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The purpose of this studyis to evaluate the ability of L-tryptophan used in complex therapy of delayed psycho-speech development in children to influence the dynamics of cognitive performance.Materials and methods. The study included 80 children aged 3–7 years with delayed psycho-speech development (DPSD). The main group consisted of 37 children (25 male and 12 female), a control group – 43 patients (30 male and 13 female). Both groups of children were comparable in age, sex, degree of speech and cognitive impairment, and IQ level. Patients in the main group have taken standard therapy with L-tryptophan (25–50 mg per day depending on the age) supplement for 14 days. Control patients have taken standard therapy only. Psychodiagnostic tests at the entrance and exit of patients from this study was carried out for evaluation the dynamics of cognitive functions. All differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.Results. The study suggests that oral L-tryptophan intake selectively affects the dynamics of cognitive performance in children with DPSD. So, we studied pre- and post-treatment cognitive performance in both group patients and noted a significant improvement in the visual memory (p < 0.001) and an increase in thinking productivity (p < 0.001) in the tryptophan group versus similar indicators in the control group. Intergroup differences (p < 0.001 and p = 0.026, respectively, for the main and control groups) also found.Conclusion. Two-week L-tryptophan intake in complex therapy of DPSD in children can significantly improve the cognitive activity, and greatly increase both the effectiveness and sustainability of treatment outcomes, which will significantly reduce the time and frequency of hospitalization and financial costs for the rehabilitation of this patients.

The role of glutathione S-transferase for the life of the cell and the entire organism is related to their participation in the processes of detoxification of xenobiotics and antioxidant protection. Genetic variability of glutathione S-transferases appears in the form of different enzymatic activity of the corresponding protein products. In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted on the frequency of genotypes of three genes in the glutathione S-transferases gene superfamily (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) from representatives of two ethnic groups, Russian and Buryat. To this end, genetic typing of DNA samples was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Statistically significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of alleles A, B, C of the GSTP1 gene (р = 0.026) were found between the groups of teenagers compared. It was found that the frequency of the allele A, which codes for the active variant enzyme, is significantly higher in the Buryat ethnic group (p = 0.012). The allele B, the product of which is a “slow” version of the enzyme, was significantly more common in the Russian ethnic group (p = 0.014). In the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, no statistically significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of “zero” and “functional” genotypes between the compared groups of teenagers were found. However, there was a tendency to increase in the frequency of the “zero” genotype of the GSTM1 gene in the Russian ethnic group. In addition, the frequency of the “zero” genotype in two genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 at once was almost two times higher in the Russian ethnic group than in the Buryat ethnic group.

Using the model of dark stress caused by animal maintenance at dimmed light we showed that Trametin (product obtained during liquid-phase culturing of Trametes pubescens xylotroph fungi) effectively prevented oxidative stress under conditions of light deprivation. The preparation increased the level of unsaturation of lipids, reduced the concentration of primary and end-products of LPO, and increases both the integral parameter of the antioxidant defense system (total antioxidant activity) and its components (activity of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione).