAMs and explain how markets can be used to aggregate citizens’ opinions and views on policy issues. Furthermore we report on two real life cases where we deployed IAMs to assist the decision making processes of public organizations. The positive feedback from participants and decision makers provides empirical evidence on the benefits of IAMs as a method for engaging citizens in public policy decision making.

In recent years, persuasive interventions for inducing sustainable mobility behaviours have become an active research field. This review paper systematically analyses existing approaches and prototype systems as well as field studies and describes and classifies the persuasive strategies used for changing behaviours in the domain of mobility and transport. We provide a review of 44 papers on persuasive technology for sustainable transportation aiming to (i) answer important questions regarding the effectiveness of persuasive technology for changing mobility behaviours, (ii) summarize and highlight trends in the technology design, research methods, strategies and theories, (iii) uncover limitations of existing approaches and applications, and (iv) suggest directions for future research.

The continuing growth of urbanisation poses a real threat to the operation of transportation services in large metropolitan areas around the world. As a response, several initiatives that promote public transport and active travelling have emerged in the last few years. Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is one such initiative with the main goal being the provision of a holistic urban mobility solution through a single interface, the MaaS operator. The successful implementation of MaaS requires the support of a technology platform for travellers to fully benefit from the offered transport services. A central component of such a platform is a journey planner with the ability to provide trip options that efficiently integrate the different modes included in a MaaS scheme. This paper presents a heuristic that implements a scenario-based journey planner for users of MaaS. The proposed heuristic provides routes composed of different modes including private cars, public transport, bike-sharing, car-sharing and ride-hailing. The methodological approach for the generation of journeys is explained and its implementation using a microservices architecture is presented. The implemented system was trialled in two European cities and the analysis of user satisfaction results reveal good overall performance.