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International audience; The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of grade of obesity on the probability of achieving a VO2 plateau and threshold secondary criteria for verifying VO2max during a treadmill walk test in youths with obesity. Therefore, 72 youths with obesity (aged 8-16) performed an incremental treadmill walk test to exhaustion during which oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion were continuously measured. HR corresponding to a “hard” level of perceived exertion was reported and expressed as a percentage of the predicted HRmax. The rate of achievement of criteria for validation VO2max (VO2 plateau; HR>95% theoretical HRmax; RER>1.0; rating of perceived exertion ≥ “hard”) was compared between participants with grade I and grade II obesity. 37% of the participants achieved a VO2 plateau and 23% achieved both an HR>95% and RER >1.0. Youths with grade II obesity had lower minute ventilation (p95% (OR = 0.33; P=0.06) and a “hard” rating of perceived exertion than grade I (OR = 4.5; P=0.07). However, there was no influence of grade of obesity on the achievement of VO2 plateau, and RER>1.0.

Pulmonary rehabilitation, whether performed at home or in a specialised centre, is effective in the management of COPD. As gender-related differences in COPD were previously reported, we aimed to evaluate the impact of gender on pulmonary rehabilitation outcomes in the short, medium and long term. In this retrospective observational study of 170 women and 310 men with COPD, we compared the outcomes of an 8-week home-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme including an individualised plan of retraining exercises, physical activities, therapeutic education, and psychosocial and self-management support. Exercise tolerance, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QOL) were assessed using the 6-min stepper test (6MST), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Visual Simplified Respiratory Questionnaire (VSRQ), respectively. Assessments were carried out before, immediately after the pulmonary rehabilitation programme (T2) and at 8 (T8) and 14 months (T14). At baseline, women were younger (mean 62.1 versus 65.3 years), more often nonsmokers (24.7% versus 7.7%) and had a higher body mass index (28 versus 26.4 kg·m−2). They more often lived alone (50.6% versus 24.5%) and experienced social deprivation (66.7% versus 56.4%). They had significantly lower exercise tolerance (−34 strokes, 6MST) and higher anxiety and depression (+3.2 HADS total score), but there were no between gender differences in QOL (VSRQ). Both groups showed similar improvements in all outcome measures at T2, T8 and T14 with a tendency for men to lose QOL profits over time. Despite some differences in baseline characteristics, women and men with COPD had similar short-, medium- and long-term benefits of a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme., Despite some differences in baseline characteristics, women and men with COPD had similar short-, medium- and long-term benefits of a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme https://bit.ly/2XfFakK

International audience; To help older adults begin or adhere to regular physical exercise, several studies have endeavored to identify barriers to active behavior. However, there is a lack of information about barriers for active older people. In addition, most of the reviews of the literature compare only active people to inactive or sedentary people without examining in detail the barriers with respect to the degree of commitment to behavioral change. Finally, there is no consistency in the results of studies investigating the effects of barriers on the relationship between stages of change and exercise behavior. The first aim of this narrative review is to compare barriers that affect exercise stages of change from those that affect levels of exercise behavior in a healthy older population and the factors that can lead to relapse or dropout; the second aim is to identify the extent to which barriers hinder the relationships between stages of change and exercise behaviors. The results showed that barriers are well identified in sedentary people and in the first two stages of change (pre-contemplation and contemplation) compared to active seniors and other stages of change (preparation, action and maintenance). Consistency between the formulations of the different stages in comparison with the transtheoretical model and the definition of barriers and the limitations of measuring physical activity in the different studies are discussed. Finally, novel perspectives of research are proposed to address the flaws in the reviewed studies.

Cet article est consacre aux arbitres de football en France, c’est-a-dire ceux qui regulent plus de 600000 rencontres sportives chaque annee. Il s’agit ici de relever les principales dimensions d’une activite complexe, de caracteriser l’heterogeneite d’un groupe et de questionner le mode de gouvernement auquel il contribue. Les elements sociologiques proposes proviennent d’une revue de litterature, d’une passation de questionnaires realisee aupres de 5000 arbitres francais, de 29 entretiens touchant presque tous les niveaux de l’arbitrage. L’article montre l’existence de profils d’arbitres varies et les inegales distributions et consistances de pouvoirs qui en decoulent. Ainsi l’usage du pouvoir et sa dimension discretionnaire sont-ils dependants de la position occupee par l’arbitre dans sa hierarchie et dans la carriere.

