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Background The long-term outcomes of primary single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) have never been reported in the literature. Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes after primary laparoscopic SADI-S (LSADI-S). Setting Single, private institute, United States. Methods Data from 750 patients who underwent a primary LSADI-S from June 2013 through November 2019 by 3 surgeons were retrospectively analyzed. Results Seven hundred fifty patients were included in the study. The mean age and preoperative body mass index were 49.3 ± 13.1 years and 50 ± 12.6 kg/m2, respectively. Follow-up was available on 109 patients (61%) at 5 years and on 87 patients (53%) at 6 years. Six patients did not have any follow-up. The average operative time and length of stay were 67.6 ± 27.4 minutes and 1.5 ± .8 days, respectively. The intraoperative, short-term, and long-term complication rates were 0%, 7.8%, 11.7%, respectively. The 30-day emergency room visit, readmission, and reoperation rates were .4%, 1.1%, and 1.1%, respectively. In total, there were 15 (2%) grade IIIb long-term complications unique to LSADI-S. Complete remission of type 2 diabetes was seen in 77% of the diabetic population. At 5 and 6 years, the mean change in body mass index was 17.5 ± 6.9 and 17.6 ± 6.4 kg/m2, respectively. The mortality rate was .5%. Conclusions LSADI-S is effective in this retrospective review in achieving good initial weight loss and weight maintenance. Although our data show acceptable nutritional complications, questions still remain because of the retrospective nature of the study.

The long-term effectiveness of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and single-anastomosis duodeno-ileostomy with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) is unknown. Compare the long-term outcomes. Single private institute, USA. Data from 1254 patients who underwent primary RYGB or SADI-S were used for a retrospective matched cohort. Data were obtained by matching every RYGB patient to a SADI-S patient of the same sex, body mass index (BMI), and weight. Only patients out 5 years and had at least one > 5-year follow-up visit were included. The matched cohort included 61 RYGB and 61 SADI-S patients. There was no statistical, demographic difference between the two groups. At 5 years, a 100% follow-up was available in each group. The intraoperative outcomes were significantly better with SADI-S. The 30-day readmission, reoperation, emergency department (ED) visits, and complication rates were statistically similar between the two groups. The long-term complication rates, Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb complications, and number of patients with more than one complication were significantly lower with SADI-S. Weight loss was significantly greater in the SADI-S group at 5 years. The long-term weight-loss failure rate was significantly higher in the RYGB group. The SADI-S procedure was associated with fewer reintervention through 6 years (14.7% patients vs. 39.3% patients, p = 0.001). Conversion or reversal of the procedure was required only in the RYGB group. There also was no significant difference in nutritional outcomes between the two procedures. This study showed that problems, including long-term complications, reinterventions, weight-loss failure, and conversion, were more often associated with RYGB than with SADI-S. The SADI-S may be considered one of the viable alternatives to RYGB.

Background Inadequate weight loss, weight recidivism, and device-related complications after an adjustable gastric banding (AGB) can be treated by a laparoscopic conversion to stomach intestinal pylorus-sparing surgery (SIPS). Objective The aim of the study was to analyze the midterm outcomes of revision SIPS surgery after failed AGB. Setting Private practice, United States. Methods This is a retrospective review of our prospectively collected data of patients who underwent laparoscopic conversion from AGB to SIPS surgery from June 2013 and February 2017 by a single surgeon in a single institution. Results Twenty-seven patients (1 stage: 22 and 2 stage: 5) underwent a laparoscopic revision of AGB to SIPS surgery. The mean ± standard deviation preoperative body mass index (BMI) before AGB was 47.5 ± 6.8 kg/m2, while the mean nadir BMI after AGB was 36 ± 7.7 kg/m2. The overall time to reoperation was 9.3 ± 8.7 and 5.6 ± 2.5 years in 1- and 2-stage conversion patients, respectively. The mean preoperative BMI before revision SIPS surgery was 46.7 ± 7 kg/m2. At 36 months, the patients had an average change in BMI of 20.9 units with 90% excess weight loss. A major complication occurred in 4 patients. Postoperatively, the fasting blood glucose, insulin, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and most of the co-morbidities were resolved or improved. Conclusion This study demonstrates that conversion of failed AGB to SIPS surgery is an effective approach to AGB failure.

