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Recent advancements and economic feasibility have led to the widespread adoption of conversational digital assistants for everyday work. While research has focused on the use of these conversational assistants such as Siri, Google Assistant or Alexa, by young adults and families, very little work focuses on the acceptance and adaptability amongst the older adults. This SIG aims to discuss the use and benefits of these conversational digital assistants for the well being of older adults. The goals for this SIG are to: (i) explore the acceptance/adoption of voice-based conversational agents for older adults. (ii) explore anthropomorphism in the design of conversational digital assistants. (iii) understand triggers (scenarios of use) that can initiate the process of reminiscence thus leading to meaningful conversation. (iv) explore conversational User Experience. (v) explore the co-existence of non-conversational use cases.

Parents, along with teachers, play crucial roles in the academic development of children. Studies in the developed countries have found that parental engagement in the children's education is an important predictor for children's academic success. However, less is studied about how parents in a developing country context could engage in their children's education. The recent ASER report 2018 states that the quality of school education has gone down although there is a significant improvement in the enrollment in the last 5 years. In such a case, what supplementary support can the parents provide for better academic outcomes of the children? It is also interesting to investigate how much do the parent and the teacher know about the child's subject knowledge. Are they on the same tangent? Secondly, do the parents who are better engaged make a better academic assessment of the child? We did a baseline study with 6 teachers and 22 parents whose children study in 6th standard in a Odia medium school in Khordha, Odisha. We compared the self-reported assessments by the parents and the teachers about the child's understanding of a particular subject through Likert-scale questionnaires. We also compared them with the actual test scores of the children obtained from the school. We found that there is a medium correlation between the assessment by the parents and that by the teachers. The correlation between the parent's subjective assessment and the child's actual test score was found to be poor. Surprisingly, we also found the same for teacher's subjective assessment and the child's actual test score. We discuss several qualitative insights for these results. Also, we provide potential design implications for better parental engagement in the developing country context.

This paper explores the use of conversational speech question and answer systems in the challenging context of public spaces in slums. A major part of this work is a comparison of the source and speed of the given responses; that is, either machine-powered and instant or human-powered and delayed. We examine these dimensions via a two-stage, multi-sited deployment. We report on a pilot deployment that helped refine the system, and a second deployment involving the installation of nine of each type of system within a large Mumbai slum for a 40-day period, resulting in over 12,000 queries. We present the findings from a detailed analysis and comparison of the two question-answer corpora; discuss how these insights might help improve machine-powered smart speakers; and, highlight the potential benefits of multi-sited public speech installations within slum environments.

The aim of this theoretical note is to highlight some open challenges in supporting the design for emergent users. This preliminary note first situates the emergent user at the nexus of three main recent HCI trends: cultural/cross-cultural computing; HCI4D/ICT4D and postcolonial computing. Further based on a literature survey, it then highlights five interrelated challenges ranging from the need for the supporting the mental models of the emergent users to the devising of intermediate conceptual structures that support the activity of design.

Can a reasonably robust speech recognition engine improve text entry speeds in Indian languages in spite of the time spent by users in correcting errors? We investigate this question in this paper. We conducted a within-subject longitudinal study to evaluate performance of keyboard-only input and keyboard+speech input for Hindi with 20 novice users. We found that keyboard+speech input is 2.5 times faster than keyboard input. Results also showed that the difference in performance was lower for phrases picked from poems, songs and phrases that used less frequently used words. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first study that compares performance of these two input modalities in an Indian language.

Over several years, our team has been involved in participatory design of novel future technologies with people in resource-constrained contexts in India and Kenya. A key motivator is to include these groups, who often have lower literacy, infrequent access to data connections, low exposure to technology, and other constraints, in the process of shaping and appropriating devices and services. This is in contrast to what typically happens in such regions, where technologies from traditional markets (e.g., in USA and Europe) "trickle down" after several years. In this case study, we explore the potential and barriers of one such new platform - the Physical Web In resource-constrained contexts in Mumbai and Nairobi. The Physical Web is an open source Bluetooth-based beacon system, which aims to provide quick and seamless interaction with physical objects over a web platform. Our goal is to understand how this emerging technology might provide local small enterprise traders in these regions with the facility to quickly and easily create and distribute a simple online presence via a local broadcasting medium. In this case study we discuss the design rationale for the approach in terms of how it might address issues around users' resource constraints, and present initial findings from deployments in the two locations.