International audience

Resume Il est maintenant admis que la domination de l’anglais penalise les personnes qui ont besoin de l’information sanitaire, quel que soit leur profession et niveau academique. Les autorites politiques, scientifiques et medicales preconisent de diffuser la litterature scientifique en francais. La langue francaise est indissociable de l’histoire de la Masso-Kinesitherapie. Cependant, la participation kinesitherapique francophone dans la litterature professionnelle est anecdotique. Il revient a chaque acteur sanitaire et social de garantir sa pratique francophone, en termes de lecture et d’ecriture, au sein de sa collectivite. Faciliter l’implementation du savoir, exiger le respect de sa langue, c’est ameliorer la qualite des soins. Niveau de preuve Non adapte.

This article focuses on the problem of violence occurring in male amateur team sports. On the basis of a series of surveys performed between 2002 and 2010, we propose to contrast indigenous explana...

The present study aimed to examine the effects of chronological age and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on cognitive performance and prefrontal cortex activity, and to test the compensation-related utilization of neural circuits hypothesis (CRUNCH). A total of 19 young adults (18&ndash, 22 years) and 37 older ones (60&ndash, 77 years) with a high or low CRF level were recruited to perform a working memory updating task under three different cognitive load conditions. Prefrontal cortex hemodynamic responses were continuously recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and behavioral performances and perceived difficulty were measured. Results showed that chronological age had deleterious effects on both cognitive performance and prefrontal cortex activation under a higher cognitive load. In older adults, however, higher levels of CRF were related to increased bilateral prefrontal cortex activation patterns that allowed them to sustain better cognitive performances, especially under the highest cognitive load. These results are discussed in the light of the neurocognitive CRUNCH model.

Le basculement du free fight au mixed martial arts (MMA) se traduit par la mise en place d’un cadrage reglementaire amorcant, dans les annees 2000, son institutionnalisation. En France, il n’existe pas de federation dediee organisant la pratique alors que se developpe une pratique amateur sans que celle-ci ne soit jamais finement etudiee. Comment se structurent et s’organisent les pratiques dans ces clubs ? Qui sont les pratiquants et qu’y font-ils exactement ? Pour apporter des elements de reponse, cet article s’appuie sur une enquete empruntant a la demarche ethnographique menee aupres de deux clubs affilies a l’etranger au MMA. Cette contribution ne doit pas seulement a la specificite de son terrain. Elle tient surtout a la mise en perspective des donnees ethnographiques evaluees a l’aune d’une discussion de la sportivisation, de-sportivisation. Entre conformisme au modele sportif classique et revendication d’exceptionnalite, entre un sport bâti sur la mise en scene de l’affrontement « violent » dans lequel le combat occupe une place reduite a la portion congrue, entre une discipline dont les origines pronaient l’absence de regles devenue sur nos terrains une pratique rigoureusement controlee, le MMA ici observe semble relever d’une pratique physique dite « sportivisee ».

International audience; This article focuses on PSE teachers when practicing in a context of excellence and questions the potential constraints on these professionals. The project is to show that PSE teachers in a Parisian elite high school do not encounter "situational" difficulties but face the "legibility" challenge of their discipline. In support of an ethnographic approach and by a socio-ethno-didactic approach, we propose to situate the PSE discipline in its local and social teaching conditions. The results will show that teachers are addressing a socially-favored audience that opposes academic docility to « computational realisme » to the point of confronting teachers with the contrasting representations of students in the discipline. The difficulty of teaching in this context of excellence is to face a challenge: to work for the recognition of the discipline’s identity and its “legibility”.; Cet article s’intéresse aux enseignants d’EPS lorsqu’ils exercent en contexte d’excellence et interroge les contraintes potentielles qui pèsent sur ces professionnels. Le projet est de montrer que les enseignants d’EPS d’un lycée d’élite parisien ne rencontrent pas de difficultés d’ordre « situationnel » mais font face au défi de « lisibilité » de leur discipline. À l’appui d’une démarche ethnographique et en nous inscrivant dans une socio-ethno-didactique, nous proposons de situer la discipline EPS dans ses conditions locales et sociales d’enseignement. Les résultats montreront que les enseignants s’adressent à un public socialement favorisé qui oppose à la docilité scolaire un « réalisme calculateur » au point de confronter les enseignants aux représentations contrastées qu’ont les élèves de la discipline. La difficulté du travail enseignant dans ce contexte consiste à faire face à un défi : œuvrer en faveur de la reconnaissance identitaire de la discipline et de sa « lisibilité ».

