1. Demonetization and digitalization: The Indian government's hidden agenda
- Author
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Jean-Michel Servet, Isabelle Guérin, Cyril Fouillet, ESSCA School of Management, France, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Graduate Institute of International and Development studies (IHEID), Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Point of sale ,Economic policy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,banking ,Demonetization ,India ,Library and Information Sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,computer.software_genre ,Mobile ,Management Information Systems ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,Policy implications ,0502 economics and business ,050602 political science & public administration ,Circulation (currency) ,050207 economics ,Financial inclusion ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,media_common ,Government ,Mobile banking ,Communication ,05 social sciences ,1. No poverty ,Digitalization ,Payment ,0506 political science ,Cashless ,Scale (social sciences) ,Rhetoric ,Business ,computer ,Information Systems - Abstract
The Indian demonetizations of November 2016 came at an entirely new scale to those of January 1946 and January 1978. This time around, the Narendra Modi government's measures applied to 86.4% of the banknotes and coins in circulation, the equivalent to 11% of GDP. Much analysis has been undertaken on the demonetization. This has largely been critical because of its disastrous consequences on local populations and the most deprived among them. Our paper adopts a different angle: it argues that demonetization has had a key impact on the digitalization of payments. We use data from the Reserve Bank of India from 2014 to 2020 to show that the demonetization period brought about a decline in Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) withdrawals. It equally boosted the adoption of digital means of payments, via Point of Sale Terminals (POS) and mobile banking. Since October 2016, the number of POS transactions has risen almost threefold, while the number of ATM transactions has decreased by almost one-fifth. The current government's rhetoric is to promote digitalization as a means of both formalizing the economy and protecting the poor. Its claim is unfortunately highly debatable.
- Published
- 2021
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