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Background Acromegaly is a rare disorder resulting from benign growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas in 90% of the cases. In recent years, many researchers have studied the Ki-67 index level of pituitary tumors and its relationship with demographics, biochemical parameters, clinical behavior, and recurrence rate. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of Ki-67 index level with clinicoradiological and endocrinological parameters in confirmed GH-secreting pituitary adenomas, as well as with the surgical response and medical treatment after surgery. Methods We collected the medical and pathologic records of 49 patients with GH-secreting pituitary adenoma who underwent surgeries from 2008 to 2017 in Shariati hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Results According to MRI reports, 94% of the tumors were macroadenomas. The MRI findings also revealed the median maximal adenoma diameter of 18.5 mm. About 40% of the patients achieved remission three months after the surgery. Younger patients had a significantly higher Ki-67 index level (P = 0.036). We did not observe any significant difference in the Ki-67 index level regarding gender, tumor type, maximal tumor diameter, tumor invasiveness, tumor secretory type, and remission. Interestingly, the Ki-67 index level was negatively correlated with the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level at the last follow-up (P = 0.02). In logistic regression analysis, patients with higher preoperative GH serum levels had a better outcome. Conclusions Our results indicated a negative correlation between age and Ki-67 index level. However, there was no association between the Ki-67 index level and some tumor behaviors, as well as short- and long-term remission.

Background Nephrolithiasis is a risk factor for Osteopenia and osteoporosis. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) regulate bone remodeling and osteoclastogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the relation between serum OPG, RANKL concentration, and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with kidney stone disease. Methods Forty-four nephrolithiasis patients with either low bone mass or normal BMD (considered control group) were enrolled in this study. BMD was measured at lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The serum OPG and RANKL were determined using the ELISA method. Results The median levels of serum OPG were significantly higher in nephrolithiasis patients with low bone mass compared to the nephrolithiasis patients with normal BMD (3.9 pmol/l versus 3.1 pmol/l; P = 0.03), respectively. Negative correlation was detected between bone densities of femoral neck and OPG in patients with nephrolithiasis (r = −.0344, P = 0.02). Conclusion The present study showed that high serum fasting OPG levels may be indicative of femoral neck BMD in patients with nephrolithiasis.