Loop duodenal switch (LDS) can result in fat and starch malabsorption. In a small percentage of patients, a relevant qualitative and quantitative change in stools happens usually characterized by steatorrhea-like diarrhea. Bismuth subgallate (BS) has been marketed as a way to eliminate the odor associated with flatulence and bowel movements. The objective of this study is to see the efficacy and effect of BS on the quality of life (QOL) in patients undergoing LDS. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study was designed. Thirty-six patients who reported flatus and/or stool odor changes and have completed at least 6 months post-LDS were included. Patients participated in two treatment periods, each lasting for 1 week, separated by 1-week washout. Patients received 200 mg BS, 2 capsules per meal, or placebo for 1 week each. The Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) questionnaire was used to compare the QOL before the initiation of the therapy and after each treatment completion. Of 36 patients, 5 patients were lost to follow-up and 2 were withdrawn from the study. And 29 patients were included for final analysis. GIQLI scores obtained with BS treatment completion were significantly higher both overall (P = 0.007) and in the digestive domain (P

Single anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) is a modification of Roux-en-Y duodenal switch (RYDS). Long-term data on this operation is lacking in the literature. We reviewed our mid-term data of this RYDS modification. To analyze the outcomes with SADI-S at 4 years. Data from patients who underwent a primary SADI-S procedure performed by three surgeons at a single institution from June 2013 through February 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. All revision bariatric surgeries were excluded. Regression analyses were performed for all follow-up weight loss data. There were 437 patients in our database. The pre-operative mean body mass index (BMI) was 49.8 ± 8.8 kg/m2. The 30-day complication rate was 7.7%. The 30-day readmission, reoperation, and mortality rates were 1.8, 1.3, and 0.2%, respectively. The long-term complication rate was 10.9%. Seventy-nine patients were 4 years post SADI-S surgery and follow-up was possible for 44 patients (55.7%). At 4 years, patients had an average change in BMI of 18.1 ± 6 units with an excess weight loss (EWL) of 85.7 ± 27.3%. At 4 years, 97.6% patients were able to maintain HbA1c

For many years, the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) was considered a good balance of complications and weight loss. According to several short-term studies, single anastomosis duodenal switch or stomach intestinal pylorus sparing surgery (SIPS) offers similar weight loss to RYGB with fewer complications and better diabetes resolution. No one has substantiated mid-term complication and nutritional differences between these two procedures. This paper seeks to compare complication and nutritional outcomes between RYGB and SIPS. A retrospective analysis of 798 patients who either had SIPS or RYGB from 2010 to 2016. Complications were gathered for each patient. Nutritional outcomes were measured for each group at 1, 2, and 3 years. Regression analysis was applied to interpolate each patient’s weight at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months. These were then compared with t tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and chi-squared tests. RYGB and SIPS have statistically similar weight loss at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 36 months. They statistically differ at 18 and 24 months. At 36 months, there is a trend for weight loss difference. There were only statistical differences in nutritional outcomes between the two procedures with calcium at 1 and 3 years and vitamin D at 1 year. There were statistically significantly more long-term class IIIb-V complications, class I-IIIa complications, reoperations, ulcers, small bowel obstructions, nausea, and vomiting with the RYGB than the SIPS. With comparable weight loss and nutritional outcomes, SIPS has fewer short- and long-term complications than RYGB and better type 2 diabetes resolution rates.

Recently, a single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) has become increasingly popular for patients with BMI > 50 as a primary or staged surgery. Staging allows surgeons to do the sleeve gastrectomy (SG) first with the conversion only happening when a failure or technical challenge is identified. We present the mid-term outcomes of SADI bypass surgery after SG. A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospective database from four institutions. Ninety-six patients were identified from 2013 to 2018. Patients were divided into two groups: one had two-stage SADI because of insufficient weight loss, the second had planned two-stage SADI because of super obesity (BMI > 50 kg/m2). Incidence of complications was divided into 30 days. Of 96 patients, 3 patients were completely lost to follow-up. The mean age was 44.8 ± 11.3 years. There were no deaths or conversion to open surgery. The postoperative early complication and late complication rate was 5.3% and 6.4% respectively. At 24 months, group 2 had higher %weight loss (WL) and change in BMI units compared to group 1 with statistically significant difference. The average WL and change in BMI for entire patient’s population at 24 months after 2nd stage SADI was 20.5% and 9.4 units respectively. The remission rate for DM was 93.7% with or without the use of medication. The two-stage approach to SADI-S appears technically simpler than a single compromised operation. However, this approach needs more patients to understand its limitations.

