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1. Associations among psychological satisfaction in physical education, sports practice, and health indicators with physical activity: Direct and indirect ways in a structural equation model proposal

Author: Anelise Reis Gaya, Arieli Fernandes Dias, Jorge Mota, Carlos Cristi-Montero, Vanilson Batista Lemes, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, and Caroline Brand
Subjects: Quality of life, Multivariate statistics, 050402 sociology, Sedentary lifestyle, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Structural equation modeling, Physical education, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life (healthcare), 0504 sociology, 030225 pediatrics, Intervention (counseling), Medicine, Association (psychology), Physical activity, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Health indicator, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Original Article, Sleep, business, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Background and objectives Physical education (PE) classes are among the main intervention strategies for increasing levels of physical activity (PA) to adolescent's health improvements. However, low levels of psychological satisfaction in physical education classes (PE satisfaction) and multiple associations with some factors as sex, age, sedentarism, sports practice, sleep, quality of life can act as moderators of levels of physical activity. Considering these aspects, this study aims to propose a theoretical model of multivariate relationships to verify the association between PE satisfaction with PA levels, considering the contribution of sports practice, health indicators, age, and sex on these relations. Methods A cross-sectional study with 470 adolescents (230 boys) aged 11–17 years from the south of Brazil. Several questionnaires were applied to measure the study variables. The theoretical/statistical support of the structural equation model was evaluated according to fit parameters and strength of relations. Results Sports practice, health indicators, age, and sex were mediators of the relationship between PE satisfaction and PA levels. Conclusion There is a positive, however indirect, relationship between PE satisfaction with the levels of physical activity in adolescents, with greater strength of association in boys and at younger ages. It was identified that the practice of sport contributes to the main mediator factor for all relationships beneficial to the health of adolescents in the multivariate model. This means that adolescents who practiced sports showed greater PE satisfaction, more appropriate health indicators, associated with higher levels of physical activity as compared to nonpractitioners of sport.
Published: 2021

2. Association between physical fitness components and fluid intelligence according to body mass index in schoolchildren

Author: Arieli Fernandes Dias, Camila Felin Fochesatto, Aline Riboli Marasca, Caroline Brand, Carlos Cristi-Montero, Anelise Reis Gaya, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, and Denise Ruschel Bandeira
Subjects: Male, Pediatric Obesity, Intelligence, Physical fitness, Protective factor, Fluid intelligence, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Cognitive skill, Child, Association (psychology), business.industry, 05 social sciences, Cognition, Overweight, medicine.disease, Obesity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Physical Fitness, business, Psychology, Body mass index, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Physical fitness is considered a protective factor for children's general health and has been related to enhanced cognitive functioning. However, it appears that cognition could be affected in children with overweight or obesity. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between physical fitness components and fluid intelligence in normal-weight and overweight/obese children. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 317 schoolchildren participated (165 boys, 52.05%), aged between six and 11 years old (1st to 5th grade), belonging to a public school in the south of Brazil. Psychologists evaluated fluid intelligence through the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrix Test. The physical fitness evaluation followed the procedures of the "Brazil Sports Project". Weight and height were measured to determine body mass index and generalized linear regression analyses were used with a 95% confidence interval. Our results showed that agility was inversely associated with fluid intelligence only in the overweight/obese group (
Published: 2021

3. Association between sociodemographic, dietary, and substance use factors and accelerometer-measured 24-hour movement behaviours in Brazilian adolescents

