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Dans la litterature academique, les incubateurs ont ete decrits majoritairement de maniere normative et causale. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser la phase de demarrage d’une structure d’incubation en utilisant le cadre theorique du bricolage. Cette recherche vise a explorer comment les pratiques de bricolage peuvent permettre a des incubateurs en manque de ressources d’assurer leur survie dans un environnement fortement concurrentiel. La methode de recherche est qualitative et fondee sur une etude de cas en profondeur. Au total, 23 entretiens semi-directifs ont ete menes (quatre accompagnateurs et 19 porteurs de projet). Les resultats montrent que le bricolage est present dans les pratiques de selection et d’accompagnement. Ceci influence, au final, la strategie menee par l’incubateur.

International audience; New alternative forms of distribution and consumption are emerging in the food sector in response to the deficiencies of current market practices. The increase in alternative food networks, short chains and direct selling has led to the emergence of new forms of collective action. Collective farmer shops (CFSs) are small sales outlets created by groups of farmers that aim to sell local products with social motives of transparency, sustainable farming, food quality and the improvement of the producers’ livelihood. This research aimed to study the conditions under which these organisations maintain sustainable performance by achieving both social and economic goals. We developed a qualitative research protocol through 16 semidirected interviews with outlets engaged in an alternative food network in France. The results identify two groups that achieve social and economic performance and two groups that do not (only economic performance is achieved or none).

International audience; For a variety of reasons, strategic innovation in a microfirm's business model can be particularly challenging. One French company that specializes in the distribution of legal announcements and local economic news managed to use IT to not only reinvent its business model but also transform the rules of competition in its sector. Its experiences highlight the particular difficulties that small firms encounter when introducing new technology and the importance of training and creative alliances to ease both internal and external resistance to change. \textcopyright 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Highlights • This research explores the managers’ adaptation strategies resulting from BYOD usage by employees. • The authors operationalize and enrich the coping model of user adaptation (CMUA). • This research sheds light on the decisional processes in the adoption of coping strategies. • The impact of the CMUA constructs varies according to the pre- or post-implementation period. • This work helps managers for maximizing BYOD-related benefits and maintaining satisfactory corporate information security., The adoption of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), initiated by employees, refers to the provision and use of personal mobile devices and applications for both private and business purposes. This bottom-up phenomenon, not initiated by managers, corresponds to a reversed IT adoption logic that simultaneously entails business opportunities and threats. Managers are thus confronted with this unchosen BYOD usage by employees and consequently adopt different coping strategies. This research aims to investigate the adaptation strategies embraced by managers to cope with the BYOD phenomenon. To this end, we operationalized the coping model of user adaptation (CMUA) in the organizational decision-making context to conduct a survey addressing 337 top managers. Our main results indicate that the impact of the CMUA constructs varies according to the period (pre- or post-implementation). The coping strategies differ between those who have already implemented measures to regulate BYOD usage and those who have not. We contribute to theory by integrating the perception of BYOD-related opportunities and threats and by shedding light on the decisional processes in the adoption of coping strategies. The managerial contributions of this research correspond to the improved protection of corporate information and the maximization of BYOD-related benefits.

Cette recherche porte sur les determinants des comportements en securite de l’information (SSI) des dirigeants de PME, en distinguant les actions de protection des actions de soutien. Cet article vise a (a) identifier certains des facteurs qui influencent leurs comportements en SSI, (b) examiner la pertinence de la Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) pour expliquer le Top Management Support (TMS, c.-a-d. le soutien du dirigeant) et (c) mettre en evidence d’eventuels effets differencies selon les actions de protection et de soutien.Les resultats, provenant d’une etude quantitative (N=200), montrent que les construits de la PMT et l’influence sociale expliquent une part significative de la variance, mais exercent egalement des effets differencies : alors que les actions de protection sont prioritairement influencees par l’auto-efficacite, les actions de soutien des dirigeants sont essentiellement affectees par l’influence sociale des pairs (partenaires et concurrents) et des clients.Au niveau theorique, cette recherche etablit la pertinence de la PMT pour etudier les determinants du TMS dans le contexte de la SSI. Cette etude est egalement la premiere qui distingue ces deux types d’actions et offre ainsi de nouveaux elements de comprehension des comportements des dirigeants de PME en SSI. Pour les praticiens, nos resultats mettent en evidence que meme si les dirigeants n’agissent pas directement, il est important de prendre en consideration l’entourage professionnel du dirigeant de PME de maniere a developper ses actions de soutien.

Cultural and creative industries are gaining importance in Western economies. In these industries, as in several other business sectors, micro‐firms, i.e., firms that employ fewer than ten employees, are the predominant firm type. As these industries have become an integral part of most economies, the literature has started to explore the strategic behavior of cultural and creative micro‐firms. Although micro‐firms are characterized by certain specificities that can affect how likely they are to engage in external relationships, there is a dearth of knowledge concerning collaboration through strategic alliances in this specific context. Seeking to advance the understanding of partnerships between micro‐firms in cultural and creative industries, the purpose of this article is to reveal the specific motives for engaging in strategic alliances in this context. In doing so, we focus on six case studies of strategic alliances between micro‐firms in cultural and creative industries in France. Our results show that strategic alliances involving creative micro‐firms seek the reduction of overspecialization, target a high degree of quality of life and pleasure at work, and are envisaged only if there is trust and mutual support among the partners. Moreover, opportunism and necessity motivations guide the creative micro‐firms' decision to enter strategic alliances.