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a novel weight loss procedure that reduces the size of the stomach using an endoscopic suturing device. There are severe adverse events that have been reported following ESG (Brethauer et al. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 6:689–94, 2010; Abu Dayyeh et al. Gastrointest Endosc. 78:530–5, 2013; Nava et al. Endoscopy. 47:449–52, 2015; Nava et al. Endosc Int Open. 4(2):E222–7, 2016). However, complications like gastric perforation following ESG have not been reported. This video presents a case with gastric perforation following ESG and its surgical treatment. A 44-year-old female patient with an initial body mass index (BMI) of 38 kg/m2 underwent an ESG. Her comorbidities include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). On postoperative day six, the patient presented with lower abdominal pain. The patient refused to get an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or laparoscopy done. An upper gastrointestinal series (UGI) was performed, and a large ileus was noted with no evidence of leak or free air. On postoperative day seven, a computed tomography (CAT) scan showed a large amount of free air and fluid throughout the abdomen and pelvis. The patient was taken to the operating room (OR) for an exploratory laparoscopy. Upon entering the abdomen, a large amount of pus and free fluid was noted. This was irrigated free from the abdominal cavity until it came back clear. We noted six sutures that went intraluminally to extraluminally and entered the anterior abdominal wall. These sutures were taken down until we found the perforation. A GIA stapler was placed over the perforation, and the defect was closed. The staple line was then imbricated. Once done with the imbrication, we spent a significant amount of time laparoscopically irrigating the abdomen with 12 L of fluid. In total, three drains were placed to assist with draining the abdomen. ESG is a feasible endobariatric option, but complications like gastric perforation can occur. For such complication, immediate surgical treatment is indicated.

The single-anastomosis duodenal ileostomy with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) is gaining popularity in the United States as an alternative to the gastric bypass for patients with a high body mass index (BMI) or who are less likely to succeed with a sleeve. While SADI-S has similar weight loss to the gastric bypass, the complication rate is significantly lower, allowing surgeons to perform SADI-S in an ambulatory surgical center with a 23-hour stay.To determine if SADI-S can be safely performed in an ambulatory surgical setting.Private practice.All SADI-S procedures performed from August 2015 to March 2019 at 2 bariatric centers were included in this study. Patients selection for SADI-S in the ambulatory surgical center required no end organ damage, no evidence of severe sleep apnea, and BMI55 for males and BMI60 for females. All data were gathered retrospectively from prospectively kept databases. Thirty-day complication rates were analyzed using the Clavien-Dindo scale to assess the safety of performing SADI-S in an ambulatory surgical center.Eighty-two patients were included in this study. The sample was 72% female with an average age of 46 and BMI of 45. All patients received planned intravenous fluid within 3 days after the procedure. There were 2 (2.4%) grade IIIb to V complications. There were no mortalities in this series.SADI-S can be performed safely in an ambulatory surgery 23-hour setting with appropriate patient selection, perioperative support, and enhanced recovery after surgery protocols.

Single anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) is a modification of the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) surgery. A concern with SADI-S is chronic diarrhea and hypoproteinemia. Common channel lengthening (CCL) is a surgical procedure to increase absorption in the small intestine to decrease diarrhea. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and treatment of hypoproteinemia and chronic diarrhea with CCL following SADI-S surgery. Private practice in the USA. Patients were included if they underwent SADI-S from September 2013 to March 2018 and following surgery underwent CCL. Average operating time for laparoscopic CCL is 56.5 ± 4.6 min. The average bowel movements for the eight patients before laparoscopic CCL were 9.1 ± 4.7 a day. After the surgery, the bowel movements were reduced to 2.6 ± 0.4 a day. This difference was found to be statistically significantly different (p = .002). The two patients experiencing hypoproteinemia improved protein levels following CCL. CCL is an effective way to treat symptomatic chronic diarrhea after SADI-S when conservative treatments have failed.