International audience; If the garment worn by the football manager is sometimes regulated in the French professional clubs of league 1 and league 2, can we somehow say that it translates individual strategies of self-presentation? We propose in this paper to analyse the managers’ outfits by identifying the representations diffused by the specialized press on the subject. Beyond the development of institutional and professional pressure facing the choice of clothing, we show its ‘instrumental function’ and identify ways in which media-friendly managers use their image to exist on a competitive professional market.

Que faire quand le corps n’existe plus, qu’il a disparu, qu’il a perdu sa place, son unité? La différence, la souffrance psychique sont stigmatisantes. L’exclusion est là, pesante, présente et l’isolement, une conséquence. Dans ce cas, la mise en scène du corps peut représenter un outil thérapeutique efficace pour la prise en charge et l’accompagnement de sujets en situation de souffrance psychique atteints par exemple de dépression, de psychose, de dépendance, de mélancolie, de bipolarité, d’état limite ou encore de schizophrénie. Si la danse permet d’accéder à un univers artistique où les émotions sont centrales, le défilé chorégraphique nous a permis d’apporter, aux sujets en détresse, confiance en soi et conscience de soi. Le corps devient alors un véritable support à la médiation, à la (re)construction de liens physiques, psychiques et sociaux. En ce sens, les activités artistiques, la création artistique et le processus de résilience associé s’inscrivent dans une approche globale de santé mentale., What to do when the body no longer exists, he disappeared, he lost his place, his unit. The difference, the psychic suffering are stigmatizing. Exclusion is heavy, and the isolation is a systematic issue. In this case, body staging can be an effective therapeutic tool to support and accompaniment of psychic suffering subjects such as depression, psychosis, addiction, melancholy, bipolar, limit State or schizophrenia. If dance allows access to an artistic World where emotions are central, the choreographic parade allowed us to bring to the topics in mental distress, self-confidence and selfawareness. he body then becomes a true support to mediation, the (re) construction of physical, psychic and social links. Thus, artistic activities, artistic creation, the associated resilience process fit into a comprehensive approach to mental health.

International audience; Limb immobilization or confinement to bed results in a severe atrophy and weakness of lower leg muscles. Full recovery of muscle strength and physical function is rare and may impact the patient's outcome. Studies performed on rodents have demonstrated that the deleterious structural and functional adaptations which occur during muscle deconditioning can be counteracted through adequate physiological stimuli. Thus, based on this fundamental work, we developed a device that combines mechanical stimulation of proprioceptors located in the plantar sole and Achilles' tendon. The device is adapted to patients immobilized and confined to bed. Stimulations can be applied on muscle in passive state. The protocol is non-invasive and is well accepted by patients. This paper presents the technical features of the device, as well as preliminary results of the first clinical study. This device might allow considering new therapeutic strategies for prevention of atrophy in many pathologies.

Study Design: A controlled and retrospective study of 144 chronic low back pain patients to evaluate the effectiveness of an intensive functional restoration program in France. Objective: Evaluating the efficiency of an intensive, dynamic and multidisciplinary functional restoration program in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP), during 6 and 12 months follow up. Summary of background data: Chronic low back pain disease has a multifactor nature, involving physical, psychological professional and social factors. A functional restoration program (FRP) has been included in a multidisciplinary training program which provides an efficient therapeutic solution. However, the effectiveness of an FRP has not been yet established. Methods: 144 subjects (71 males, 73 females) with chronic low back pain were included in a functional restoration program. The FRP includes physiotherapy and occupational therapy interventions together with psychological counselling. Patients participated as in- or outpatients 6 h per day, 5 days a week over 5 weeks. Pain intensity, trunk flexibility, trunk strength, lifting ability, quality of life and return to work were recorded before, immediately after, and at 6 months and 12 months after the treatment period. Results: All outcome measures were significantly higher just after the FRP (144 patients) and at 6 and 12 months (from available data in 31 subjects) compared to pre-treatment values. This FRP for chronic low back pain maintained its benefits whatever the patient’s activities. Conclusions: The effects reflected on all outcome measures, both on short and long term follow-up. The multidisciplinary FRP for chronic low back pain patients durably stopped the de-conditioning syndrome and involved new life-style habits for the patient, daily pain management and a return to work.

