36 results on '"Didier Bigo"'
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2. Shared secrecy in a digital age and a transnational world
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Didier Bigo
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021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,History ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Internet privacy ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,050601 international relations ,0506 political science ,Exchange of information ,Political science ,Political Science and International Relations ,Secrecy ,business - Abstract
This article examines the notion of shared secrets and the procedures by which secrecy is not the opposite of exchange of information, but the restriction of it to a certain ‘circle’ of people and the maintenance of others in ignorance. It creates corridors depending on the objectives of secret information, the persons having access, and the knowledge of this access by other people. Shared secrecy has been considered as an exception to common practice, but it has changed in scale with digitization and transnationalization of information, especially when suspicion is becoming used in statistical terms for prevention purposes.
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- 2019
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3. Data Politics. Worlds, Subjects, Rights
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Evelyn Ruppert, Engin F. Isin, Didier Bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), University of London [London], Didier Bigo, Engin Isin, Evelyn Ruppert, and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
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business.industry ,International studies ,05 social sciences ,Big data ,Media studies ,international studies ,050801 communication & media studies ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,Space (commercial competition) ,16. Peace & justice ,Internet studies ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,Political sociology ,Politics ,0508 media and communications ,internet studies ,data ,Political science ,050602 political science & public administration ,The Internet ,politics ,business ,Cyberspace - Abstract
Data has become a social and political issue not only because it concerns anyone who is connected to the Internet but also because it reconfigures relationships between states, subjects, and citizens. Just about every device is now connected to the Internet and generating vast quantities of digital traces about interactions, transactions and movements whether users are aware or not. What started as an ostensibly liberated space the Internet rapidly became the space over and through which governments and corporations began collecting, storing, retrieving, analysing, and producing data that analyses what people do and say on the Internet. This ranges from who communicates with whom, who goes where, and who says what – and much more besides. This is now being augmented with data that people produce about themselves, especially their relations, body movements and measurements; the amount and range of data that has become available is, as everyone now knows, staggering. This chapter introduces the main themes of the book to position these developments within a broad historical-sociological perspective and to articulate an international political sociology of data politics.
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- 2019
4. The Art of Writing Social Sciences: Disrupting the Current Politics of Style
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Monique Jo Beerli, Didier Bigo, Tugba Basaran, Emma Mc Cluskey, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), King‘s College London, and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
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collective ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,050601 international relations ,Style (sociolinguistics) ,Globalization ,Politics ,Argument ,Transdisciplinarity ,Political science ,Reflexivity ,Social science ,politics of style ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,business.industry ,transdisciplinarity ,05 social sciences ,reflexivity ,writing ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,Publishing ,business ,Discipline ,social sciences - Abstract
Through a critical engagement with substantive and stylistic guidelines dictated by dominant journals in the social sciences, this article enquires on what it means to write like a social scientist in the twenty-first century. Academic production and diffusion now regularly take place beyond and across national borders, with English often standing in as the lingua franca of these global exchanges. Though just one effect of this restructuration, academic journals have become more transnational in scope with regards to the authors whose work they publish and the audiences whose readership they seek to attract. However, while one could expect the “globalization” of the social sciences to lead to the transnational circulation of national disciplinary traditions and perhaps multiple manifestations of cultural hybridization, we are instead witnessing the imposition of a strangely singular and harmonized mode of doing the social sciences. Paradoxically, standards of how long a scientific article should be or how one should fashion an argument are so familiar and intimately known, yet curiously opaque and of unknown origins. In interrogating the historical-contextual origins of conventions that so strongly shape the world of academic publishing and, dare we say, reasoning, we raise questions about the conditions of the present and the naturalization of standards on how to write a scientific article. As a consequence of this exploration, we propose alternatives guidelines that a new journal such as ours has to present to its anticipated authors and readers.
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- 2020
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5. International Law and European Migration Policy: Where Is the Terrorism Risk?
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Elspeth Guild and Didier Bigo
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National security ,Torture ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Context (language use) ,migration ,Politics ,State (polity) ,Political science ,050602 political science & public administration ,international law ,0505 law ,media_common ,050502 law ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:Law ,terrorism ,International law ,0506 political science ,Law ,Terrorism ,national security ,business ,(in)security ,Persecution ,lcsh:K - Abstract
This article examines how international law in form of treaties deals with the intersection of the three concepts. Our hypothesis is that international law, in the form of treaties, has been reluctant to engage with national security when dealing with migration, leaving this to national law. Instead, the intersection of national security&mdash, most commonly in the form of concerns about terrorism and migration&mdash, takes place in political discourse, which acts as a passerelle for various types of state violence against people classified or suspected of being migrants. We examine this mechanism that we call an insecurity continuum driven by the politics of fear in a European context. This is a politics that takes place outside of international law but has the effect of limiting access by individuals to international law protections, particularly in the case of people who claim international protection against persecution or torture.
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- 2019
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6. Sociology of Transnational Guilds
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Didier Bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
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National security ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Rationality ,bureaucracy ,050601 international relations ,Politics ,State (polity) ,050602 political science & public administration ,solidarity ,Sociology ,social groups ,Central element ,media_common ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,16. Peace & justice ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,Solidarity ,0506 political science ,Law ,Political economy ,Elite ,business ,Autonomy - Abstract
This article seeks to discuss the emergence of transnational groups coming from the core of state bureaucracies and what has sometimes been called the “deep” or “right hand” of the state. In doing so, the article aims to explore the groups’ degree of autonomy in terms of elaboration of politics and their place within the different fields of power that irrigate the international. Are these groups exchanging information transnationally or not? Do they form a group, an elite of professionals, a guild, which has its own agenda and priorities? Have they a sense of solidarity provided by the sharing of a certain kind of know-how that enters into tension with the loyalty to a national agenda? And, if this exchange of information exists, as evidenced by the Snowden leaks, does it concur or not with the establishment of specific national security priorities? This article seeks to discuss the emergence of transnational groups based on a form of solidarity related to their daily work, their “artisanal craft,” or their “specific knowledge,” which often transcends differences in terms of national cultures. It will help to understand the complexity of forms of boundary-making in what has been called a “fracturing” world; the fracturing world being, here, a world full of transversal lines, of complex dynamics, yet not a disaggregated nor a broken world (Basaran et al. 2016). Certainly, for some researchers, it may appear so from the moment the image of state unity in decision-making is shaken; they fear the consequences of their empirical investigations and try to preserve the myth of nation-states alongside a level of rationality called the international society of states. However, if one pursues a more sociological and anthropological approach, the central element is then to understand how actors’ logic of practices in their everyday lives creates solidarity at …
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- 2016
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7. Frontiers of fear: immigration and insecurity in the United States and Europe
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Didier Bigo
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Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political economy ,Political science ,05 social sciences ,Immigration ,050602 political science & public administration ,0507 social and economic geography ,Political violence ,050703 geography ,0506 political science ,Demography ,media_common - Abstract
Debates about border controls, migration status, mobility of persons and the eruption of political violence have evolved dramatically over the past decades. They have been colonised by a language o...