Background The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a very effective treatment for obesity and its related co-morbidities. However, some patients fail to achieve>50% of their excess weight loss (EWL), and others regain much of the weight that they lost. Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze early outcomes after conversion of RYGB to duodenal switch (DS) in terms of weight loss, change in co-morbidities, and complications. Setting This is a retrospective analysis from 1 surgeon at a single private institution. Methods We analyzed data from 32 obese patients retrospectively who underwent revision for failed RYGB. Nine patients underwent DS with Roux-en-Y reconstruction (RYDS), and 23 patients underwent single anastomosis DS between October 2012 and December 2015. Regression analyses were performed for all follow-up weight-loss data. Results The patients experienced mean EWL of 16.2% over an average of 16 years (range: 0–38) with their primary RYGB surgery. Of 32 patients who underwent revision DS , 22 patients are beyond the 1-year postoperative mark (follow-up 81.8%), and 15 patients are beyond the 2-year postoperative mark (follow-up 73.3%). One patient was lost to follow-up. The patients experienced mean EWL of 31.2%, 45.1%, 51%, 54.2%, 56%, and 56.4% at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively, after their revisional surgery. Mean total weight loss achieved at 12 and 24 months was 27.7% and 29.2%, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference in mean %EWL at 12 months ( P = .468) and 24 months ( P = .266) between RYDS and single anastomosis DS. Conclusion A laparoscopic revision from RYGB to DS is an effective weight-loss operation with midterm follow-up of 2 years. Though long-term follow-up is warranted to measure recidivism, the initial data seem favorable.

Background The optimal treatment of sleeve strictures has not been agreed upon at the current time. At our institution, we began using pneumatic balloon dilation to help resolve these obstructions in 2010. Herein we report our experience with pneumatic balloon dilation for the treatment of sleeve strictures. Methods From Jan 2010 to Dec 2016 we retrospectively reviewed our prospectively kept database for patients who developed a Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) stricture within 90 days of surgery. If the stricture was found, then we dilated all our patients initially at 30 mm at 10 PSI for 10-20 min (14.5 min average) and increased the balloon size (30-40 mm) and duration (10-30 min) in subsequent sessions if the first session was unsuccessful. Results The review found that 1756 patients underwent either LSG or the first step of a Laparoscopic Duodenal Switch (LDS) (1409 LSG & 356 LDS). Of the 1756 patient 33 patients (24 underwent LSG, and 9 underwent LDS) developed a stricture as a complication of LSG. The average age of the patients was 46.4 (±9.6) years, and the average BMI was 43.7 (±6.4). The most common location for stricture was mid-body of the sleeve (54.5%). The average time from the primary surgery to diagnosis and first pneumatic dilation was 5.6 months (± 6.8) and 5.9 months (± 6.6) respectively. We successfully used pneumatic dilation in 31 (93.9%) of these patients to relieve the stricture. Conclusion We conclude that pneumatic dilation is an effective procedure in patients with post sleeve gastrectomy stricture.

Background Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a safe and effective procedure that can be performed as an outpatient procedure. Objectives The aim of the study was to determine whether same-day discharge LSG is safe when performed in an outpatient surgery center. Setting Outpatient surgery centers. Methods The medical records of 3162 patients who underwent primary LSG procedure by 21 surgeons at 9 outpatient surgery centers from January 2010 through February 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Three thousand one hundred sixty-two patients were managed with enhanced recovery after surgery protocol and were included in this analysis. The mean age and preoperative body mass index were 43.1 ± 10.8 years and 42.1 ± 7.1 kg/m2, respectively. Sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were seen in 14.4%, 13.5%, 24.7%, 30.4%, and 17.6% patients, respectively. The mean total operative time was 56.4 ± 16.9 minutes (skin to skin). One intraoperative complication (.03%) occurred. The hospital transfer rate was .2%. The 30-day follow-up rate was 85%. The postoperative outcomes were analyzed based on the available data. The 30-day readmission, reoperation, reintervention, and emergency room visit rates were .6%, .6%, .2%, and .1%, respectively. The 30-day mortality rate was 0%. The total short-term complication rate was 2.5%. Conclusions Same-day discharge seems to be safe when performed in an outpatient surgery center in selected patients. It would appear that outpatient surgery centers are a viable option for patients with minimal surgical risks.