Many users value the ability to have quick and frequent sight of their mobiles when in public settings. However, in doing so, they expose themselves to potential risks, ranging from being targets of robbery to the more subtle social losses through being seen to be rude or inattentive to those around them. In nature, some animals can blend into their environments to avoid being eaten or to reduce their impact on the ecosystem around them. Taking inspiration from these evolved systems we investigate the notion of chameleon approaches for mobile interaction design. Our probes were motivated, inspired and refined through extended interactions with people drawn from contexts with differing ranges of security and privacy concerns. Through deployments on users' own devices, our prototypes show the value of the concept. The encouraging results motivate further research in materials and form factors that can provide more effective automatic plain-sight hiding.

This paper presents the results of a within-subject longitudinal evaluation on Inscript keyboard, which is the national standard layout for Indian scripts. We studied the practical upper bound speed and accuracy as well as the effect of practice. Through longitudinal transcription task of 400 repeated attempts, we observed typing speeds for highly experienced users consistently peak close to 120 cpm i.e. 2.5 times that of fastest speeds reported in literature. Our analysis compared the lower bound times for Tap, Tap+LongPress and Shift+Tap, the three text input mechanisms in this keyboard. Among the two alternative methods, our findings established Tap+LongPress method to be faster than Shift+Tap method and almost equally accurate. Also, we derived a model which explains the influence of corrected errors and number of practice attempts on the typing speed.

The SIGCHI EC has articulated the following 10 values. Specifically, these are instrumental values: They are our preferred methods of behavior. They are not an end goal, but they translate into a means by which an end goal is accomplished.

Mainstream mobile interactions are focused around individual devices, with any collaboration happening via `the cloud'. We carried out design workshops with emergent users, revealing opportunities for novel collocated collaborative interactions. In this paper we present Better Together - a framework for disaggregating services, splitting interaction elements over separate mobiles. This distribution supports both sharing of resources (such as screen real-estate, or mobile data); and, scaffolding of inclusive interaction in mixed groups (e.g., in terms of literacy or prior technology exposure). We developed two prototypes to explore the concept, trialling the first---collocated group-based shopping list making---with emergent users in South Africa and India. We deployed the second probe, which splits YouTube into its constituent parts across separate mobiles, in a longitudinal study with users in Kenya, South Africa and India. We describe the concept and design process, and report on the design's suitability for emergent users based on our results.

This paper describes the insights gained from user studies conducted with less-literate smartphone users in the context of Usable Smartphone Information Security. For the purpose of this study, we present the analysis and findings from 70 users. 37 users were selected using convenient sampling from a metropolitan city and 33 from a nearby town. We report findings on PINs and Pattern passwords, Phone as an Information Device and as a Commodity, Asset Valuation, Risk Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Mitigation, Password Management, Privacy, amongst others.

Mobile and ubiquitous computing researchers have long envisioned future worlds for users in developed regions. Steered by such visions, they have innovated devices and services exploring the value of alternative propositions with and for individuals, groups and communities. Meanwhile, such radical and long-term explorations are uncommon for what have been termed emergent users; users, that is, for whom advanced technologies are just within grasp. Rather, a driving assumption is that today's high-end mobile technologies will "trickle down" to these user groups in due course. In this paper, we open the debate about what mobile technologies might be like if emergent users were directly involved in creating their visions for the future 5---10 years from now. To do this, we report on a set of envisioning workshops in India, South Africa and Kenya that provide a roadmap for valued, effective devices and services for these regions in the next decade.

With the objective of designing an accessible date picker, we heuristically evaluated features of 14 date-picking widgets / calendar for accessibility by visually impaired users. We found accessibility problems with most products. We did a comparative evaluation of various parts of products to understand the relative accessibility of the default views, the month selection interfaces and a far-away date selection interfaces with 12 blind users. We found that a brief introduction of about two minutes was enough for users to be able to successfully perform all tasks. With the exception of month selection interfaces, the differences in time taken and user rating was not significant. We also learnt about several design issues that were relevant to the design of date pickers. All these issues will help us to build an accessible date picker that can be used by many applications on smartphone.

