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The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of florfenicol (FFC) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in Ctenopharyngodon idella in vivo and in vitro. Head-kidney (HK) macrophages were pre-treated with 10 μg/mL LPS and then exposed to different concentrations of FFC to determine its in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Inhibitory effect of FFC on inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, as well as LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) production were assayed by ELISA. The expression level of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were investigated by RT-PCR. Expression level of TLR-related genes (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8) expression, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), transforming growth factor-b-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nucleus p65, NF-κBα (IκBα) were measured by RT-PCR after grass carp were treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg FFC/kg body weight for 3 days. Results from in vitro tests demonstrated that FFC dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, inflammatory factors NO and PGE 2 production in macrophages. In addition, iNOS and COX-2 expression levels decreased significantly as compared with LPS treated group. In vivo test demonstrated that treatment with FFC prevented the LPS-induced upregulation of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NO and PGE 2. The expression level of iNOS, and COX-2 in FFC-treated grass carp were also downregulated as compared with LPS treated fish. Besides, FFC blocked the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and then suppressed the phosphorylation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and degradation inhibitor of IκBα. Furthermore, administration of FFC inhibited the up-regulation of IRAK4, TRAF6 and TAK1 induced by LPS. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of FFC might be the results from the inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α expressions through the down-regulation of Toll/NF-κB signaling pathways.

A rapid method for the determination of residues of chloramphenicol in tilapia by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, and separated on a C18 column using methanol-water solution as mobile phase, and then detected under ESI- multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method showed a good linearity for the analysts over the range of 0.1-100μg/L. The detection limits were 0.10μg/kg. The recoveries ranged from 88.6% to 108% at spiked concentrations with the relative standard deviations lower than 5%. The results shows that this method has the advantages of easy to operate, fast to perform, with high sensitivity and accuracy, and it is suitable for detection of residues of chloramphenicol in tilapia.

The fermentation process of pineapple fruit wine was studied. The juice was inoculated with 5% (v/v) active yeast and held at 20 °C for 7 days. Total sugar and pH decreased while the alcoholic strength increased with increasing length of fermentation. The fermented fruit wine contains 2.29 g/L total acid, 10.2 % (v/v) alcohol, 5.4 °Brix soluble solids, pH 3.52. Pineapple wine detected 68 kinds of aroma components, including 34 esters, 13 alcohols. The ester material accounted for 52.25% of the main aroma components. The quality and sensory evaluation results indicated that pineapple fruit wine belongs to a kind of low alcohol wine, so it is easy to be accepted by the public.