Background The single-anastomosis duodenal switch procedure is a type of duodenal switch that involves a loop anastomosis rather than traditional Roux-en-Y reconstruction. To date, there have been no multicenter studies looking at the complications associated with post-pyloric loop reconstruction. Objectives The aim of the study was to report the incidence of complications associated with loop duodeno-ileostomy (DI) following single-anastomosis duodenal switch (SADS) procedures. Setting Mixed of private and teaching facilities. Methods The medical records of 1328 patients who underwent primary SADS procedure (single-anastomosis duodeno–ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy or stomach intestinal pylorus-sparing surgery) by 17 surgeons from 3 countries (United States, Spain, and Australia) at 9 centers over a 6-year period were retrospectively reviewed, and their results were compared with articles in the literature. Results Mean preoperative body mass index was 51.6 kg/m 2 . Of 1328 patients, 123 patients received a linear stapled duodeno-ileostomy (DI) and 1205 patients a hand-sewn DI. In the overall series, the anastomotic leak, ulcer, and bile reflux occurred in .6% (9/1328), .1% (2/1328), and .1% (2/1328), respectively. None of our patients experienced volvulus at the DI or an internal hernia. Overall, 5 patients (.3%) (3/123 [2.4%] with linear stapled DI versus 2/1205 [.1%] with hand-sewn DI [ P Conclusions The overall incidence of complications associated with loop DI was lower than the reported incidence of anastomotic complications after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. SADS procedures may cause much fewer anastomotic complications compared with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch.

Background There is a scarcity of data available to determine the safety and effectiveness of bariatric surgery in the elderly population. Additionally, there are no studies showing the effect of the single anastomosis duodenal switch (SADS) has on the elderly obese, in comparison with other more popular procedures. Here we compare laparoscopic gastric band surgery (LAGB), Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (LRYGB), and the SADS to analyze the weight loss, perioperative and postoperative morbidity in the patients >70 years of age at a single US center. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 53 consecutive patients ≥70 years old who underwent weight loss surgery from 2009 to 2015.Weight loss in terms of the percentage excess body mass index lost (%EBMIL), percentage excess weight lost (%EWL) and body mass index (BMI) points lost, resolution of comorbidities, length of stay, early (30-day) and late complication rates were compared using descriptive statistics and non-linear regression analysis. Results Of 53 patients, 24 underwent LAGB, 14 underwent LRYGB and 15 underwent SADS. The average patient age was 72.7 ± 2.5 years (range, 70–81.4) and 66 % were females. There was no statistical difference in the demographic data between three groups except for age and sleep apnea. There were no operative or early deaths. There were differences in complication rates between the surgical arms; however, with our small data set statistical significance was not achieved. There was 1 patient who lost to follow up in SADS group. Follow up time period was 18 months. % EBMIL and BMI reduction showed a statistically significant difference between the procedures, where the SADS had the highest loss of %EBMIL and BMI points. Comorbidities prevalence decreased post-operatively with SADS having higher percentage of patients who had resolution of their comorbidities. Conclusion Each of the three procedures can be performed on patients older than 70 with low morbidity rate. However, when the focus is weight loss alone, the SADS procedure is the most effective of the three procedures in regards to weight loss in the short term for patients older than 70. The SADS is as safe as RYGB but LAGB with all its limitations is still the safest bariatric procedure.

In bariatric surgery, the procedure with the highest average weight loss is the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPDDS). A new simplified duodenal switch called the stomach intestinal pylorus sparing (SIPS) surgery with less malabsorption and one fewer anastomosis claims to have similar outcomes when compared to the BPDDS. A retrospective matched cohort analysis of SIPS versus BPDDS patients in a single private practice was obtained by matching every BPDDS to a SIPS patient of the same gender and BMI. Excess weight loss percentage (EWL), BMI, and percentage total weight loss (%TWL) were compared. Additionally, comorbidity resolution, nutritional data, and complications were also compared. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and comparative statistics. Over 2 years, there was no statistical difference in weight loss between BPDDS and SIPS. There also was no difference in nutritional data between the two procedures pre- and post-op. Complication rates were lower in SIPS however, due to the small sample sizes this is not statistically significant. Weight loss and nutritional results between SIPS and BPDDS are similar at 2 years. However, there are fewer complications with SIPS.