International audience; BACKGROUND: Recent randomized controlled trials have suggested that dietary nitrate (NO3(-)), found in beetroot and other vegetables, and inorganic NO3(-) salts decrease metabolic rate under resting and exercise conditions.OBJECTIVE: Our aim was therefore to determine from a systematic review and meta-analysis whether dietary NO3(-) supplementation significantly reduces metabolic rate, expressed as oxygen uptake (VO2), under resting and exercise conditions in healthy humans and those with cardiorespiratory diseases.METHODS: A systematic article search was performed on electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) from February to March 2015. The inclusion criteria included 1) randomized controlled trials; 2) studies reporting the effect of NO3(-) on VO2 under resting and/or exercise conditions; 3) comparison between dietary NO3(-) supplementation and placebo. Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled effect size.RESULTS: Twenty nine randomized placebo-controlled trials were included in the systematic review, and 26 of which were included in the meta-analysis. Dietary NO3(-) supplementation significantly decreases VO2 during submaximal intensity exercise [-0.26 (95% IC: -0.38, -0.15), p

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of three protocols (Adapted Physical Activities, Wii Fit®, Adapted Physical Activities + Wii Fit®) on the balance of independent senior subjects. Design: Case comparison study. Settings: Healthy elderly subjects living in independent community dwellings. Subjects: Thirty-six subjects, average age 75.09 ± 10.26 years, took part in this study, and were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental groups: G1 followed an Adapted Physical Activities training programme, while the second group (G2) participated in Wii Fit® training and the third one (G3) combined both methods. There was no training for the fourth group (G4). All subjects trained once a week (1 hour) for 20 weeks and were assessed before and after treatment. Main measures: The Tinetti test, unipedal tests and the Wii Fit® tests. Results: After training, the scores in the Tinetti test decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) for G1, G2 and G3 respectively in static conditions and for G1 and G3 in dynamic conditions. After training, the performance in the unipedal tests decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) for G1 and G3. The position of the centre of gravity was modified significantly ( P < 0.05) for G2 and G3. Conclusion: After 20 training sessions, G1 (Adapted Physical Activities), G2 (Wii Fit®) and G3 (Adapted Physical Activities and Wii Fit®) improved their balance. In addition, G1 and G3 increased their dynamic balance. The findings suggest that Adapted Physical Activities training limits the decline in sensorial functions in the elderly.

The aim of our paper is to introduce some results concerning a comprehensive and multidisciplinary analysis of the relationship between alcohol consumption, physical activity and health within a population of students of the Littoral Coast (France). This work is part of a wider research called “Universante”, started in 2008. This research includes an observatory to monitor students’ health and aims to promote healthy behaviors in the territory. Our analysis has been carried out on a sample of approximately 3.000 students, both at regional (Nord-Pas de Calais: Universite du Littoral Cote d’Opale and Artois University, University of Lille 2), inter-regional (University of Rouen) and international level (University of Chicoutimi, Canada and University of Balamand, Lebanon). This study is defining a “global health” profile, through the analysis of some usual determinants (biomedical, social, psychological, etc.). In this frame, we identifyed different styles of alcohol consumption in terms of frequency and quantities. Then, we crossed these data with those about the subjects’ physical activities and found whether there was a relation. At the time, our main hypothesis is that physical activity plays a protective role against alcohol consumption. Our secondary hypothesis is that it is possible to identify social indicators that may work as modulators of this phenomenon. In our paper we will focus on the “risky” aspects of alcohol consumption. Namely, we are identifying some “risky groups” that can be associated with specific alcohol consumption styles, and we are analysing the ritual aspect of their behaviour from a sociological perspective. © 2013 European Journal of Research on Education by IASSR.

Low back pain (LBP) is a widespread musculoskeletal condition that frequently occurs in the working-age population (including hospital staff). This study proposes a classification-tree model to predict LBP risk levels in Sacré-Cœur Hospital, Lebanon (as a case study-236 chosen staffs) using various predictor individual and occupational factors. The developed tree model explained 80% of variance in LBP risk levels using standing hours/day (90% in relative importance), job status/sitting hours per day (80% each), body mass index (71%), working days/week (63%), domestic activity hours/week (36%), weight (35%), job dissatisfaction/sitting on ergonomic chairs (30% each), height (28%), gender (27%), sufficient break time (26%), using handling techniques/age (25% each), job stress (24%), marital status/wearing orthopedic insoles/extra professional activity (22% each), practicing prevention measures (20%), children care hours/week (16%), and type of sport activity/sports hours per week, car sitting, and fear of changing work due to LBP (15% each). The overall accuracy of this predictive tree once compared with actual subjects was estimated to be 77%. The proposed tree model can be used by expert physicians in their decision-making for LBP diagnosis among hospital staff.