Author: Bruno Gonçalves Galdino da Costa, Kelly Samara da Silva, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Marcus Vinicius Veber Lopes, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, and Anelise Reis Gaya
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Social characteristics, Adolescent, Substance-Related Disorders, Physical activity, Psychological intervention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Environmental health, Accelerometry, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Social determinants of health, Association (psychology), Exercise, Socioeconomic status, business.industry, Public health, Diet, Cross-Sectional Studies, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Sedentary Behavior, Substance use, business
Abstract: Sociodemographic factors and lifestyle behaviours were evidenced as correlates of self-reported 24-hour movement behaviours in high-income settings. However, it is unclear how these relations occur in a middle-income country setting, with unique cultural and social characteristics. This study aimed to examine the association between sociodemographic, dietary, and substance use factors with accelerometer-measured 24-hour movement behaviours in Brazilian adolescents. Information on sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), family structure, dietary behaviours, and history of substance use were collected by a questionnaire. Sleep duration, sedentary behaviour, and light- and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (LPA and MVPA) were measured using wrist-worn accelerometers. On average, females slept more (β = 21.09, 95%CI 13.18; 28.98), engaged in more LPA (β = 17.60, 95%CI 8.50; 27.13), and engaged in less sedentary behaviour (β = -16.82, 95%CI -30.01; -4.30) and MVPA (β = -4.76, 95%CI -7.48; -1.96) than males. Age and sedentary behaviour were positively associated (β = 8.60, 95%CI 2.53; 14.64). Unprocessed foods were positively related to LPA (β = 2.21, 95%CI 0.55; 3.92), whereas processed foods were positively related to sedentary behaviour (β = 3.73, 95%CI 0.03; 7.38) and inversely related to MVPA (β = -0.89, 95%CI -1.68; -0.10). Family structure, SES, and substance use factors were not significantly associated with any 24-hour movement behaviour.Conclusions: Sex, age, and dietary behaviours, unlike SES or substance use, were associated with 24-hour movement behaviours in this sample of Brazilian adolescents and are important factors to consider in interventions, policies, and practice. What is Known: • The 24-hour movement behaviours are composed of sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity and are important determinants of health. • Most adolescents do not engage in adequate levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep, and there is a need to better understand factors related to these behaviours. What is New: • Sex, age, and dietary behaviours were associated with the 24-hour movement behaviours. • No associations were found between socioeconomic status and substance use with the 24-hour movement behaviours.
Published: 2021

4. Neck circumference and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: the moderator role of cardiorespiratory fitness

Author: Carlos Cristi-Montero, Cézane Priscila Reuter, Elza Daniel de Mello, Anelise Reis Gaya, Letícia Welser, César Agostinis-Sobrinho, Ana Paula Sehn, and Caroline Brand
Subjects: Adult, Male, Neck circumference, Aptidão física, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Adolescent, Criança, RJ1-570, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Síndrome metabólica, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Obesity, Child, Adolescente, Doenças cardiovasculares, Fatores de risco, Anthropometry, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Public health, Cardiorespiratory fitness, 030229 sport sciences, Physical fitness, Moderation, Metabolic syndrome, Cross-Sectional Studies, Blood pressure, Obesidade, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, anthropometry, pediatrics, physical fitness, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Female, Waist Circumference, business, Body mass index, Antropometria, Research Article
Abstract: Background The increased incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors has become a public health issue, especially in childhood and adolescence. Thus, early identification is essential to avoid or reduce future complications in adulthood. In this sense, the present study aimed to verify the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as a moderator in the association between neck circumference (NC) and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional study that included 2418 randomly selected children and adolescents (52.5% girls), aged 6 to 17 years old. Anthropometric measurements, such as NC and body mass index (BMI), and CRF was measured by the six-minute running/walking test, as well as cardiometabolic risk (systolic blood pressure, glucose, HDL-C, and triglycerides), were assessed. Results For all age groups, NC showed a negative relationship with CRF. A significant interaction term was found for CRF x NC with cardiometabolic risk for children (6 to 9 years old), early adolescents (10 to 12 years old), and middle adolescents (13 to 17 years old). It was found that children who accomplished more than 1092.49 m in CRF test were protected against cardiometabolic risk when considering NC. In adolescents, protection against cardiometabolic risk was found when the CRF test was completed above 1424.14 m and 1471.87 m (early and middle stage, respectively). Conclusions CRF is inversely associated with NC and acts as a moderator in the relationship between NC and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Therefore, this detrimental health impact linked to fatness might be attenuated by improving CRF levels.
Published: 2021

5. Combination of sleep duration, TV time and body mass index is associated with cardiometabolic risk moderated by age in youth