In this paper, we aim to relate the design of WhatsApp with its adoption in developing countries and inform the design of future products. In the last two and a half years, a large number of 'emergent users' in India, have adopted WhatsApp. They have been able to do 'account holding' tasks with a greater ease, which means they establish social online identities, manage off-line communication, share and forward content, and create and join groups with less difficulty. WhatsApp has certain design based advantages over the conventional account holding applications whose adoption is not easy by the emergent users because ofcertain barriers. These barriers arise due to user characteristics like lack of technology exposure andlow levels of education and income. We used User-Usage model as a theoretical lens to understand how design features of WhatsApp may have helped the emergent users overcome the common barriers. This analysis was supported with the findings of contextual interviews done with 108 emergent users to understand their WhatsApp usage. We found that simplification of registration process and interaction mechanisms, reduction of choices, freeing users from cognitively intensive chores and sacrificing features that were less relevant in users' contexts were some of the ways through which the design of WhatsApp managed to remove barriers in adoption. This study helps us identify the design choices that could make other applications easier to adopt by the emergent users.

The Azim Premji Foundation has created a repository of educational CDs based on various state curricula for bringing technology-based learning to schools, specifically schools in rural areas. This initiative is expected to meet several objectives, primarily: (a) to attract children to schools; (b) once attracted to school, sustain their interest in attending school; and (c) ensure effective learning by providing relevant and compelling content. Evaluating the first two objectives is an ongoing process, made possible through direct measures— tracking enrolments and dropouts. However, to ascertain learning effectiveness of the CDs, an objective analysis and evaluation of the product was needed. In this article we share our experience of using the heuristic evaluation technique to evaluate the CDs and the extended Garrett's model of user experience for organizing the findings of each CD into clear action lists for redesigning existing CDs and designing others in the future.

Previous research has established that users form mental models of web page layout. Bernard (2001, 2002) demonstrated that users expect web objects to be located in specific places on a web page. Further research has attempted to evaluate users' expectations on a global level (Bernard & Sheshadri, 2004). Th3 study discussed in this paper used a similar methodology on students at an Indian university in Mumbai in order to determine the structure of the Indian user's mental model for web page layout. India is one of the fastest growing Internet user markets in the world. With a predicted 100 million users by 2007, it is essential to get a better understanding of the Indian user. This paper graphically identifies the expected location of five web objects (back to home link, about us link, site search engine, internal links, and advertisements) commonly found on informational websites. Suggestions for overall page layout are also provided.

Part 5: Personalisation and Visualisation; International audience; We introduce the grab 'n' drop toolglass, an extension of the toolglass bi-manual interaction technique. It enables users to create and configure their own toolglasses from existing user interfaces that were not designed for toolglasses. Users compose their own toolglass interactions at runtime from an application's user interface elements, bringing interaction closer to the objects of interest in a workspace. Through a proof-of-concept implementation for Mac OS X, we show how grab 'n' drop capabilities could be added to existing applications at the toolkit level, without modifying application source code or UI design. Finally, we evaluate the power and flexibility of this approach by applying it to a variety of applications. We further identify limitations and risks associated with this approach and propose changes to existing toolkits to foster such user-reconfigurable interaction.

Part 5: Case Studies; International audience; This work discusses the affordances of the textbook in current classroom scenarios, and identifies the need to design learning media that support dynamism and enaction, specifically in science education. We illustrate this by a learning tool we’ve developed - Vector canvas, an AR based application linked with the textbook and the curricula. This is a work in progress attempting to observe and articulate changes in learning practice brought by introducing mixed media.

This paper describes our research investigating the perception of difficulty in video games, defined as players’ estimation of their chances of failure. We discuss our approach as it relates to psychophysical studies of subjective difficulty and to cognitive psychology research into the overconfidence effect. The starting point for our study was the assumption that the strong motivational pull of video games may lead players to become overconfident, and thereby underestimate their chances of failure. We design and implement a method for an experiment using three games, each representing a different type of difficulty, wherein players bet on their capacity to succeed. Our results confirm the existence of a gap between players’ actual and self-evaluated chances of failure. Specifically, players seem to underestimate high levels of difficulty. The results do not show any influence on difficulty underestimation from the players gender, feelings of self-efficacy, risk aversion or gaming habits.

Part 1: Adaptive Design and Mobile Applications; International audience; As new technologies emerge, so do new ways of interacting with the digital domain. In this paper, the touch interaction paradigm is challenged for use on large touch displays of 65 in. in size. We present a gesture elicitation study with 26 participants carried out on twelve actions commonly used on touch displays. The results and analysis of 312 touch gestures revealed agreement rates for each action. We report several findings including the results of a set of ten unique (and a few secondary) gestures, a taxonomy classifying the defined gestures, a pilot study on the defined gestures, and explicit design implications. We discuss the results and include several important factors for future considerations. We aim at helping future designers and engineers to design interactions for large touch displays.