Resume Objectifs Etudier la relation quantitative entre la frequence de la douleur lombaire aigue (DLA) et les differents facteurs de risque individuels et professionnels, et detecter les plus importants, susceptibles d’etre utilises comme arguments de poids dans les modeles predictifs diagnostics de la DLA, en fournissant des outils efficaces pour aider a la mise en place de strategies de protection et de prevention des equipes hospitalieres. Methodes Quatorze facteurs de risque predictifs (par exemple, âge, sexe, indice de masse corporelle IMC [kg/m2], activite domestique, etc.) et 17 facteurs de risque professionnels (par exemple, statut professionnel, heures quotidiennes passees debout, pauses quotidiennes, insatisfaction professionnelle, etc.) ont ete recueillis en utilisant un autoquestionnaire au sein de l’equipe de l’hopital du Sacre-Cœur au Liban (utilise comme une etude de cas) et correles a la frequence de la DLA en utilisant l’approche non parametrique bivariee du tau b de Kendall. Resultats Cette etude indique que parmi les facteurs de risque professionnels etudies, le statut professionnel, le nombre d’heures travaillees par jour et le nombre d’heures passees debout quotidiennement sont les plus influents sur la frequence de la DLA (hautement correlee avec d’autres facteurs a un niveau de risque de 1 et 5 %). Cela montre egalement que des correlations statistiques fortement positives (entre 0,25 et 0,65) et fortement negatives (entre −0,38 et −0,26) existent dans la DLA entre les facteurs de risque professionnels et le nombre de jours travailles par semaine, le nombre d’heures passees assis par jour, le stress au travail, l’insatisfaction professionnelle, les enfants a charge, et la conduite automobile. Il a egalement ete montre que le nombre d’heures hebdomadaires d’activite domestique, la taille de l’equipe et le sexe etaient les facteurs individuels les plus importants dans l’aggravation de la pathologie de DLA. Ces facteurs individuels sont hautement correles a un risque de 1 % (allant de 0,28 a 0,49 pour les correlations positives et de −0,49 a −0,25 pour les negatives) aux soins apportes aux enfants, au poids, aux activites extraprofessionnelles et a l’utilisation de techniques manuelles. Conclusions La determination de ces correlations bivariees peut etre utilisee par des medecins experts dans le cadre du processus decisionnel du diagnostic de DLA.

Objectives To explore dual quantitative relationships between low back pain (LBP) prevalence and different individual and occupational risk factors, and detect the most important ones which can be used as weighted input data in LBP prediction diagnosis models, providing effective tools to help with the implementation of protection and prevention strategies among hospital staff. Methods Fourteen predictor individual risk factors (e.g., age, gender, body mass index BMI [kg/m 2 ], domestic activity, etc.) and 17 occupational risk factors (e.g., job status, standing hours/day, sufficient break time, job dissatisfaction, etc.) were collected using self-reported questionnaire among the staff of Sacre-Coeur hospital – Lebanon (used as a case study), and correlated with LBP prevalence using Kendall's tau-b bivariate nonparametric approaches. Results This study indicates that among the investigated occupational risk factors, job status, working hours/day, and standing hours/day are the most influencing on LBP prevalence (highly correlated with other factors at 1 and 5% confidence levels). It also shows that strong positive (between 0.25 and 0.65)/negative (from −0.38 to −0.26) statistical correlations to LBP prevalence exist between these risk occupational factors and working days/week, sitting hours/day, job stress, job dissatisfaction, children care, and car driving. The weekly hours of domestic activity, the staff height, and gender type have proven also to be the strongest individual factors in aggravating LBP disease. These individual factors are highly correlated at 1% significance level (ranging between 0.28 and 0.49 for positive correlations, and from −0.49 to −0.25 for negative ones) to children care, weight, extra professional activity, and use of handling techniques. Conclusions These obtained bivariate correlations can be used successfully by expert physicians in their decision making for LBP diagnosis.