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- 2016
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8. Beyond national security, the emergence of a digital reason of state(s) led by transnational guilds of sensitive information: the case of the Five Eyes Plus network
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didier bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ben Wagner, Matthias Kettemann, Kilian Vieth, and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
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National security ,Intelligence services ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Espionage ,Technologies ,16. Peace & justice ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,050601 international relations ,0506 political science ,Information sensitivity ,Doxa ,Political science ,Terrorism ,050602 political science & public administration ,Element (criminal law) ,business ,Symbolic power ,Law and economics ,Hacker - Abstract
In the first section of this chapter, I analyze the current transformations of the definition, organization, and modalities of acquisition by which national security is delimited in different countries, and I argue that national security is no longer national as such, nor does it correspond to a traditional understanding of security as protection from war. This change in national security practices is what I call ‘the emergence of a digital reason of state’ based on the possibility for intelligence services to cooperate and compete to extend their goals of prevention of crime, terrorism or espionage by the inclusion of technologies collecting traces of human activities. This state of the game challenges the very idea of a ‘national’ security but this is not accepted or even acknowledged by security and intelligence studies. To understand nevertheless the structural changes, I propose in the second section to use the notion of field of struggles in a Bourdieusian sense in order to understand the battles between the actors that I called a transnational guild of the management of sensitive information, as well as the public controversies around the inevitability of large-scale surveillance. The positions of the field inform the struggles in terms of symbolic power between the actors and also the compliance of large parts of the public. The next element that I analyse in a third section is concerned with the forms of defiance and resistance against the power of these transnational guilds, that lawyers and judges or hackers try to put in motion, but which are often to some extent paralysed by the rapid acceptance that current technologies are inevitable and necessary. This form of doxa regarding the social effects of digital technologies impacts on the public at large and many academics, and reinforces a priori compliance, but is also generating alternative behaviours. DOI : 10.4337/9781785367724.00009
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- 2019
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9. What Is a PARIS Approach to (In)securitization? Political Anthropological Research for International Sociology
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Didier Bigo and Emma McCluskey
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05 social sciences ,Media studies ,Spire (mollusc) ,16. Peace & justice ,0506 political science ,Political anthropology ,Metadata ,Politics ,Work (electrical) ,050602 political science & public administration ,Securitization ,Sociology ,0509 other social sciences ,050904 information & library sciences - Abstract
This chapter sets out the burgeoning research program taking place as part of a “PARIS” approach to studying processes of (in)security and (in)securitization. PARIS is an acronym for Political Anthropological Research for International Sociology. The chapter outlines how a PARIS approach highlights the study of how different bodies of knowledge are labeling security, examining the tensions and controversies between and within practitioners and disciplinary fields in these labeling practices. It analyses different intellectual ways to study the relationship between the “security” label and the boundaries of “security” practices alternatively labeled by others freedom, mobility, violence, or privacy. The chapter concludes by conceptualizing the relation between security and insecurity as a mobius strip; a metaphor which demonstrates how one can never be certain what constitutes the content of security and not insecurity. A PARIS approach thus calls for the study of everyday (in)securitization processes and practices.
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- 2018
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10. Enquêter sur l’internationalisation des noblesses d’État. Retour réflexif sur des stratégies de double jeu
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Didier Bigo, Antonin Cohen, and Yves Dezalay
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021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Ecology ,Insect Science ,05 social sciences ,050602 political science & public administration ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0506 political science - Abstract
Cultures & Conflits : Si Yves Dezalay, avec ou sans Bryant Garth, etait a notre place dans cette situation d’entretien, face par exemple a un representant des elites juridiques, par quelle question commencerait-il ? Yves Dezalay : Tres simple ! Parce que c’est toujours la meme question, et c’est une approche qui a ete, non pas rationalisee, mais elaboree en fonction de ce qui marche et de ce qui ne marche pas. C’est de demander : « Comment en etes-vous arrive la ou vous etes ? » Comme les mem...
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- 2015
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11. Data politics
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EVELYN RUPPERT, Engin Isin, and Didier Bigo
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021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Information Systems and Management ,Communication ,05 social sciences ,Politics ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,lcsh:A ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,02 engineering and technology ,Library and Information Sciences ,16. Peace & justice ,050601 international relations ,0506 political science ,Computer Science Applications ,power ,citizens ,rights ,lcsh:General Works ,professions ,fields ,Information Systems - Abstract
The commentary raises political questions about the ways in which data has been constituted as an object vested with certain powers, influence, and rationalities. We place the emergence and transformation of professional practices such as‘data science’, ‘data journalism’, ‘data brokerage’, ‘data mining’, ‘data storage’, and ‘data analysis’ as part of the reconfigurationof a series of fields of power and knowledge in the public and private accumulation of data. Data politics asks questions about the ways in which data has become such an object of power and explores how to critically intervene inits deployment as an object of knowledge. It is concerned with the conditions of possibility of data that involve things (infrastructures of servers, devices, and cables), language (code, programming, and algorithms), and people (scientists,entrepreneurs, engineers, information technologists, designers) that together create new worlds. We define ‘data politics’ as both the articulation of political questions about these worlds and the ways in which they provoke subjects togovern themselves and others by making rights claims. We contend that without understanding these conditions of possibility – of worlds, subjects and rights – it would be difficult to intervene in or shape data politics if by that it is meantthe transformation of data subjects into data citizens.
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- 2017
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12. The (in)securitization practices of the three universes of EU border control: Military/Navy – border guards/police – database analysts
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Didier Bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
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Civil society ,Materiality (auditing) ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,0507 social and economic geography ,Public administration ,Public relations ,16. Peace & justice ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,Foreign policy ,Political Science and International Relations ,050602 political science & public administration ,Habitus ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Securitization ,Sociology ,European union ,business ,Interrogation ,050703 geography ,Use of force ,media_common - Abstract
What practices of (in)securitization involve the notions of border and border control in the European Union? How do these practices operate? How are they assembled? In the resulting assemblage, is the notion of borders – understood as state borders – still relevant for the control of individuals and populations moving across the frontiers of the EU? Drawing on empirical observations and with a specific focus on how border control is translated into different social universes, this article seeks to show that practices of control are routinely embedded in a practical sense that informs what controlling borders does and means. This practical sense is itself informed by different professional habitus and work routines involving deterrence and the use of force, interrogation and detention, surveillance of populations on the move and the profiling of (un)trusted travellers. Its strength varies in relation to its shared dimension by most of the operators, and is adjusted to the materiality of borders as well as to the local contexts in which it is deployed. It activates, or does not activate, the maximal use of various control technologies (satellites, pre-registration and interoperable exchange of data between the state and private bureaucracies, biometrics identifiers, body-scanners). For understanding practices of (in)securitization, actual work routines and the specific professional ‘dispositions’ are therefore more important than any discourses actors may use to justify their activities.