Part 8: Interactive Posters; International audience; Amazon recently opened its first intelligent retail store, which captures shopper movements, picked-up products and much more sensitive data. In this paper we present a privacy UI, called URetail, that returns to the customer control over his own data, by offering an interface to select which of his private data items should be disclosed. We use a radar metaphor to arrange the permissions with ascending sensitivity into different clusters, and introduce a new multi-dimensional form of a radar interface called the privacy pyramid. We conducted an expert interview and a pilot study to determine which types of data are recorded in an intelligent retail store, and grouped them with ascending sensitivity into clusters. A preliminary evaluation study shows that radar interfaces have their own strengths and weaknesses compared to a conventional UI.

Part 2: Methods and Tools for User Interface Evaluation; International audience; Worth Maps (WMs) are promising because they model interactive systems following different perspectives. Consequently, WMs support design in many ways. ARROW was introduced to provide designers with a systematic approach to worth mapping. However, the framework currently remains untested, which raises open questions about general applicability and relevance. In this work, we operationalize ARROW in additional design cases. With insights gained from the operational experience, we propose ARROWS (for ARROW-Support) as a refinement of the initial framework. ARROWS was assessed via a workshop with designers. Results highlight the need for appropriate resources supporting worth mapping. In order to fulfill this need, we have created and released a website providing designers with knowledge on ARROWS and WMs that follows a more practically oriented perspective.

Part 6: Courses; International audience; Involving a wide variety of end users and in particular those with a disability or who are older when designing web pages and apps requires a good understanding of how to involve those end users, assistive technology, and evaluation methods. This course will introduce the basics of assistive technologies built into using mobile phones and describe major barriers in web pages, and how to analyze them with end users. It will also outline a range of appropriate tools to use in this work.

Part 5: Case Studies; International audience; This paper presents a case study on the design of spatiotemporal interactive visualizations of movies, both collections and contents, to provide enhanced support for conveying meaning and for browsing, targeting casual and professional users, with encouraging results for future research and adoption.

Part 7: Design Rationale and Camera-Control; International audience; Interaction design is a complex and challenging process. It encompasses skills and knowledge from design in general as well as from HCI and software design in particular. In order to find better ways to support interaction design and propose methods and tools to further the research in this area we must first better understand the nature of interaction design in practice. In this paper we present two small case studies which attempt to analyse design and decision-making through the lens of one particular theoretical framework. The framework seeks to focus design activities via its artifacts and the design spaces that exist in order to support reasoning about the process and the evolution of the artifacts. Our case studies show that we can use such a framework to consider real-world design projects, and also that there are further considerations that might usefully be included in such a framework.

Part 9: Field Trips; International audience; We proposes a field trip to understand how older adults in India construct and maintain informal support networks. The aim of the study is to get a nuanced view on older adults’ practices of receiving from and providing support to peers, family, friends, and neighbors. Group discussions and collaborative photography will be applied to investigate. Findings will be interpreted to understand implications for how to design for support.

Part 3: UX Adoption in the Organizations; International audience; This paper examines the views of user experience (UX) professionals on the definitions of usability and UX, and compares the findings between countries and within different socio-cultural groups. A mixed-method analysis was employed on data gathered on 422 professionals through a survey in Turkey, Finland, Denmark, France, and Malaysia. Usability appears to be an established concept, respondents across all countries agreeing on the importance of the ISO 9241-11 definition. There is also a tendency that UX professionals attach organizational perspective to usability. UX professionals diverge when defining UX, and there are systematic differences related to socio-cultural conditions. UX professionals in Finland and France incline more towards the definition highlighting the experiential qualities, when compared to Turkey and Malaysia that incline towards the definition reflecting the ease of use, utility, attractiveness, and degree of usage. Further research should address the implications of the diverse meanings and contexts of usability and UX.

Part 6: Courses; International audience; This two-part course takes a practical approach to introduce the principles, methods and tools in task modelling. Part 1: A non-technical introduction demonstrates that task models support successful design of interactive systems. Part 2: A more technical interactive hands-on exercise of how to “do it right”, such as: How to go from task analysis to task models? How to assess (through analysis and simulation) that a task model is correct? How to identify complexity of user tasks.

