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Purpose Masticatory changes in the older adult population may cause nutritional impairment, so epidemiological studies are important to allow specific public health interventions. Thus, this study aims at constructing and validating an instrument for screening for masticatory disorders in older adults (SMDOA). Methods Validation study. First step: validity evidence based on test content. Defining the construct and elaborating the questions by a panel of experts and evaluating the representativeness and relevance of the items in relation to the construct by a committee of 28 experts. Analysis was performed through the Content Validity Index for Items (CVI-I) and the Content Validity Index (CVI). Second stage: validity evidence based on response processes. The questionnaire was applied to 40 older adults (≥60 years) using the cognitive interview strategy. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the responses was carried out. Third stage: validity evidence based on the internal structure. The instrument was applied to 295 older adult patients and a confirmatory factorial analysis was performed to fit the model. Results The first version of SMDOA consisted of 16 issues related to chewing. The CVI and CVI-I were satisfactory, and only one question was excluded. The instrument with 15 questions was well evaluated by the older adults, only requiring minor adjustments to the morphosyntax. After the confirmatory factorial analysis, adjustments were made in its internal structure resulting in the 9-question model in two factors regarding function and masticatory perception. Conclusions The SMDOA presented good evidence of validity in its content, response processes and internal structure.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in musicians. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic database searches and a manual search were performed. Qualitative and quantitative analysis including risk of bias was performed for studies that met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of proportions with a random effects model was performed, and heterogeneity was explored according to the moderating variable through subgroup analysis and metaregression. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. RESULTS A total of 13 articles were included for the meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence estimate was 52.8% (CI 95%; 33.4%-71.7%) for wind instruments, 53.9% (CI 95%; 42.4%-65.2%) for string instruments and 53.9% (CI 95%; 23.5%-82.7%) for string and wind instruments. The average time of use of the musical instrument explained 82.38%, the heterogeneity between the sizes of the effects observed in the analysis (R2 = 82.38%; P

Introduction Preterm and low-birth-weight newborns may present immaturity in the functions of sucking, swallowing and breathing, speech therapists inserted in the hospital focus on the development of newborns’ oral sensorimotor system, promoting a safe transition from tube feeding to breastfeeding and contributing to improving the quality of life of the child population. The present study aimed to analyze the development of oral functions, oral feeding transition time and breastfeeding of preterm and low-birth-weight newborns under Speech-Language Pathology care. Methods A prognostic study carried out at a maternity hospital, based on the data collected from 121 filed medical records of newborns attended between September 2015 to July 2017. The Kaplan–Meier method, the Log Rank test and the Pearson correlation test were used for data analysis, considering a significance level of 0.05 (95%). Results It was observed that the lower the gestational age and the birth weight of newborns, the more speech therapy services were required until the establishment of exclusive OF; also, the transition time and the average time of using the orogastric tube were inversely proportional to the gestational age at birth. The non-nutritive sucking technique was the most used for stimulation, and 78.5% of the NBs were discharged from the hospital on exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion Moderate to late preterm and low-birth-weight newborns are able to more quickly acquire the oral sensorimotor system functional pattern, and there are indications that Speech-Language Pathology care reduces the transition time to oral feeding, thus increasing the success rate of exclusive breastfeeding.

OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to identify evidence of validity of a self-reported Oropharyngeal Dysphagia screening questionnaire for older adults based on test content, response processes, internal structure, relations to other variables, and reliability. METHOD: This is a nonrandomized, cross-sectional study employing the concepts and principles of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Data were collected from 644 community-dwelling older adults (both genders, age: ≥60 years) who agreed to participate in some steps of the validation process. Statistical methods obtained the content representation of the construct, internal structure validation, discriminant and convergent evidence, and reliability, using a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The screening tool was re-specified in nine questions that provided the best fit and robust reliability, with proper discriminant and convergent evidence. CONCLUSIONS: The screening questionnaire presented valid and reliable results to identify oropharyngeal dysphagia symptoms in older adults, highlighting the importance of the validation process based on the standards to construct an epidemiological instrument.

Summary Purpose To identify the validity evidence based on the content and response processes of the Rastreamento de Alteracoes Vocais em Idosos (RAVI; "Screening for Voice Disorders in Older Adults"), an epidemiologic screening for voice disorders in older adults. Study Design This is a prospective, nonrandomized, cross-sectional, validation study. Methods Criteria for defining the domains and elaborating the questions were established to confirm the validity evidence based on the content. A multidisciplinary committee of 19 experts evaluated the questions, and the relevance and representation of the domains were analyzed using the Content Validity Index for Items (CVI-I) and the Content Validity Index (CVI), respectively. For validity evidence based on the response processes, 40 individuals of both sexes, aged ≥60 years, were stratified by demographic and socioeconomic condition. They responded to the RAVI, made suggestions, and their verbal and nonverbal reactions were observed. Results The first version of the RAVI consisted of 20 questions related to sensations and perceptions associated with the voice. Although the CVI value of 0.80 was satisfactory, the CVI-I and the suggestions of the expert committee indicated that the scale needed to be reformulated. Consultation with older adults indicated a need for further adjustment. The preliminary version of the RAVI consisted of 16 questions. Conclusions The two aspects of validity evidence described in the present study were essential for adapting the questions to better fit the construct of the questionnaire. Other aspects of validity evidence and reliability analysis will be described in part II of this study.