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Background: Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a screening tool for quantifying the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) development in the Indian population. The present study has evaluated the level of risk of developing DM in Chandigarh and Panchkula based on the IDRS score. Methods: As a part of a national diabetes control trial funded by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, 1,916 participants from the Chandigarh and Panchkula regions were assessed for the risk of developing DM. Risk assessment was done on the basis of the IDRS score which includes age, family history, waist circumference, and physical activity as its contributing factors. Participants with an IDRS score 60 were in the high-risk category for DM. Results: Out of the 1,916 screened respondents (59.86% females and 40.14% males), 894 participants (46.65%) were at a high risk for DM (IDRS >60), 764 (39.87%) were at a moderate risk (IDRS = 30–60), and 258 (13.46%) were at a low risk (IDRS Conclusion: The Chandigarh and Panchkula population showed a high tendency to develop DM based on the IDRS score. Modifiable risk factors such as waist circumference and physical activity were the major contributing factors. Apart from the modifiable risk factors, age was also another major contributing risk factor. Based on these outcomes, lifestyle modifications like yoga and exercise can be proposed for this population as a preventive approach to reduce the risk of developing DM and other associated cerebrovascular complications.

Background: The deprivation of oxygen reaching the tissues (also termed as hypoxia) affects the normal functioning of the body. This results in development of many diseases like ischemia, glaucoma, MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment), pulmonary and cerebral edema, stress and depression. There are no effective drugs that can treat such diseases. Despite such failure, alternative interventions such as mind-body techniques (MBTs) have not been adequately investigated. Methods: The first part of this review has been focused on philosophical aspects of various MBTs besides evolving an ayurgenomic perspective. The potential of MBTs as a preventive non-pharmacological intervention in the treatment of various general and hypoxic pathologies has been further described in this section. In the second part, molecular, physiological, and neuroprotective roles of MBTs in normal and hypoxic/ischemic conditions has been discussed. Results: In this respect, the importance of and in vivo studies has also been discussed. Conclusions: Although several studies have investigated the role of protective strategies in coping with the hypoxic environment, the efficacy of MBTs at the molecular level has been ignored.

Aims To screen the Indian population for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) based on Indian Diabetes Risk Score. Our main question was; Does Indian Diabetic risk score (IDRS) effectively screen diabetic subjects in Indian population? Methods Multi-centric nationwide screening for DM and its risk in all populous states and Union territories of India in 2017. It is the first pan India DM screening study conducted on 240,000 subjects in a short period of 3 months based on IDRS. This was a stratified translational research study in randomly selected cluster populations from all zones of rural and urban India. Two non-modifiable (age, family history) and two modifiable (waist circumference & physical activity) were used to obtain the score. High, moderate and low risk groups were selected based on scores. Results In this study 40.9% subjects were detected to be high risk, known or newly diagnosed DM subjects in urban and rural regions. IDRS could detect 78.1% known diabetic subjects as high risk group. Age group 50–59 (17.4%); 60–69 (22%); 70–79 (22.8%); >80 (19.2%) revealed high percentage of subjects. ROC was found to be 0.763 at CI 95% of 0.761–0.765 with statistical significance of p 50 cut off, youden index showed the sensitivity of 78.05 and specificity of 62.68. Regression analysis revealed that IDRS and Diabetes are significantly positively associated. Conclusions Data reveals that IDRS is a good indicator of high risk diabetic subjects.

Aim Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF) and Pyrazinamide (PZA) are part of first-line anti-tuberculosis therapy used against infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, these drugs are known to be potentially harmful as these are associated with numerous side effects and when taken together their harmful outcomes are elevated in a synergistic manner. Identification of possible mechanism underlying RIF + INH + PZA induced nephrotoxicity may be advantageous in developing strategies to prevent their toxic implications. Methods In this study rats were distributed in two groups of six each: Control (tap water) and Toxicant (INH + RIF + PZA) in dosage derived through extrapolation from human dosage for 28 days once in a day. Antioxidant activity and histology of kidney were examined. In addition, apoptosis was also studied using pro and anti-apoptotic markers and TUNEL staining to check nephrotoxicity. Results Findings indicated that combined (INH, RIF and PZA) 28 day exposure in Wistar rats caused increase in number of free radicals/ reactive oxygen species which further cause changes in levels of enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, and Glutathione-s-transferase. Altered content of pro (BAD&BAX) and anti-apoptotic genes (BCL-2&BCL2L1) genes, TUNEL positive cells and DNA fragmentation emphasized involvement of apoptosis. Conclusion This study concluded that nephrotoxicity is accompanied during combinational anti-tuberculosis drug therapy.