Part 7: Pointing and Target Selection; International audience; Selecting commands is ubiquitous in current GUIs. While a number of studies have focused on improving rapid command selection through novel interaction techniques, new interface design and innovative devices, user performance in this context has received little attention. Inspired by a recent study which formulated information-theoretic hypotheses to support experimental results on command selection, we aim at explaining user performance from an information-theoretic perspective. We design an ad-hoc command selection experiment for information-theoretic analysis, and explain theoretically why the transmitted information from the user to the computer levels off as difficulty increases. Our reasoning is based on basic information-theoretic concepts such as entropy, mutual information and Fano’s inequality. This implies a bell-shaped behavior of the throughput and therefore an optimal level of difficulty for a given input technique.

Part 8: Interactive Posters; International audience; Although the issue of limited mobility affects a large portion of the population, current navigation systems working with roadway-based geodatabases are designed primarily for cars and therefore cannot efficiently help. Usage of the professionally created sidewalk-based geodatabase is a solution. However, the professional geographical “on-site reconnaissance” is labor demanding. In this poster, we report on results of preliminary research focused on a design of the gamified collection of accessibility attributes by non-expert crowd, which will reduce the data collection cost. Preliminary results suggest the feasibility of the approach supported by a proper guidance of non-experts and creativity of achieving precise measurements.

Part 4: Virtual Reality and Feeling of Immersion; International audience; This research addresses the issue of the memory-experience gap, the disconnect between momentary perceptions and post experience reporting as relates to HCI research methodologies and the study of immersive technology-mediated experiences in particular. The paper presents an overview of contemporary understanding of immersion and examines HCI methods that investigate participant experiences. We introduce Experience Probes, an integrated design and evaluation methodology that affords momentary reporting by blending states of reflection and immersion in a structured activity situated within the immersive experience. A pilot study is presented that examines an immersive soundscape installation and an Experience Probe enacted through participant-authored sound maps. The maps provide data for thematic analysis, and are coded for signs of self-perception and a sense of place to evaluate participants’ sensations of presence and immersion. Preliminary results are discussed in relation to the reality-virtuality continuum and suggest that the reflective act of reporting, and the experience of immersion within the soundscape installation are not mutually exclusive. This research seeks to extend HCI methods by overcoming the memory-experience gap in the evaluation of technology-mediated experiences.

In this paper we present a preliminary user study conducted on a walk-up-and-use musical instrument dubbed Collective Loops specifically designed for co-located collaborative interaction for the general public. The aim of this study was to verify that displaying all users’ choices in a shared interface would promote and facilitate user engagement in creative collaboration. Although the results do not confirm our hypothesis, the experiment allowed us to detect a more general design issue with such walk-up-and-use multi-display installations: striking the right balance between the different interfaces in order to release some of the users attention for the benefit of the collaborative process.

Part 1: Security and Trust; International audience; In this paper we investigate the question whether users’ personalities are good predictors for privacy-related permissions they would grant to apps installed on their mobile devices. We report on results of a large online study (n = 100) which reveals a significant correlation between the user’s personality according to the big five personality scores, or the IUIPC questionnaire, and the app permission settings they have chosen. We used machine learning techniques to predict user privacy settings based on their personalities and consequently introduce a novel strategy that simplifies the process of granting permissions to apps.

Part 7: Design Rationale and Camera-Control; International audience; In the design process, designers make a wide variety of decisions that are essential to transform a design from a conceptual idea into a concrete solution. Recording and tracking design decisions, a first step to capturing the rationale of the design process, are tasks that until now are considered as cumbersome and too constraining. We used a holistic approach to design, deploy, and verify decision cards; a low threshold tool to capture, externalize, and contextualize design decisions during early stages of the design process. We evaluated the usefulness and validity of decision cards with both novice and expert designers. Our exploration results in valuable insights into how such decision cards are used, into the type of information that practitioners document as design decisions, and highlight the properties that make a recorded decision useful for supporting awareness and traceability on the design process.