Alors qu’elle doit participer a l’education physique et artistique des eleves, la danse est peu programmee. Dans une perspective socio-ethnographique, au travers des outils de l’interactionnisme symbolique, mon enquete de terrain montre que les enseignants qui « font danser » a l’ecole sont detenteurs d’une culture artistique pratique. Ce vecu conduit a une connaissance et une comprehension de l’activite par le corps. Les enseignants voient evoluer leurs representations et referents, se confrontent a d’autres facons de voir, de penser, d’agir, se tiennent informes, s’assurent et se rassurent… Ces experiences personnelles et les traces qu’elles laissent sont ensuite reinvesties en situation d’enseignement dans les classes. Les traits communs a ceux qui se « risquent » rencontrent, dans cet article, les representations que d’autres enseignants – ne transmettant pas la danse – construisent, s’approprient, mobilisent. Au cœur des representations, des choix et des actions consequents des uns et des autres, le corps (celui de l’enseignant, de l’eleve, de l’artiste), les usages qui en sont faits, le soin qui lui est accorde, le regard pose sur lui. Sur le plan professionnel et personnel, choisir de programmer la danse n’est donc pas sans consequence. Les resultats presentes sont issus de l’analyse d’entretiens semi-directifs, d’echanges plus ou moins formels (avec des acteurs investis – ou non – dans la transmission de l’activite), d’observations directes, de documents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of training based on static and dynamic balance in single and dual task conditions in order to analyse the effects of detraining on static and dynamic balance in healthy elderly fallers and non-fallers.A group of 16 subjects were trained: eight fallers aged 71.1 +/- 5.0 years and eight non-fallers aged 68.4 +/- 4.5 years. The subjects were evaluated 3 months before the training period, 2 days before the training period, 2 days after the end of the training period and 3 months after the training period. All subjects performed a unipedal test with eyes open and eyes closed. Gait parameters were analysed under single-task and dual motor-task conditions.This study demonstrated a loss of physical capacities over 3 months for stride time, single support time for fallers in both conditions. Physical training significantly improves static and dynamic balance under single and dual task conditions. Lastly, after 3 months of detraining, a loss of the physical training effects were measured for fallers and non-fallers on the different walking parameters in the two conditions and on the unipedal tests.The absence of stimulation before the trained period shows a negative effect of ageing on walking and falls whereas training permits an improvement in static balance and the pattern of walking under single and dual task conditions, which could be due to an increase in muscular strength and a better division of attention. On the other hand, 3 months of detraining inhibited the effects of training, which showed the speed of the decline caused by 'natural' ageing.

International audience; Les textes réunis dans cet ouvrage reprennent une série de conférences réalisées dans le cadre des journées « Yves Gougeon », sous l’égide de l’IUFM Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Ces journées s’adressaient aux étudiants de l’Académie de Lille préparant la première épreuve écrite d’admissibilité du concours externe du CAPEPS. Portant sur l’histoire de l’enseignement de l’Éducation Physique et Sportive de 1945 à nos jours, à travers ses enjeux éducatifs, ses conceptions et pratiques pédagogiques, la question du programme s’est enrichie d’une réflexion portant sur l’organisation de cette même discipline dans les États de l’Union Européenne. Si la première partie de la question a déjà fait l’objet d’une littérature conséquente, la seconde partie de la proposition n’a pas encore été suffisamment explorée.L’objectif de cet ouvrage est donc double : il s’agit tout d’abord de revisiter l’histoire de la discipline, à partir de son identité et de son environnement. Dans une première partie (« réflexions autour de l’identité de la discipline »), les auteurs se proposent de réinterroger le statut scolaire de cette matière d’enseignement pour le temps contemporain. La deuxième partie de l’ouvrage (« réflexions sur les aspects idéologiques de l’EPS ») cherche à montrer que les évolutions de l’EPS, quelles qu’en soient les dimensions (aspects historiographiques, institutionnels et pédagogiques), demeurent liées aux mutations politiques des périodes considérées. L’idée directrice de ces deux parties est bien de faire une synthèse de connaissances stabilisées, dont les étudiants sauront tirer profit. Il s’agira ensuite de s’aventurer sur des terres encore en friche, en observant, compte tenu des matériaux disponibles, la manière dont l’éducation physique s’enseigne en Europe : cette dernière partie (« réflexions sur les changements d’échelle de l’EPS ») interroge ainsi les singularités d’une « EPS à la française » dans une perspective comparatiste.

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that imbalance in patients with a severe deformity of the spine is associated with an increase in the sensory integration disorder. This paper is a case comparison study. Patients were divided into three groups: able-bodied (n = 53), observation (n = 23), and pre-brace (n = 26) groups. Time domain parameters (sway area, position and displacement) and structural posturographic parameters [mean distance (MD) and mean peak (MP)] were calculated from the COP excursion using a force platform. A sensory integration disorder could be an important factor in the progression of the scoliotic curve. Significant differences were found in time domain between observation, pre-brace and able-bodied groups. The results for the structural posturographic parameters showed significant differences between the pre-brace and the able-bodied groups (P = 0.018 MD and P = 0.02 MP) demonstrating a perturbation in sensory integration system by an increase of imbalance. The absence of statistical difference between the observation and the pre-brace groups for the structural posturographic parameters indicates a perturbation of sensory integration system associated with curve progression. Our study has demonstrated that the pre-brace group is less stable than the able-bodied group. The severity of scoliosis in pre-brace scoliotic girls could be related to an increase in the sensory integration disorder.