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- 2014
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13. Michel Foucault and International Relations: Cannibal Relations
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Didier Bigo
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International relations ,education.field_of_study ,060106 history of social sciences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Population ,06 humanities and the arts ,16. Peace & justice ,Epistemology ,Political sociology ,Politics ,State (polity) ,Sovereignty ,0502 economics and business ,Terrorism ,0601 history and archaeology ,Sociology ,Political philosophy ,050207 economics ,Social science ,education ,media_common - Abstract
Historically, political science and International Relations have been differentiated through the study of “domestic” government and “international” government, respectively. Yet, Foucault never took part or was even really interested in this division; this chapter contends that he has been a “politist” and an “internationalist,” of a different kind. The first part of this chapter shows that the intensity and importance of Foucault’s lessons have left traces in IR until today despite the reciprocal indifference between Foucault and the political scientists of his time. The second part comes back to the discussion about war and develops on why the conception of war Foucault proposed could be a way to escape today’s false debates around war, terrorism and radicalization. By proposing different “tools to think,” his work de facto cannibalized political science and IR by “devouring” their topics when questioning sovereignty, territory, population and the essence of the state as an “actor.” Foucault challenged and reformulated narratives without even discussing their “theories” or using their examples, just by showing how to think differently about power and subjectivation.
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- 2017
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14. Rethinking security at the crossroad of international relations and criminology
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Didier Bigo
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Paris school ,Social Psychology ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Security studies ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,050602 political science & public administration ,International Political Sociology ,Critique ,Speech act ,Law and economics ,International relations ,Experience ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Practice ,International Relations ,05 social sciences ,Insecurity ,0506 political science ,Security ,International security ,Psychology ,Law ,Mobius strip - Abstract
This article aims to introduce an in-depth conversation between International Relations (IR) and criminology about security practices and security studies. Too often each discipline has ignored the possibility of a dialogue, or has just borrowed ideas from the other discipline, unreflexively. This has created even more difficulties. But, it is possible to decolonize the topic of security from these traditional approaches, by connecting critical approaches on both side as they share an episteme based on an understanding of the practices of (in)security and the experiences lived by human beings. This is particularly the case of the convergence between the Paris school of liberty and security analysing (in)security practices and critical criminologists interested in 'everyday practices of security', once they realize on both side that the internal and external security dimensions they study, are neither two different phenomena, nor the very same one, fusional and globalized at the same moment, but a set of differentiated practices that are nevertheless connected along a Mobius strip.
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- 2016
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15. Introduction to Symposium'A Different Reading of the International': Pierre Bourdieu and International Studies
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Mikael Rask Madsen and Didier Bigo
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Constructivism (international relations) ,Sociology and Political Science ,International studies ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,16. Peace & justice ,European studies ,050601 international relations ,0506 political science ,Epistemology ,Political sociology ,Empirical research ,Reading (process) ,050602 political science & public administration ,Mainstream ,Sociology ,Social science ,Realism ,media_common - Abstract
This special issue of International Political Sociology consists of a symposium of papers that demonstrate the possibilities applying the political sociology of Pierre Bourdieu to international studies, both theoretically and empirically. The papers are all derived from a panel entitled “A Different Reading of the International” organized at the 2010 ISA Annual Conference in New Orleans. Correspondingly, the main claim of this special issue is that the sociology of Bourdieu provides a different look at the international, one that is highly productive for further transforming international studies. Our interest in developing this specific symposium has moreover been spurred by the general momentum which Bourdieusian sociology currently is experiencing with respect to both international and European studies (for references, please see the individual chapters). In this growing literature, one can now distinguish between a grouping of more sociologically informed studies and an emergent body of political science research which draws on Bourdieusian concepts. This symposium has a more sociological orientation than is usual in international studies, which is still very much dominated by political science reasoning. It also insists on the need to conduct empirical research using a specific set of thinking tools derived from Pierre Bourdieu's sociology as a means for providing a new reading of the international. Our goal is, however, not to provide a history of Bourdieiusian ideas or to celebrate Pierre Bourdieu as yet another rising star in the pantheon of fashionable French thinkers for the IR market. We also resist treating Bourdieu as a philosopher cutoff from his empirical research on “examples” that seem irrelevant for IR specialists, or presenting a ready-made and condensed version of Bourdieu for an IR audience in search of minor adjustments in the division of labor between soft constructivism and mainstream realism. We have closely worked together to put Bourdieusian concepts …
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- 2011
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16. Pierre Bourdieu and International Relations: Power of Practices, Practices of Power
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Didier Bigo
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International relations ,Sociology and Political Science ,05 social sciences ,Opposition (politics) ,16. Peace & justice ,Structure and agency ,050601 international relations ,0506 political science ,Epistemology ,Practice research ,Empirical research ,General theory ,050602 political science & public administration ,Ahistoricism ,Habitus ,Sociology ,Social science - Abstract
This article demonstrates how the work of Pierre Bourdieu offers a productive way to practice research in international relations. It especially explores the alternatives opened by Bourdieu in terms of a logic of practice and practical sense that refuses an opposition between general theory and empirical research. Bourdieu's preference for a relational approach, which destabilizes the different versions of the opposition between structure and agency, avoids some of the traps commonly found in political science in general and theorizations of international relations in particular: essentialization and ahistoricism; a false dualism between constructivism and empirical research; and an absolute opposition between the collective and the individual. The “thinking tools ” of field and habitus, which are both collective and individualized, are examined in order to see how they resist such traps. The article also engages with the question of whether the international itself challenges some of Bourdieu’s assumptions, especially when some authors identify a global field of power while others deny that such a field of power could be different from a system of different national fields of power. In this context, the analysis of transversal fields of power must be untied from state centrism in order to discuss the social transformations of power relations in ways that do not oppose a global/international level to a series of national and subnational levels.
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- 2011
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17. Repenser l’impact de la surveillance après l’affaire Snowden : sécurité nationale, droits de l’homme, démocratie, subjectivité et obéissance
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Zygmunt Bauman, Robert Walker, Elspeth Guild, Paulo Augusto Esteves, David Lyon, Didier Bigo, Vivienne Jabri, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Leeds, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), King‘s College London, Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
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021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Snowden ,Surveillance ,Ecology ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Technologie ,02 engineering and technology ,16. Peace & justice ,050601 international relations ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,Insect Science ,NSA ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Les révélations autour des programmes secrets de la NSA ont confirmé l’existence d’une surveillance de grande envergure de nos communications par les autorités gouvernementales américaines, qui touche également les pays alliés des États-Unis en Europe et en Amérique latine. Les ramifications transnationales de la surveillance nous invitent à ré-examiner les pratiques contemporaines des affaires internationales. Le débat ne se limite pas aux relations des États-Unis avec le reste du monde, ni à la surveillance et à la vie privée : il est beaucoup plus large. Cet article collectif décrit les spécificités de la cyber-surveillance, y compris les pratiques hybrides des services de renseignement et des compagnies privées de télécommunications. Il analyse ensuite les impacts de ses pratiques sur la sécurité nationale, la diplomatie, les droits de l’homme, la démocratie, la subjectivité et l’obéissance. After Snowden: Rethinking the Impact of SurveillanceCurrent revelations about the secret US-NSA program, PRISM, have confirmed the large-scale mass surveillance of the telecommunication and electronic messages of governments, companies, and citizens, including the United States’ closest allies in Europe and Latin America. The transnational ramifications of surveillance call for a re-evaluation of contemporary world politics’ practices. The debate cannot be limited to the United States versus the rest of the world or to surveillance versus privacy; much more is at stake. This collective article briefly describes the specificities of cyber mass surveillance, including its mix of the practices of intelligence services and those of private companies providing services around the world. It then investigates the impact of these practices on national security, diplomacy, human rights, democracy, subjectivity, and obedience. Techniques de surveillance de masse et portée mondiale de l’Internet : un fossé permanent ? Un ruban de Moebius de la sécurité nationale et de la surveillance transnationale Accès illimité aux données, sécurité nationale et renseignement étranger : la distribution inégale de la suspicion La sécurité nationale et la numérisation de la raison d’État Un champ d’échanges informatisés entre professionnels de l’information sensible et une guilde tentant de l’organiser De multiples sites de résistance Les jeux des États autour du ruban de Moebius Comment ramener le ruban de Moebius vers les lignes souveraines ? Raison d’État et géopolitique adaptées aux nécessités de l’ère du numérique Droits de l’homme et vie privée à l’âge de la surveillance : le pouvoir du droit international Le droit à la vie privée et le droit à la protection des données La position américaine au regard du droit international relatif aux droits de l’homme et l’initiative germano-brésilienne Renseignement, démocratie, souveraineté : quel demos pour quelle société ? Subjectivité et surveillance du cyberespace Vivre avec la surveillance : résignation, perplexité et résistance
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- 2015
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18. L’environnement au prisme de l’écologie, du risque et de la catastrophe
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didier bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alain Dieckhoff, Marie-Françoise Durand, François Gemenne, and Centre de recherches internationales (CERI)
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[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,05 social sciences ,0507 social and economic geography ,risques ,01 natural sciences ,catastrophes ,environnement ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,écologie ,[SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies ,050703 geography ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,relations internationales - Abstract
Depuis les années 1980, la question de la dégradation de l’environnement planétaire et des potentiels effets négatifs d’une recherche de croissance industrielle fondée sur la compétitivité et l’exploitation intensive des ressources est sortie des bureaux du Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) où l’on en discutait depuis les années 1970, pour finalement atteindre les sphères gouvernementales autres que celles discutant de l’industrie et de l’environnement, et en particulier celles de la défense et de la géostratégie...
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- 2015
19. After Snowden. Rethinking the Impact of Surveillance
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Didier Bigo, Vivienne Jabri, David Lyon, Robert Walker, Paulo Augusto Esteves, Elspeth Guild, Zygmunt Bauman, University of Leeds, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), King‘s College London, Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
- Subjects
National security ,Latin Americans ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Public administration ,Centre for Migration Law ,Centrum voor Migratierecht ,Politics ,050602 political science & public administration ,Sociology ,Diplomacy ,media_common ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Human rights ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,16. Peace & justice ,Obedience ,Democracy ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,Law ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY ,PRISM (surveillance program) ,business - Abstract
Current revelations about the secret US-NSA program, PRISM, have confirmed the large-scale mass surveillance of the telecommunication and electronic messages of governments, companies, and citizens, including the United States' closest allies in Europe and Latin America. The transnational ramifications of surveillance call for a re-evaluation of contemporary world politics' practices. The debate cannot be limited to the United States versus the rest of the world or to surveillance versus privacy; much more is at stake. This collective article briefly describes the specificities of cyber mass surveillance, including its mix of the practices of intelligence services and those of private companies providing services around the world. It then investigates the impact of these practices on national security, diplomacy, human rights, democracy, subjectivity, and obedience.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Participation des militaires à la sécurité intérieure : Royaume-Uni, Irlande du Nord1
- Author
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Andy Smith, Didier Bigo, and Emmanuel-Pierre Guittet
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Ecology ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,lutte anti-terroriste ,16. Peace & justice ,050601 international relations ,0506 political science ,sécurité intérieure ,Insect Science ,contre-insurrection ,Doctrine militaire ,anti-terrorisme ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,militaires - Abstract
Cet article retrace l’histoire de l’intervention militaire britannique en Irlande puis en Irlande du Nord et vise à souligner les évolutions de l’approche générale adoptée par les militaires dans ce(s) territoire(s). L’armée, obéissant au pouvoir politique de Londres, s’en tient au discours officiel d’une aide aux pouvoirs civils mais développe en parallèle une doctrine d’emploi des forces qui s’apparente à la lutte antisubversive et à l’expérience de la décolonisation. En retraçant la manière dont les forces de l’ordre ont participé pleinement à faire évoluer des lois spéciales introduites au nom de la “lutte anti-terroriste”, cet article apporte un éclairage sur les interactions qui existent entre ces lois spéciales et dérogatoires, leurs interprétations et les pratiques des forces de sécurité en poste en Irlande du Nord. This contribution recounts the history of the British military intervention in Ireland and later in Northern Ireland, and aims at emphasizing the evolutions of the general approach adopted by the armed forces in this-these territory(ies). By obeying to London’s political power, the army followed the official discourse of an aid to the civil power, but simultaneously developed a doctrine closer to the counter subversive fight and the decolonisation experiences. By underlining how the British armed forces have participated to the evolution of emergency laws to « fight against terrorism », this article sheds light on the interactions between these emergency and exceptional laws, their interpretation and the practices of the British armed forces in Northern Ireland.