Author: Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner, Cézane Priscila Reuter, Ana Paula Sehn, Caroline Brand, Arieli Fernandes Dias, Silvia Isabel Rech Franke, Roya Kelishadi, and Anelise Reis Gaya
Subjects: Male, Waist, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Saúde, Overweight, Adolescents, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Humans, Medicine, Obesity, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Child, Adolescentes, Adiposity, Índice de massa corporal, business.industry, Prevention, Age Factors, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Prognosis, Moderation, medicine.disease, Televisão, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cardiovascular Diseases, Health, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Television, Prevenção e controle [Obesidade], medicine.symptom, Sleep, business, Body mass index, Brazil, Follow-Up Studies, Sono, Demography, Sleep duration
Abstract: Objectives The combination of sleep duration, television (TV) time and body mass index (BMI) may be related to the alteration of cardiometabolic risk. However, there are few studies that use these variables grouped, and showing the moderating role of age. This study aimed to verify if the combination of sleep duration, TV time and BMI is associated with cardiometabolic risk and the moderating role of age in this relationship in youth. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted with 1411 adolescents (611 male), aged 10–17 years. Sleep duration, TV time and BMI were assessed and grouped into eight categories. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed by a continuous metabolic risk score, including the following variables: low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, dysglycemia, high systolic blood pressure, high waist circumference and low cardiorespiratory fitness. Generalized linear models were used to test moderation of age in the relationship between the eight categories of sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk. Results Cardiometabolic risk factor showed association with all overweight or obesity independent of sleep time and TV time. Age moderated the relationship between sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk. This association was stronger in younger adolescents (11 and 13 years), indicating that individuals with inadequate sleep, prolonged TV time and overweight/obesity present higher cardiometabolic risk values when compared to 15-year-old adolescents. Conclusion Overweight/obesity, independently of sleep duration and TV time, is the main risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders in adolescence. When moderated by age, younger adolescents that presented the combination of risk factors had higher cardiometabolic risk.
Published: 2020

6. Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in Brazilian children and adolescents: the mediating role of obesity parameters

Author: Jorge Mota, Caroline Brand, Leticia Borfe, Cézane Priscila Reuter, Anelise Reis Gaya, Michael J. Duncan, and Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner
Subjects: Male, Pediatric Obesity, Mediation (statistics), medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Adolescent, Crianças, Metabolic health, Overweight, Waist-to-height ratio, Body Mass Index, Percentage of body fat, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Adolescentes, Body mass index, Índice de massa corporal, business.industry, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Cardiorespiratory fitness, medicine.disease, Obesity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Blood pressure, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Waist circumference, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Brazil
Abstract: Background There is a lack of clarity as to which obesity parameters may be more important in the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF). Aim To verify the mediating role of different obesity parameters on the association between CRF and CMRF in normal weight and overweight/obese children and adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study comprised 999 children and adolescents (534 boys) aged 7-14 years from the south of Brazil. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and percentage of body fat were assessed. Participants were classified as normal weight, overweight and obese according to BMI. CRF was evaluated by the 6-minute run/walk test. . A continuous CMRF score was calculated by summing the Z-scores of the following variables: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Data analysis was performed using partial correlation and linear regression models. Results BMI, WC, WHtR and percentage of body fat mediated the relationship between CRF and CMRF in overweight/obese boys and girls but not those of normal weight. Additionally, the percentage of the influence of each obesity parameter was 20% for BMI and WC, 16% for percentage of body fat and 18% for WHtR in girls. For boys, the mediation effect was 25% for BMI, 26% for WC, 28% for percentage of body fat and 25% for WHtR. Conclusion Adiposity plays a central role in CMRF; therefore, maintaining an adequate weight status should be an important objective of health-promoting programmes in early age. Abbreviations: CMRF, cardiometabolic risk factors; CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness; BMI. body mass index; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, PROCESS PROESP-Br, Projeto Esporte Brasil; SPSS, Package for Social Sciences; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; WC, waist circumference; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; %BF, percentage of body fat.
Published: 2020

7. Food Consumption is Associated with Hyperuricemia in Boys

Author: Leticia Borfe, Luiza Naujorks Reis, Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner, Silvia Isabel Rech Franke, Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Cézane Priscila Reuter, Caroline Brand, and Anelise Reis Gaya
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Eating, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, School children, Hyperuricemia, Child, Body mass index, Índice de massa corporal, Age Factors, Up-Regulation, Blood pressure, Female, Estudantes, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Adolescent, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Insulin resistance, Environmental health, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, business.industry, Eating habits, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Feeding Behavior, medicine.disease, Obesity, Diet, Uric Acid, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030104 developmental biology, Ácido úrico, chemistry, Pressão arterial, Uric acid, Metabolic syndrome, business, Biomarkers, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Dyslipidemia, Hábitos alimentares
Abstract: Hyperuricemia is related to health issues among children and adolescents, once the uric acid concentration is associated with metabolic syndrome, hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia. However, few studies are addressing uric acid levels and food uptake in this age group. Aim To verify the association between food consumption and uric acid in children and adolescents. Methods This is a cross-sectional study developed with 2335 children and adolescents of both genders aged 6–17 years old. Blood collection was performed after 12 h of fasting. Uric acid values were classifed according to tertiles, in which the highest tertile was considered as hyperuricemia. Food consumption was evaluated by weekly consumption frequency questionnaire. Pearson correlation and logistic binary regressions were used for statistical analysis. Models were adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and skin color/ethnicity. Results It was found an association between red meat consumption and hyperuricemia only in boys in the crude model (OR=1.56; 95% CI 1.12; 2.18). Also, there was an association between pasta (OR=1.52; 95% CI 1.11; 2.10) with hyperuricemia in boys, when adjusted age, systolic blood pressure, BMI, and skin color/ethnicity. Conclusion The knowledge of food patterns which are predisposing factors for the increase in serum uric acid levels is important for the implementation of strategies and public health policies for health promotion among children and adolescents.
Published: 2020

8. Relationship between sleep duration and TV time with cardiometabolic risk in adolescents

Author: Anelise Reis Gaya, Javier Brazo Sayavera, Ana Paula Sehn, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Cézane Priscila Reuter, Caroline Brand, Jorge Mota, Arieli Fernandes Dias, and Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner
Subjects: Waist, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Sex Factors, Risk Factors, medicine, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cardiometabolic risk, Metabolic Syndrome, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Metabolic risk, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Age Factors, Cardiorespiratory fitness, lcsh:RA1-1270, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Sleep, Television, Metabolic syndrome, Adolescent, Blood pressure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cardiovascular Diseases, Sedentary Behavior, business, Brazil, Demography, Sleep duration, Research Article
Abstract: Objective To verify the association between sleep duration and television time with cardiometabolic risk and the moderating role of age, gender, and skin color/ethnicity in this relationship among adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional study with 1411 adolescents (800 girls) aged 10 to 17 years. Television time, sleep duration, age, gender, and skin color/ethnicity were obtained by self-reported questionnaire. Cardiometabolic risk was evaluated using the continuous metabolic risk score, by the sum of the standard z-score values for each risk factor: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glycemia, cardiorespiratory fitness, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. Generalized linear regression models were used. Results There was an association between television time and cardiometabolic risk (β, 0.002; 95% CI, 0.001; 0.003). Short sleep duration (β, 0.422; 95% CI, 0.012; 0.833) was positively associated with cardiometabolic risk. Additionally, age moderated the relationship between television time and cardiometabolic risk (β, − 0.009; 95% CI, − 0.002; − 0.001), suggesting that this relationship was stronger at ages 11 and 13 years (β, 0.004; 95% CI, 0.001; 0.006) compared to 13 to 15 years (β, 0.002; 95% CI, 0.001; 0.004). No association was found in older adolescents (β, 0.001; 95% CI, − 0.002; 0.002). Conclusions Television time and sleep duration are associated with cardiometabolic risk; adolescents with short sleep have higher cardiometabolic risk. In addition, age plays a moderating role in the relationship between TV time and cardiometabolic risk, indicating that in younger adolescents the relationship is stronger compared to older ones.
Published: 2020

9. Multicomponent intervention effect on cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight/obese Brazilian children: a mediation analysis