Resume Objectif Cette etude avait pour but d’analyser les effets d’un programme de reentrainement a l’effort avec ou sans renforcement isocinetique quotidien des muscles du tronc chez des lombalgiques chroniques. Protocole Soixante patients etaient repartis de maniere aleatoire en deux groupes de 30. Le groupe temoin (GC) beneficiait d’un reentrainement specifique a l’effort en hopital de jour pendant quatre semaines. Le second groupe (GI) a beneficie en supplement d’un renforcement isocinetique quotidien des muscles du tronc. Trois evaluations ont ete effectuees : avant ( T 1 ), apres hospitalisation ( T 2 ) et trois mois postreeducation ( T 3 ). Resultats Ils tendent a montrer une amelioration pour chacun des parametres a T 2 , quel que soit le groupe. La diminution des scores de DALLAS temoignait d’un moindre impact de la lombalgie dans la vie des patients. La douleur etait diminuee de 24 %, la prise d’antalgiques etait significativement reduite (GC : − 53 % ; GI : − 56 %), l’endurance musculaire moyenne etait amelioree (quadriceps : + 30 %, abdominaux : + 20 %, spinaux : + 23 %, carre des lombes : + 33 %) et les patients etaient plus souples : diminution de la distance doigts sol ( T 1 : GC : 12,9 ± 6,1 cm ; GI : 13,6 ± 5,5 cm/ T 2 : GC : 2,2 ± 5,4 cm ; GI : 2,8 ± 5,1 cm). L’unique difference a T 2 provenait de l’amelioration des performances musculaires isocinetiques des extenseurs du tronc, celle-ci etait significativement plus importante pour le groupe GI, quelle que soit la vitesse (GC : + 14 % ; GI : + 20 %). A T 3 , pour les deux groupes, les benefices etaient toujours presents, voire meme, pour certains, en amelioration. Conclusion Quel que soit le protocole, les ameliorations sont d’ordre physique et psychologique et les benefices sont maintenus a court terme. Nos resultats confirment qu’il n’existe pas une superiorite d’une technique de reentrainement a l’effort dans la prise en charge de la lombalgie chronique.

Objectif : l’objet de cette etude est d’evaluer a court terme les benefices d’un programme de reentrainement a l’effort pour lombalgiques chroniques.Materiels et methodes : 30 lombalgiques ont beneficie pendant 4 semaines d’une reeducation dynamique en hopital de jour. Un travail specifique de musculation, d’endurance et de souplesse ete realise quotidiennement. Trois evaluations ont ete effectuees : avant (T1), apres hospitalisation (T2) et 3 mois post-reeducation (T3).Resultats : ils tendent a montrer une amelioration pour chacun des parametres apres le programme. La diminution des scores de DALLAS temoigne d’un moindre impact de la lombalgie dans la vie des patients. La douleur est diminuee de 24 %, la prise d’antalgiques est significativement reduite. Apres la prise en charge, les performances musculaires des extenseurs du tronc (E) sont plus elevees, les sujets sont plus souples et leur aptitude aerobie est en hausse. Trois mois apres la reeducation, les benefices sont toujours presents voire meme pour certains en amelioration. La pratique d’activites physiques est toujours importante et superieure aux donnees initiales, ceci pourrait expliquer en partie le maintien des benefices.Conclusion : Apres un programme de reentrainement a l’effort de 4 semaines les benefices acquis se maintiennent a court terme, ils sont d’ordre physique et psychologique. Une activite physique reguliere contribue a l’amelioration generale du patient.