- Published
- 2012
21. Security, Surveillance and Democracy
- Author
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Didier Bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kirstie Ball, Kevin Haggerty, David Lyon, and Centre de recherches internationales (CERI)
- Subjects
050402 sociology ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,business.industry ,Corporate governance ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Appeal ,Resistance (psychoanalysis) ,Public relations ,Public administration ,16. Peace & justice ,Civil liberties ,The arts ,New media ,Democracy ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,Identification (information) ,0504 sociology ,Political science ,050602 political science & public administration ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Book abstract: Surveillance is a central organizing practice. Gathering personal data and processing them in searchable databases drives administrative efficiency but also raises questions about security, governance, civil liberties and privacy. Surveillance is both globalized in cooperative schemes, such as sharing biometric data, and localized in the daily minutiae of social life. This innovative Handbook explores the empirical, theoretical and ethical issues around surveillance and its use in daily life. With a collection of over forty essays from the leading names in surveillance studies, the Handbook takes a truly multi-disciplinary approach to critically question issues of: surveillance and population control; policing, intelligence and war; production and consumption; new media; security; identification; regulation and resistance. The Routledge Handbook of Surveillance Studies is an international, accessible, definitive and comprehensive overview of the rapidly growing multi-disciplinary field of surveillance studies. The Handbook’s direct, authoritative style will appeal to a wide range of scholars and students in the social sciences, arts and humanities.
- Published
- 2011
22. Logiques de marquage : murs et disputes frontalières
- Author
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Riccardo Bocco, Jean-Luc Piermay, Didier Bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre on conflict, development and peace building, Graduate Institute of International and Development studies (IHEID), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, Centre d'études et de recherches internationales (CERI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po (Sciences Po), The Graduate Institute, Geneva, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg 1 (ULP), and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
- Subjects
[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Ecology ,Insect Science ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,050703 geography ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science - Abstract
Dans le registre des frontières, le thème des marquages et des disputes fait référence à des situations chaudes, sinon brûlantes, souvent fortement médiatisées. Il évoque Israël et la Palestine, le Moyen-Orient, Berlin, l'Irlande du Nord, les ruptures entre le Nord et le Sud de la planète auxquelles se heurtent les migrants internationaux et toutes les frontières qu'Evelyne Ritaine liste dans sa contribution. Le Mur (sous-entendu, c'était une évidence, celui de Berlin) fut l'archétype de ces frontières vives 1. Peut-être n'a t-il été que le précurseur d'une forme spatiale renouvelée s'inscrivant de manière très novatrice dans la vie des sociétés. Les enjeux terminologiques et taxinomiques, souvent de véritables " appellations contrôlées ", sont en tout cas multiples, à la fois juridiques et symboliques, comme l'ont bien révélé le débat sémantique entre " mur " et " barrière " dans les Territoires palestiniens occupés, ou celui sur les softening strategies à Belfast - formes de banalisation des dispositifs de séparation - qui a finalement permis d'étiqueter ces derniers comme " peacelines " (...).
- Published
- 2009
23. Contrôle migratoire et libre circulation en Europe
- Author
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didier bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Christophe Jaffrelot, Christian Lequesne, and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
- Subjects
libre circulation ,migrations ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,050602 political science & public administration ,050207 economics ,Union européenne ,frontières ,contrôles ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science - Abstract
La libre circulation des biens, des capitaux, des informations, des services et des personnes figure au cœur du projet européen depuis le traité de Rome (1957). Les différentes interprétations du terme de regroupement familial par les cours européennes et le traité sur l’Acte unique de 1992 ont affirmé que la libre circulation concernait l’ensemble des personnes vivant sur le territoire de l’Union européenne, c’est-à-dire les citoyens des États membres mais aussi les ressortissants de pays tiers vivant régulièrement à l’intérieur des frontières de l’Union. Ceci a permis de différencier deux types de frontières de l’Union : les frontières dites intérieures et les frontières dites extérieures. Les accords de Schengen signés en 1985, leur convention d’application de 1990 et leur application en 1995 ont officiellement institué cette distinction en évoquant une levée des contrôles aux frontières intérieures, en contrepartie d’un renforcement des contrôles aux frontières extérieures.
- Published
- 2009
24. Critical approaches to security in Europe: a networked manifesto
- Author
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T. McCormack, Stephan Davidshofer, Didier Bigo, Emmanuel-Pierre Guittet, Thierry Balzacq, Luis Lobo-Guerrero, R. Van Munster, Christian Olsson, Y. Sahin Akilli, Ole Wæver, Maria Malksoo, Christian Bueger, K. Lund Petersen, Tugba Basaran, T. Villumsen, Holger Stritzel, Matti Jutila, Julien Jeandesboz, Andrew W. Neal, Xavier Guillaume, Claudia Aradau, Francesco Ragazzi, Michael Williams, Philippe Bonditti, Jef Huysmans, and Guillaume, Xavier
- Subjects
International relations ,Manifesto ,Collective intellectual ,Critical security studies ,Sociology and Political Science ,Sociology of IR ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Context (language use) ,Public administration ,Security studies ,050601 international relations ,0506 political science ,Critical theory ,ddc:320 ,Political Science and International Relations ,050602 political science & public administration ,Sociology ,Positive economics ,Minority rights ,business ,Risk management - Abstract
In the last decade, critical approaches have substantially reshaped the theoretical landscape of security studies in Europe. Yet, despite an impressive body of literature, there remains fundamental disagreement as to what counts as critical in this context. Scholars are still arguing in terms of ‘schools’, while there has been an increasing and sustained cross-fertilization among critical approaches. Finally, the boundaries between critical and traditional approaches to security remain blurred. The aim of this article is therefore to assess the evolution of critical views of approaches to security studies in Europe, discuss their theoretical premises, investigate their intellectual ramifications, and examine how they coalesce around different issues (such as a state of exception). The article then assesses the political implications of critical approaches. This is done mainly by analysing processes by which critical approaches to security percolate through a growing number of subjects (such as development, peace research, risk management). Finally, ethical and research implications are explored.