Part 4: Information on Demand, on the Move, and Gesture Interaction; International audience; Interfaces based on mid-air gestures often use a one-to-one mapping between gestures and commands, but most remain very basic. Actually, people exhibit inherent intrinsic variations for their gesture articulations because gestures carry dependency with both the person producing them and the specific context, social or cultural, in which they are being produced. We advocate that allowing applications to map many gestures to one command is a key step to give more flexibility, avoid penalizations, and lead to better user interaction experiences. Accordingly, this paper presents our results on mid-air gesture variability. We are mainly concerned with understanding variability in mid-air gesture articulations from a pure user-centric perspective. We describe a comprehensive investigation on how users vary the production of gestures under unconstrained articulation conditions. The conducted user study consisted in two tasks. The first one provides a model of user conception and production of gestures; from this study we also derive an embodied taxonomy of gestures. This taxonomy is used as a basis for the second experiment, in which we perform a fine grain quantitative analysis of gesture articulation variability. Based on these results, we discuss implications for gesture interface designs.

Part 5: Co-design Studies; International audience; Financial literacy can play an important role in supporting the livelihood of the poor. Sri Lanka, being a country that aims to become a knowledge economy, has started to integrate the use of technology in its primary education. This paper presents a case study from a Co-Design activity with primary school children in rural Sri Lanka to ideate designing of mobile applications to engage primary school students in financial literacy. Three workshops were conducted spanning over two months based on the bonded design method. Techniques involving bags of stuff, storyboarding and stickies were utilised to support idea generation. Two themes; shopping and transporting were prominent among the final designs. From the findings of this paper, we discuss the design inspirations of the study and the impact that scaffolding practices had on the outcomes of the study. Finally, we lay out some initial guidelines to follow when conducting co-design workshops with rural and resource constrained children in Sri Lanka.

Part 5: Case Studies; International audience; Beside decreasing the abilities, individual difference prevails among older adults, as some individuals are completely healthy at the age 90 while some are not at even 60. In context of touchscreen interface design, it is critical to understand the design space as a function of abilities. In this work, we articulate a better understanding of the effects of ageing and examine their HCI task performing capabilities in terms of interfaces design. We design a text-entry interface in particular, as ageing users often achieve slow text entry performance, thus proving to be a bottleneck for technology use. Our developed text entry interface is tuned based on the parameter values for Elderly having finger tremor. We present initial study results showing the improvement of the accuracy of touch typing in smartphone over the baseline Qwerty keyboard. By carefully considering other sensorimotor abilities, we believe that the current smartphone text-entry interface designs will become more usable to the ageing populations.

Part 3: Multitouch Interaction; International audience; Defining the form factor and setup of surfaces, i.e., their size, position , and orientation, is one of the first decisions made when designing multi-surface environments (MSE). To support these choices, we conducted a study on how the orientation of a large display used alongside tablets impacts collaboration. Previous research involving only one interactive surface shows that display orientation changes how people interact with the display, the way they position themselves, or look at each other. Our study shows that in a MSE setting, the orientation of a large surface has a different impact: (1) it nuances previous results showing that horizontal surfaces are better for collaboration. (2) it impacts the way activities are conducted. The horizontal condition leads to more implicit coordination and balanced interaction with the large display, but to less structured work, while in the vertical condition, group coordination is more explicit and is structured around one main interactor. Compared to previous work, we also propose a more structured, comprehensive and detailed analysis grid for collaboration in MSE. Finally, based on our results, we derive recommendations for MSE design.

Part 2: Social Media and Design Innovation; International audience; We present Breathing Friend – a portable and tangible device that uses haptic interaction to unobtrusively stimulate mindful breathing as efficient stress coping method. Its design is optimized for holding in user’s hands. By changing its shape, it sends haptic signals to the user. Several studies were conducted where we explored and verified the form factors of the artifact, interaction methods, therapeutic effect, fitting to everyday life, and influence on the breathing pattern.

Part 7: Pointing and Target Selection; International audience; Movement time in Fitts’ law is usually considered through the ambiguous notion of the average of minimum movement times. In this paper, we argue that using two distinct metrics, one relating to minimum time and the other relating to average time can be advantageous. Both metrics have a lot of support from theoretical and empirical perspectives. We also give two examples, one in a controlled experiment and the other in a field study of pointing, where making the minimum versus average distinction is fruitful.