Jusqu’a present, la recherche dans le domaine des comportements en securite de l’information a ete majoritairement centree sur les employes de grandes entreprises. Cependant, les PME constituent un champ d’etudes pertinent car elles representent plus de 99% des entreprises en Europe et font face a des menaces en forte croissance touchant a leur securite. De plus, les dirigeants de PME jouent un role vital dans la protection des informations, au travers des actions qu’ils peuvent mettre en œuvre ou l’influence qu’ils ont sur leurs employes. Nous visons a contribuer a la recherche en securite de l’information, car peu d’etudes se sont interessees aux comportements des dirigeants, relatifs a la mise en place de mesures de protection de l’information. De plus, la litterature academique a montre que, particulierement dans un contexte de PME, le fait que le dirigeant soit proprietaire a une influence sur ses comportements. Les etudes portant sur les PME sont encore plus rares, d’autant plus si l’on s’interesse a l’influence de la propriete sur les comportements des dirigeants en matiere de securite de l’information. Ce papier presente une recherche empirique basee sur la theorie de la motivation a la protection (PMT) qui traite de la question de recherche suivante : « Quels facteurs peuvent expliquer les comportements relatifs a la protection des informations des dirigeants de PME ? » Nous avons mene une etude aupres de 292 dirigeants de PME, les donnees collectees ont ete analysees par la methode des moindres carres partiels (PLS). La litterature academique ayant montre que le comportement des dirigeants de PME est specifique, nous avons teste l’influence de la PMT sur deux sous-populations : les dirigeants proprietaires (n=183) et non-proprietaires (n=109). Nos resultats mettent en evidence des differences tres importantes et significatives entre ces deux sous-groupes. L’originalite de notre travail tient au fait qu’il constitue la premiere etude dediee aux comportements des dirigeants de PME en matiere de protection des informations, distinguant de plus les proprietaires des non-proprietaires. Notre principale contribution theorique correspond a la mise en evidence et a l’etude de cette population differenciee, a approfondir dans de futures recherches. L’implication manageriale majeure de notre travail est que, comme les facteurs qui sont a la base des comportements de protection des dirigeants-proprietaires sont presque en contraste total compares a ceux des dirigeants non-proprietaires, toute communication ou action devrait etre specifiquement adaptee a chacune de ces deux populations.

International audience; This article explores the extent to which the views of micro-firm owner-managers regarding growth and lifestyle issues affect their entrepreneurial behaviour. Semi-directed interviews were conducted with 79 owner-managers to inform a typology that consists of four owner-manager views associated with success, subsistence, hedonism and paternalism. This study investigates the differences in the behaviours associated with these four profiles. The representatives of only two types (success and paternalism) ‘want’ to grow; conversely, owner-managers of the other two types (hedonism and subsistence) do not. The findings show that micro-firm owner-managers are driven by varied and sometimes profoundly divergent views which will have substantial effects on a firm’s strategies and development.

International audience; (Full paper, but we work on enriched versions for journals) This study presents an empirical investigation of factors affecting SMB CEOs decision to improve or not their company's information security (ISS). We developed a research model by adopting the protection motivation theory (PMT) to investigate the effect of threat and coping appraisal on protective actions. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey with SMB CEOs. Prior studies using PMT have never been focused on SMB CEOs behavior, and we postulate that in SMBs where there is no CIO or even IT people, CEOs actions are of utmost importance for achieving a satisfying ISS.

International audience; The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation and the use of IS (information system) by micro-firms. Organizational bricolage approach is particularly relevant to treat this question. This theoretical framework provides a new perspective for IS literature. For this research, we focus on IS management to explore this field. Indeed, micro-firms are characterized by simple IS and low formalization. The owner-managers develop intuitive strategies based on subjective decisions. In order to better understand the modalities of bricolage in IS by micro-firms, we realized 64 semi-directive interviews with French owner-managers. Results show a distinction in the implementation process and the use of the IS.

International audience; This research examines the selection practices used by a small public incubator (SPI) and its strategic implications. SPIs generally depend on small cities and often face difficulties due to a lack of resources and inadequate competitiveness in comparison with well-equipped and more reputed incubators. The selection of projects is the keystone in the development of these small structures. We develop a qualitative approach based on a single case study. Representatives from all the incubated projects were interviewed, as well as all the managers and we performed a thematic analysis of the discourses. The in-depth study of the selection practices and the project portfolio reveals a paradox regarding the incubator’s strategic positioning objectives and the availability of resources. We conclude by discussing the strategic positioning of SPIs regarding in-house resources and the selection practices.

De nouvelles formes - alternatives - de vendre et de consommer se developpent dans la sphere alimentaire : circuits courts, groupements de consommateurs, AMAP (Associations pour le Maintien de l’Agriculture Paysanne). Parmi eux, les points de vente collectifs (PVC) ou magasins de producteurs proposent une mutualisation des outils de vente et un partage du temps de travail entre les producteurs, qui se regroupent dans un souci de transparence pour distribuer des produits locaux en vente directe. Ces organisations, au depart artisanales, sont aujourd’hui marquees par une grande diversite, que ce soit en termes de structure, surface de ventes, chiffre d’affaires ou fonctionnement. Cette recherche s’interesse a la durabilite des PVC. Il s’agit de comprendre dans quelle mesure la performance economique et la performance societale peuvent etre durablement compatibles. Pour cela, (1) elle propose une typologie des magasins de producteurs a travers l’etude du cas d’un reseau de magasins francais et (2) analyse les conditions de compatibilite de leurs objectifs de performance avec le maintien de valeurs alternatives fortes. La portee de cette recherche est ensuite discutee aux niveaux theorique et managerial.