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Introduction: Basic life support (BLS) refers to preserving an airway and promoting breathing and circulation without the use of any tools. It saves lives if given timely. The lack of training and knowledge of BLS might lead to tragic consequences. Objective: To assess the knowledge regarding BLS among dental surgeons. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among dentists in Haryana, during April-May 2020 using a semi-structured proforma. It consisted of sociodemographic data and 11 close-ended items on BLS. Score 1 was given for each correct answer. A google form was prepared via docs.google.com/forms and the link was sent to the participants via social media platforms like WhatsApp and Viber. The filled questionnaires were extracted from the Google Forms and exported to Microsoft Excel 2016. Descriptive statistics like mean, frequency and percentage were calculated to present the study findings using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 21). Results: Out of 73 participants, 59 (80.8%) were male and 60 (82.2%) belonged to age group of 31-45 years. Forty one (56.2%) participants had completed a bachelor of dental surgery. Mean (±SD) knowledge score was 8.75±2.46. Thirty eight (52.1%) participants scored less than 50% of the maximum score. The knowledge score was high in male and aged 31-45 years and it was statistically significant (P-value

Introduction Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent intensive care unit (ICU) acquired infection among patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Accurate clinical and microbiologic diagnosis of VAP is essential not only for selection of appropriate antimicrobials but also to prevent their misuse. As the organisms and their sensitivity pattern may differ in every ICU, the knowledge of the resident flora and their behaviour should be known for successful treatment. Methods The study was conducted to evaluate the organisms responsible for VAP and their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern for the study setting. A prospective, open, epidemiological clinical study was performed in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. 100 patients admitted to ICU and Mechanically Ventilated were evaluated about VAP. Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) was used to diagnose VAP. Results Among 60 patients ventilated for more than 48 hours, 25 (41.6%) developed VAP. The VAP was caused predominantly by Klebsiella pneumonia in 34.5% of cases, followed by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumanni in 27.6%, Acinetobacter wolffi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 13.8% each and Escheresia coli in 10.3%. The most sensitive antibiotics were Colistin, followed by Polymyxin B and Amikacin with sensitivity rates of 67%, 60% and 58%, respectively. Conclusion Based on these results, an empiric approach to antibiotic treatment can be made tailored to the specific settings. Given the magnitude of drug resistance and its implicated financial and societal burden, there is an urgent need for broad implementation of Antibiotic Stewardship programs across all health care settings.

The World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) is a not-for-profit organization and was founded in 1972 by member organizations in 18 countries. WONCA now has 118 Member Organizations in 131 countries and territories with a membership of about 500,000 family doctors and more than 90 percent of the world's population. WONCA has seven regions, each of which has its own regional Council and run their own regional activities including conferences. WONCA South Asia Region is constituted by the national academies and colleges and academic member organizations of this region namely India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and the Maldives. In the background of the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic, the office bearers, academic leaders, practitioners, and researchers of primary care from the South Asia Region have issued a solidarity statement articulating the role of primary care physicians.

Trauma is a major and increasing global health concern in the recent world. It is now the leading cause of death among people less than 18 years old. The aim of this study is to analyze all injuries from trauma-related causes among children and adolescents under 18 years old of age.This is a retrospective cross sectional study done in Emergency Department of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Patients aged less than 16 years were included with history of trauma from January 1st 2013 to 31st December 2013.The details of patient were taken from computerized medical records of the hospital. The demographic data, pattern of injury, mode of injury, diagnosis and outcomes were tabulated in Microsoft Excel.Total 3958 pediatrics patient were enrolled in this study with Male: Female=3.6:1 and Mean age 9.6±3.2 years. The common modes of injury were fall injury 2596 (65.6%) and RTAs 1176 (29.7%). Whereas the commonest patters were Fractures 1385 (35%) and Soft Tissue Injuries 784 (19.8%).Fall Injury and Road Traffic Accidents are major and serious problem for children in Low Income countries like Nepal.

Primary healthcare is considered an essential feature of health systems to secure population health and contain costs of healthcare while universal health coverage forms a key to secure access to care. This paper is based on a workshop at the 2016 World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) South Asia regional conference, where the health systems of Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka were presented in relation to their provision of primary healthcare. The five countries have in recent years improved the health of their populations, but currently face the challenges of non-communicable diseases and ageing populations. Primary healthcare should be a core component in restructuring health systems. However, there is a lack of understanding among policymakers of the unique contribution of primary healthcare to the health of populations. This results in insufficient investment in facilities and low priority of specialty training in the community setting. Regional collaboration could strengthen the advocacy for primary healthcare to policymakers and other stakeholders. Priorities were investment in community-based health facilities, and access to healthcare through professionals specialty-trained in the primary healthcare setting. This development fits the strategy of the WHO South East Asian Region to use community-based healthcare in achieving universal health coverage for the Asian populations.

Background: Poisoning is common in Nepal. The objective of the study was to describe the profile of poisoning cases presenting to the emergency of a medical university in eastern Nepal. The specific focus was on to describe the presentation, demographics, delay to care and describe the triage parameters at presentation. Methods: An observational study was done. The secondary data from case files of all poisoning patients starting February 2012 to March 2013 were analyzed after retrieving them from Hospital record. Results: Poisoning constituted 3.89% of total emergency visits. Mean age was 24 years with female: male 1.32. Median time delay to presentation from the incident was 4 hours. Mortality rate was 5.1%, intubation rate 6.3%. Agricultural products ingestion (763/1399) was the commonest modality. The triage vitals were noted as median 110 mm of Hg (Q25, Q75 100, 120) for systolic blood pressure, median 87 mm of Hg (Q25, Q75 73, 93) for mean arterial pressure and median 97 (Q25, Q75 94, 98) for SPO2 by pulse oximetry. The level of consciousness was noted as alert (87.6%), response to verbal stimuli (3.7%), response to pain stimuli (7.1) and unconscious (1.6%). Comparison between mortality and no mortality groups showed significant difference for mean arterial pressure (n 1399, p