Part 3: Human Perception, Cognition and Behaviour; International audience; The discussion of color in HCI often remains restricted to issues of legibility, aesthetics or color preferences. Little attention has been given to the emotional and semantic effects of color on digital content. At the example of black and white, this paper reviews previous studies in psychology and reports an experiment that investigates the influence of black, white and gray user interface backgrounds on the perception of sentiment in chat messages on a social media platform (Twitch.tv). Of sixty-seven participants, those who rated the messages against a black background perceived them more negatively than those who worked against a white background. The results suggest that user sentiment perception can be influenced by interface color, especially for ambiguous textual content laced with irony and sarcasm. We claim that this knowledge can be applied in persuasive interaction and user experience design across the entirety of the digital landscape.

Part 8: Interactive Posters; International audience; Bringing interactivity and effectiveness of teaching in the classroom is always challenging especially in the developing countries. Previous studies show best practices of smart technologies in the classroom.This research was conducted to develop an efficient and low-cost solution for teachers in managing the higher number of students, assessing progress and increasing student engagement in the classroom. We developed My Class Manager; a Smartphone application for quiz and paper marking, audio quiz for native language learning and performance management throughout the semester. We conducted a series of five evaluations of three classes of sizes 30, 35 and 40. Results of the evaluations show an increasing interest of students in the classroom, improved class engagement & attentions. It creates a time-efficient learning environment.

Part 2: Social Media and Design Innovation; International audience; Self-monitoring technologies (such as heart rate monitors and activity trackers) that sense and collect physical activity data are becoming increasingly common and readily available. These devices typically represent the captured data using numbers and graphs that primarily appear on digital screens. More recently, representing data in a physical form such as 3D printed physical artifacts is gaining currency within HCI, owing to the engagement opportunities that come with physical representations. However, there exists a limited understanding of how to design such physical representations of personal data. To contribute to this understanding, we present a set of ten design themes, developed from the analysis of two independently designed systems that construct 3D printed physical artifacts from physical activity data. Each design theme describes a unique design feature that designers could incorporate in their design to make physical representations more engaging and playful. We envisage that our work would encourage and guide designers to think about different ways of supporting physical activity experiences.

Part 8: Interactive Posters; International audience; In this poster, we are addressing the topic of “system’s evaluation” from the point of view of assessing the usability of a gamified experience with 20 teenagers aged 15–17 years. The currently tested experience was ideally designed for children 9–10 years. In order to adapt the application to teenagers, we tested it with 20 targeted users. In this poster, we share the results and encourage a discussion among the researchers about how to adapt the gamified experience designed for children to a teenage audience.

Part 6: Persuasive Technology and Rehabilitation; International audience; In this paper, we present a HRI study that reports on the potential of NAO as a socially assistive robot in Pakistan. Our findings generated through interviewing 2 parents and 5 teachers on the plausibility of using NAO robot as an interaction partner show that both groups welcomed the use of NAO at schools. They, however, were sceptical due to missing NAO’s facial expressions and certain body parts such as nose and lips. They also emphasised the importance of creating natural text to speech interface for the Urdu Language. Our findings taken from 7 autistic children to measure their level of social interaction during HRI revealed that children positively engaged with the NAO robot and showed a significant number of both verbal and non-verbal behaviours.

Part 7: Demonstrations; International audience; Though many computer games have recently become accessible for gamers with visual impairments, these players still face difficulty in manipulating game characters and acquiring visual information. It is true that although an increasing number of games for visually impaired people called audio games are being developed, many of these games cannot satisfy their basic needs because of the shortage of contents and are difficult for sighted people because of no visual information. Based on this situation, we have been developing accessible games for visually impaired people that feature enriched materials and multimodal information presentation. However, the needs of real-time action on accessible games remain unsolved. In this article, our objective is to develop an inclusive side scroller game with high real-time performance and accessibility functions for visually impaired people, and be available to play with more than one person including sighted persons.

Part 6: Persuasive Technology and Rehabilitation; International audience; In human-computer interaction (HCI), advances of information and communication technology have led to a wealth of Persuasive Technology (PT) researches to support people’s behaviors change. Many PT theories have been widely used for design analysis and are supposed to be useful for PT design. However, very limited effort has been taken to bridge the gap between PT theory and design practice. In this paper, we present the formative study of Perswedo, a card-based tool that introduces persuasive principles from Persuasive Systems Design model to support the creative design flow. As an intermediate step to appropriate Perswedo cards to the design activities, we assessed the usefulness and value of Perswedo in the design process as well as the design implications of the cards through three design workshops. Our findings suggest further study to resonate PT theoretical work with design practice.