- Published
- 2006
25. Vers une nord-irlandisation du monde ?
- Author
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Emmanuel-Pierre Guittet, Didier Bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester [Manchester], and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Ecology ,exception ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,16. Peace & justice ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,sécurité intérieure ,nord-irlandisation du monde ,Insect Science ,050501 criminology ,surveillance ,suspicion ,lutte antiterroriste ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Irlande du Nord ,0505 law ,militaires - Abstract
Didier Bigo and Emmanuel-Pierre Guittet discuss Northern Ireland as the experience of a democracy in which politicians have infringed the State's legal frame in the name of an exceptional situation of violence. The authors thereby present Northern Ireland as a metaphor to understand the relationship between discourses in situations of exception and surveillance, and control military practices bringing a war like atmosphere to the country. Therefore, isn't Northern Ireland the early experience of suspicion, widening the scope of population and territory to be controlled, of time to be anticipated and finally of arbitrary coercion (murder or torture)? If the British policies in Northern Ireland are not the American global policies post 11-09, nor are they their origin or model. But one can nevertheless read this American policy through Northern Ireland as the economy of suspicion and derogation, where the logic of the subordination of national legal procedures to security imperatives does almost always lead to what one will later call " abuses ".; En discutant l'Irlande du Nord comme l'expérience d'une démocratie au sein de laquelle des hommes politiques ont dérogé au cadre légal de l'Etat de droit au nom d'une situation exceptionnelle de violence, Didier Bigo et Emmanuel-Pierre Guittet présente l'Irlande du Nord comme métaphore pour comprendre la relation entre discours d'exception et pratiques militaires de surveillance et de contrôle qui importent à l'intérieur même du pays un climat de guerre. L'Irlande du Nord n'est-ce pas alors, avant la lettre, l'expérience de la suspicion qui conduit à un élargissement des populations à surveiller, du territoire à quadriller, du temps à anticiper et finalement de la coercition arbitraire (assassinat ou torture)? Si la politique britannique en Irlande du Nord n'est pas la politique américaine après le 11 septembre 2001 à l'échelle globale, elle n'en est pas plus l'origine ou le modèle, mais on peut lire cette politique américaine à travers l'Irlande du Nord comme économie de la suspicion et de la dérogation où la logique de subordination du processus judiciaire national aux impératifs de sécurité entraîne quasi automatiquement ce que l'on nomme, toujours a posteriori, des " dérives ".
- Published
- 2004
26. Grands Débats dans un Petit Monde
- Author
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Didier Bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de recherches internationales (CERI)
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Ecology ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,théories de la sécurité ,02 engineering and technology ,menace ,16. Peace & justice ,050601 international relations ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,connaissance/ expertise ,Relations Internationales ,Insect Science ,(in)sécurité ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Comment analyser et nommer les entreprises qui " vendent de la sécurité ", au-delà du gardiennage et de la sécurité de la propriété privée des individus ? 1 Comment comprendre le phénomène de la " privatisation " de certaines fonctions dites régaliennes concernant les activités de police, de renseignement, de contrôle des personnes aux frontières, de vente d'armes, de conseil en stratégie et opérations " anti-subversives ", d'accompagnement de convois humanitaires en territoire " hostile ", de communication et de coordination des troupes en temps de guerre et in fine de troupes de combat appuyant les troupes ordinaires ? (...).
- Published
- 2003
27. De Tampere à Séville, vers une ultra gouvernementalisation de la domination transnationale ?
- Author
-
Elspeth Guild, Didier Bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research unit of the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), Center for European Policy Studies, and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
- Subjects
biopouvoir ,construction européenne ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Ecology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,050601 international relations ,Democracy ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,régionalisme et régionalisation ,Geography ,Relations Internationales ,Insect Science ,Political economy ,Law ,050602 political science & public administration ,Dissent ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,media_common - Abstract
De Tampere à Séville, nous avons entamé une crise en spirale de la représentation politique allant des espoirs des ONG dans Tampere aux désillusions de Laeken et Séville, en passant par la colère de l'après-Gênes. Cette crise engendre une légitimité toujours plus chancelante de l'Union ainsi qu'une délégitimation forte des décisions des sommets du G8. Mais cela semble paradoxalement renforcer la détermination des divers gouvernants à imposer leurs vues sur la sécurité et l'ordre mondial. Dès lors, la période contemporaine est riche d'événements divers scandés par les noms de villes des sommets, Tampere, Québec, Nice, Göteborg, Gênes, Laeken, Séville... et une date le 11 septembre, qui n'ont quasiment rien en commun en termes institutionnels, en termes de discussion sur des sujets particuliers, mais qui pourtant font sens ensemble (...).
- Published
- 2002
28. La voie militaire de la 'guerre au terrorisme' et ses enjeux
- Author
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didier bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Ecology ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,lutte anti-terroriste ,16. Peace & justice ,guerre ,Militaires ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,Insect Science ,050602 political science & public administration ,conflits internationaux ,prévention et préemption ,anti-terrorisme ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
This article aims at putting into question the American military response, as a war against terrorism, and at consequently analysing the implications of such a choice. Didier Bigo shows how war against terrorism is a dangerous incantatory and ritual formula if efficiency towards the enemy is more important than law and ethics. In this sense the risk is to enter into a mimetic rivalry in which everything is permitted as long as the enemy does it, and to develop, as a consequence, a judicial arsenal for exceptional measures and the legitimisation of inhuman practices (arbitrary detentions, torture...). Is the coercive option against terrorism the only possible one ? Didier Bigo answers negatively to this question by developing the risks of confusion between defence and security, of putting into balance defence and security while pretending that breaking into one of them for the profit of the other will not profoundly modify our societies.; Cet article propose de soumettre à la question la réponse militaire américaine de guerre contre le terrorisme et d'analyser par conséquent les implications d'un tel choix. Dans cet article, Didier Bigo souligne combien la guerre contre le terrorisme est une formule incantatoire et rituelle dangereuse dans la mesure où si l'efficacité face à l'ennemi prime sur le droit et l'éthique, le risque est alors de rentrer dans une rivalité mimétique où tout est permis si l'adversaire le fait et de développer par conséquent un arsenal juridique d'exception et la légitimation de pratiques inhumaines (internement arbitraire, torture,...). L'option coercitive contre le terrorisme est-elle la seule option possible ? Dans cet article, Didier Bigo répond par la négative et développe les risques qu'il y a à confondre défense et sécurité, et à mettre en balance sécurité et liberté et prétendre pouvoir écorner l'un au bénéfice de l'autre sans modifier en profondeur nos sociétés.