Objective: We compared falling and non-falling healthy elderly subjects to identify balance disorders associated with falling. Gait parameters were determined when carrying out single and dual tasks. Design: Case comparison study. Setting: Subjects were studied in the gait laboratory at Hopital Roger Salengro, Lille, France. Subjects: A group of 40 healthy elderly women were assigned to one of two groups according to their falling history: 21 fallers aged 70.4±6.4 years and 19 non-fallers aged 67.0±4.8 years. All subjects performed first a single leg balance test with two conditions (eyes open/closed). Then, gait parameters were analysed under single-task and dual motor-task conditions (walking with a glass of water in the hand). Main measures: Falls, number of times suspended foot touched the floor during the single leg balance test, cadence, speed, stride time, step time, single-support time, stride length and step length during walking under single- and dual-task conditions. Results: During the single leg balance test, fallers placed their feet on the floor three times more often than non-fallers under eyes open conditions (P < 0.05) and twice as often under eyes closed conditions (P < 0.05). In the single-task condition, no significant difference in gait parameters was reported between fallers and non fallers. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the gait parameters (cadence, speed, stride and step time, single-support time) between fallers and non-fallers under dual-task conditions. Conclusions: Dual tasks perturb walking in fallers, who exhibit deteriorated static balance. Consequently, walking under dual-task conditions plus a single leg balance test could be helpful in detecting walking disorders and planning physiotherapy to prevent falls.

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The present study assessed whether the first and the second ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) were dependent on the muscle groups solicited when spontaneously chosen crank and pedal rates are used. 20 physical education male students (22 ± 2.2 yr.) performed two maximal incremental tests randomly assigned using an increment of 15 and 30 W every minute for arm and leg exercises, respectively. These tests were used to measure the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and to identify VT1 and VT2. The absolute oxygen uptake (VO2) values measured at VT1, VT2, and at maximal workload were significantly ( p1 and VT2 expressed in percent of VO2 max were not significantly different between arm and leg exercises (54.1 ± 8.2 vs 57.2 ± 11.4%; and 82.5 ± 6.4 vs 84.6 ± 5.1% at VT1 and VT2, respectively). In addition, at the two thresholds, none of the variables measured during arm and leg exercises were significantly correlated with the exception of spontaneously chosen crank and pedal rates ( p1 and VT2, respectively). Probably due to the different training status and skill level, no extrapolation can be made to specify the arm thresholds from the leg. These results underline the need to specify the ventilatory thresholds from specific arm ergometer measures obtained from tests performed with spontaneously chosen crank and pedal rates and, thus, close to sport and recreational activities, when they are used for training and rehabilitation programs.

Background: to develop a physical training programme to improve balance in dependent, demented, people with a history of falling, and so decrease falls and increase autonomy. Methods: the study was undertaken on 20 demented elderly people with a history of falling with an average age of 81.4 ′ 4,7 years and an average mini mental state score of 16.3′6.5. They had all passed 'get up and go', 'chair sit and reach', walking speed and static balance tests. They were assigned to a control group or a training group; the latter were trained with two sessions a week for 16 weeks. Results: walking, mobility, flexibility and static balance were significantly improved in the training group (P

This study proposed different techniques of mental rehabilitation to healthy elderly subjects in order to assess the results in terms of subjectively perceived changes in quality of life. Thirty-two elderly subjects (60-76 years) were assigned to one of the four groups: aerobic training, mental training, combined aerobic and mental training and a control group. Before and after 2 months of training, all subjects took two memory tests. After training, a French validated questionnaire of quality of life was administered individually. Memory parameters such as logical memory (P0.05), paired associated learning (P=0.05) and memory quotient (P=0.01) were enhanced in all groups except the control group, but in terms of quality of life all the elderly subjects were dissatisfied. VO(2max) and ventilatory threshold were significantly improved in the two groups who were engaged in a physical training program (AT and AMT) and these improvements were associated with a better quality of life in the domain of functional life. Association of the two techniques did not enhance the results for cognitive function. In conclusion, despite objective improvement in cognitive function, all subjects reported dissatisfaction in terms of improvement in quality of life, whatever their assigned group. Nevertheless, an improvement in quality of life was acknowledged after aerobic training for the physical component of functional life.

Objective Evaluating the efficacy of an intensive, dynamic and multidisciplinary spine-specific functional restoration program in patients with chronic low back pain with or without surgery. Methods One hundred and forty-four subjects with chronic low back pain included in the retrospective study and divided into two groups: patients who had spine surgery (GI, n = 81) and patients who did not have surgery (GC, n = 37). The two groups followed the same functional restoration program (175 hours). All the subjects were evaluated before (T0) and after (T5wks) rehabilitation care based on physical, functional, psychological and professional parameters. Results All outcome measures were significantly improved for all subjects at the end of the study, regardless of the group. Eighty-one percent of patients returned to work. The surgery group obtained better results at the end of the program for pain and back muscle isometric endurance measures. Conclusions The effects of the intensive program were validated; nevertheless, spine surgery seems to have a positive impact on some physical parameters of this spine-specific functional restoration program.