- Published
- 2001
29. Disparitions, coercition et violence symbolique
- Author
-
Didier Bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
- Subjects
060101 anthropology ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,répression ,Ecology ,05 social sciences ,06 humanities and the arts ,050601 international relations ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,violence ,sciences politiques ,Insect Science ,0601 history and archaeology ,invisible ,disparitions ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Nombre de pratiques coercitives1 ont déjà fait l'objet d'analyse sociologique et historique de qualité. Qu'il s'agisse des politiques de génocide2 ou qu'il s'agisse des exactions commises par les gouvernements à l'égard des minorités3. Mais, si les politiques d'extermination systématique ou d'exécutions sommaires pour appartenance à un groupe (social, ethnique, religieux, politique...) d'une part, et les "débordements" de la guerre d'autre part, ont retenu l'attention des chercheurs, peu a été dit sur les pratiques de "disparition" d'une manière comparative. Nous pouvons certes nous appuyer sur des études historiques et politiques solides concernant l'Amérique latine des années 70 (Chili, Argentine, Brésil) 4, mais qu'en est-il ailleurs ? Comment analyser les phénomènes de disparition en Afrique, au Sri Lanka, au Maroc ? Que dire sur ce qui se passe actuellement et quelles différences avec ce qui se passait dans les années 1970 ? (...).
- Published
- 1994
30. Les attentats de 1986 en France : un cas de violence transnationale et ses implications (Partie 1)
- Author
-
Didier Bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de recherches internationales (CERI)
- Subjects
sociologie des conflits (polémologie) ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,060101 anthropology ,Ecology ,05 social sciences ,06 humanities and the arts ,16. Peace & justice ,attentat ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,violence ,réseaux transnationaux ,Insect Science ,050602 political science & public administration ,0601 history and archaeology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The terrorist bombings that rocked France during 1985-1986 are not well known. The media and the politicians spoke of them at the time, but preferred not to refer to them later so as not to draw attention to their mistakes at the time. The author provides a detailed description of the events and the legal evidence implicating members of secret organisations on the basis of the court proceedings of the prosecution of Ali Fouad Saleh and his group, and numerous interviews with the officials concerned. In a second part, he evokes the different hypotheses concerning the participation of Hezbollah and the Iranians. Moreover, he presents an analysis that questions such views of terrorism as those based on " terror networks " or " indirect governmental strategies ". Rather he sees the causes in a transnational transfer of violence. This leads to a new transnational theory which should abandon the overtly simple concept of international terrorism.; Les attentats qui ont frappé la France en 1985/86 sont mal connus. Les médias, les hommes politiques en ont parlé sur le moment et ont ensuite évité de revenir sur les erreurs qu'ils avaient commises. Grâce au procès criminel du groupe Ali Fouad Saleh et grâce à de nombreux entretiens avec des responsables des services, l'auteur revient sur le déroulement exact des attentats et sur les preuves judiciaires impliquant les membres des organisations clandestines. Dans une deuxième partie il évoque les différente hypothèses possibles concernant la participation du Hezbollah et des Iraniens. Au-delà, il propose un schéma d'analyse qui remet en cause les visions du terrorisme en terme de " réseau de la terreur ", " stratégies indirectes d'Etats " et insiste sur la transnationalié des transferts de violence qui ont caractérisé ces attentats. A partir de ce cas d'espèce, c'est une autre théorie du " terrorisme " dit international qui est proposé.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Schengen et la politique des visas
- Author
-
Elspeth Guild, Didier Bigo, Research unit of the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), Center for European Policy Studies, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
- Subjects
construction européenne ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Ecology ,05 social sciences ,0507 social and economic geography ,police à distance ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,Visa ,Insect Science ,050602 political science & public administration ,050703 geography ,mobilité ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Le terme Schengen est maintenant habituel au grand public. Le nom de cette petite ville vinicole au carrefour entre la France, l'Allemagne et le Luxembourg est devenu le symbole des accords policiers entre la plupart des pays de l'Union. Signé en 1985, le premier accord de Schengen a réuni la France, l'Allemagne et les pays du Benelux autour d'une discussion sur les conditions de mise en place de la libre circulation des personnes et la collaboration policière nécessaire pour réduire un éventuel déficit de sécurité. Schengen a été décrit comme le " laboratoire " de l' Union. On y a vu une architecture de sécurité intérieure, une coopération renforcée avant la lettre entre les plus pro-européens, un outil de lutte contre la criminalité transfrontière, un moyen d'harmoniser les politiques contre l'immigration illégale et un moyen de coordonner les informations sur les étrangers en situation irrégulière. Les études qui ont été réalisées jusqu'à présent sur le système complexe de Schengen ont mis l'accent avant tout sur les enjeux juridiques posés par la discrétion du premier accord de Schengen en 1985, la signature de la Convention d'application de Schengen en 1990, sa mise en application effective en 1995 ainsi que son intégration au sein du traité d'Amsterdam de 1999 et l'apparition de la notion " d' acquis Schengen " (...).
- Published
- 1991
32. Guerres, conflits, transnational et territoire (Partie 1)
- Author
-
Didier Bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de recherches internationales (CERI)
- Subjects
sociologie des conflits (polémologie) ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Ecology ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,16. Peace & justice ,guerre ,territoire(s) et territorialité ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,réseaux transnationaux ,Relations Internationales ,Insect Science ,conflits ,050703 geography ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
ertaines formes contemporaines de la conflictualité ont modifié en partie l'économie de notre relation à la guerre sur le plan international ainsi que nos croyances sur les capacités des États à détenir le monopole de la violence légitime sur un territoire donné. Ces formes, ces modalités d'action datent au moins des années 1960 mais elles n'ont été considérées comme réellement menaçantes par les agences de la sécurité (services secrets, armées, polices) que depuis la fin de la bipolarité. Ainsi, entre le monde de la conflictualité et le monde de la sécurité, se pose le problème central de la construction sociale de la menace, c'est à dire la manière dont les agences de sécurité perçoivent à un moment donné les évolutions de la conflictualité et hiérarchisent d'une certaine manière ce qui est à leur yeux important, de ce qui est de l'ordre naturel des choses. Cette approche constructiviste ou intersubjective est souvent peu utilisée par les analystes de la défense et des conflits qui ont tendance à croire majoritairement qu'il existe une représentation objective du monde social (des conflits) qu'il suffit de décrire le plus exactement possible afin de déterminer des chaînes causales permettant de prédire et de prescrire des comportements. Nous faisons ici l'hypothèse que les " discours sur le nouvel ordre ou le désordre international " ne reflètent pas forcément les évolutions de la conflictualité. Il existe une semi-autonomie du monde de la sécurité à l'égard des évolutions de la conflictualité1 (...).
- Published
- 1991
33. Online Surveillance, Censorship, and Encryption in Academia
- Author
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M. I. Franklin, Becky Kazansky, Leonie Maria Tanczer, Didier Bigo, David Lyon, Lucas Melgaço, Stefania Milan, Ronald J. Deibert, University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Toronto, Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), ASCA (FGw), Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Criminology, Crime & Society, and Law Science Technology and Society
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Higher education ,International studies ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Convention ,Political science ,050602 political science & public administration ,encryption ,media_common ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Internet ,business.industry ,academic freedom ,4. Education ,05 social sciences ,Academic freedom ,Censorship ,Public relations ,16. Peace & justice ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,Metadata ,Scholarship ,Political Science and International Relations ,surveillance ,The Internet ,censorship ,business - Abstract
The Internet and digital technologies have become indispensable in academia. A world without email, search engines, and online databases is practically unthinkable. Yet, in this time of digital dependence, the academy barely demonstrates an appetite to reflect upon the new challenges that digital technologies have brought to the scholarly profession. This forum's inspiration was a roundtable discussion at the 2017 International Studies Association Annual Convention, where many of the forum authors agreed on the need for critical debate about the effects of online surveillance and censorship techniques on scholarship. This forum contains five critiques regarding our digitized infrastructures, datafied institutions, mercenary corporations, exploitative academic platforms, and insecure online practices. Together, this unique collection of articles contributes to the research on academic freedom and helps to frame the analysis of the neoliberal higher education sector, the surveillance practices that students and staff encounter, and the growing necessity to improve our “digital hygiene.”; Internet y las tecnologías digitales se han tornado indispensables en el ámbito académico. Resulta prácticamente imposible pensar en un mundo sin correo electrónico, motores de búsqueda y bases de datos en línea. Así y todo, en esta era de dependencia digital, los académicos apenas demuestran un deseo de reflexionar sobre los nuevos retos que las tecnologías digitales han traído consigo a las profesiones especializadas. La inspiración de este foro fue una discusión planteada en una mesa redonda en el marco de la Convención Anual de 2017 de la Asociación de Estudios Internacionales, donde muchos de los autores del foro coincidieron en la necesidad de un debate crítico acerca de los efectos de las técnicas de vigilancia y censura en línea que enfrentan los académicos. Este foro contiene cincos reseñas relacionadas con nuestras infraestructuras digitalizadas, instituciones datificadas, corporaciones mercenarias, plataformas académicas explotadoras y prácticas en línea inseguras. En su conjunto, esta colección única de artículos contribuye a la investigación sobre la libertad académica y ayuda a enmarcar el análisis del sector neoliberal de la enseñanza superior, las prácticas de vigilancia con las que se encuentran los estudiantes y el personal, y la necesidad cada vez mayor de mejorar nuestra «higiene digital».; Internet et les technologies digitales sont devenus indispensables dans le milieu universitaire. Un monde sans e-mails, moteurs de recherche et bases de données en ligne est pratiquement impensable. Cependant, dans cette ère de dépendance digitale, le milieu universitaire ne semble pas préoccupé par les nombreux défis que posent les technologies digitales dans les professions universitaires. Cette tribune a été inspirée par le débat d'une table ronde lors de la Convention annuelle de l'Association d’études internationales de 2017, où un grand nombre d'auteurs dans l'assemblée ont convenu de la nécessité de lancer un débat critique sur les effets de la surveillance et des méthodes de censure en ligne sur le savoir universitaire. Cette tribune formule cinq critiques à l'encontre de nos infrastructures numérisées, des institutions pilotées par les données, des entreprises mercenaires, des plateformes universitaires abusives et des pratiques en ligne non sécurisées. L'ensemble des articles de cette collection unique contribue à la recherche sur la liberté universitaire et aide à encadrer l'analyse du secteur néolibéral de l'enseignement supérieur, les pratiques de surveillance rencontrées par les étudiants et le personnel et la nécessité grandissante d'améliorer notre «hygiène digitale».
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34. Critique De La Raison Criminologique
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Didier Bigo, Laurent Bonelli, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse Politique (GAP), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Institut des Sciences sociales du Politique (ISP), and Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)
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0508 media and communications ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Ecology ,Insect Science ,05 social sciences ,050602 political science & public administration ,050801 communication & media studies ,16. Peace & justice ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science - Abstract
Pour le sociologue ou le politiste français, l’expression même de « criminologie » sonne au premier abord comme un peu étrange et un peu ridicule. Pourquoi séparer des comportements – criminels en l’occurrence – de l’ensemble des relations sociales dans lesquelles ils sont encastrés et en faire un champ d’étude spécifique ? Si la criminologie se focalise seulement sur le crime, elle n’a guère plus de sens qu’une « anorexicologie », une « suicidologie » ou une « mariagologie », respectivement entendues comme sciences de l’anorexie, du suicide et du mariage. Si, en revanche, son ambition est de resituer le crime dans la fabrication et le maintien d’un ordre social et politique, pourquoi la distinguer de la sociologie ou de la science politique ? La question est volontairement naïve. Selon les pays, l’existence ou non de la criminologie comme discipline, de même que le sens qui y est donné dépendent de trajectoires historiques singulières dont il faut à chaque fois retracer les étapes...
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35. Sécurité et immigration
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didier bigo, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
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021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Ecology ,05 social sciences ,sécurité ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,Insect Science ,(in)sécurité ,050602 political science & public administration ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,immigration - Abstract
A distance d'une sociographie de l'immigration et d'une approche traditionnelle des études de sécurité, ce numéro se veut une contribution à la sociologie des transformations de l'Etat et à une réflexion vers les nouvelles modalités de la gouvernementalité. Il n'en est sans doute qu'un premier pas mais il ouvre une voie de recherche reliant les questions fondamentales de sociologie politique et les interrogations des internationalistes sur la sécurité et l'immigration. Il s'inscrit dans une ...
36. Ethnicity, State, and World-system: Comments on the Ways of Making History
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Didier Bigo
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021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Immigration ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Ethnic group ,02 engineering and technology ,0506 political science ,Nationalism ,Epistemology ,World-system ,Globalization ,State (polity) ,Political Science and International Relations ,050602 political science & public administration ,Position (finance) ,Sociology ,Social science ,Order (virtue) ,media_common - Abstract
Relating state, ethnicity, and globalization throughout history raises the question of the durability of concepts capable of transcending historical time in order to produce appropriate explanatory models. The article, which offers a critical commentary on the articles by Fred Riggs, Thomas Hall, Jonathan Friedman, and Majid Tehranian, shows the strength of long term ( longue durée) historical models to explain what appears “new” or a “return” to nationalism. The author discusses the position taken by the four authors concerning ethnic conflicts and immigration and concludes with the observation that natural history is an illusion.
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