Author: Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, Clarice Martins, Antonio García-Hermoso, Anelise Reis Gaya, Caroline Brand, Camila Felin Fochesatto, Arieli Fernandes Dias, Rennê Honório, and Jorge Mota
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Mediation (statistics), Crianças, Physical fitness, Psychological intervention, Intervention effect, Physical exercise, Exercício físico, Saúde, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Overweight, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Obesity, Cardiometabolic risk, business.industry, Cardiometabolic health, 030229 sport sciences, Anthropometry, Obesidade, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Purpose To verify whether percentage of body fat, physical ftness, physical activity and calorie intake mediates the multicomponent intervention efect on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese children, and present the relative contribution of each mediator. Methods This is an intervention study, developed with 35 overweight/obese school-aged children (control group=17 and intervention group=18), aged between 7 and 13 years (9.05±1.90). A 12-week multicomponent intervention was performed, consisting of physical exercise, nutritional education sessions and parental support. The following variables were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention: anthropometric measures and percentage of body fat, physical ftness, physical activity assessed by accelerometer, total calorie intake and biochemical assays. For statistical analysis, generalized linear models were used. Results The intervention efect on glucose was mediated by percentage of body fat (24%), muscular ftness (22%) and total calorie intake (40%). The same was observed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), with a mediation proportion of 26, 31 and 35%, respectively, as well as for HDL-C (percentage of body fat −30%, muscular ftness −30% and total calorie intake −33%); while vigorous physical activity mediated the intervention efect on glucose (40%), HDL-C (39%) LDL-C (43%) and total cholesterol (37%). Conclusion Interventions strategies should focus on reducing percentage of body fat and calorie intake, and enhancing muscular ftness and vigorous physical activity to achieve efective changes on cardiometabolic risk factors.
Published: 2020

10. The role of adiposity in the relationship between physical fitness with cardiometabolic risk factors, adipocytokines and inflammation in children

Author: Álvaro Reischak de Oliveira, Jorge Mota, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, César Agostinis-Sobrinho, Juliano Boufleur Farinha, Arieli Fernandes Dias, Anelise Reis Gaya, Caroline Brand, and Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Sports medicine, Adiponectin, business.industry, Leptin, Physical fitness, Adipokine, Cardiorespiratory fitness, 030229 sport sciences, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin resistance, Blood pressure, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, business
Abstract: To assess the role of adiposity in the relationship between physical fitness with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF), adipocytokines and inflammation in children. This cross-sectional analysis, comprised 150 children (80 boys), aged 6–11 years, from a public school in the city of Porto Alegre/Brazil. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), systolic and diastolic blood pressure and percentage of body fat were evaluated. Blood samples were collected to determine leptin, adiponectin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. CMRF was defined by the z score sum of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The association between CRF with CMRF (Indirect effect (IE) = − 0.0005; CI − 0.0010 to − 0.0002) and leptin (IE = − 0.0116; CI − 0.0185 to − 0.0062) is influenced by adiposity. The association between MF and CMRF (IE: − 0.0991; CI − 0.1971 to − 0.0217), leptin (IE: − 3.0251; CI − 4.2660 to − 2.0956) and CRP (IE: − 0.3590; CI − 0.6903 to − 0.0981) were also influenced by adiposity. Furthermore, the relationship between CRF and CMRF (β = 0.0001; p = 0.04) and leptin (β = 0.0008; p = 0.02), as well as between MF and CMRF (β = 0.01; p = 0.02) varied according to adiposity level. Adiposity exert an essential role in the relationship of physical fitness with CMRF, adipocytokines and inflammation in children. This findings support the key role of adiposity, indicating that beyond physical fitness increases, intervention programs should also focus on decreasing adiposity in children.
Published: 2020

11. Metabolic risk associated with liver enzymes, uric acid, and hemoglobin in adolescents

Author: Cézane Priscila Reuter, Rodrigo Antunes Lima, Silvia Isabel Rech Franke, Sonimar de Souza, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner, Elza Daniel de Mello, Anelise Reis Gaya, and Lars Bo Andersen
Subjects: Male, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Adolescent, Population, Gastroenterology, Hemoglobins, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, Odds Ratio, medicine, Humans, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Child, education, Adolescentes, Triglycerides, Metabolismo, Metabolic Syndrome, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Area under the curve, Alanine Transaminase, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Odds ratio, Uric Acid, Cross-Sectional Studies, Blood pressure, Obesidade, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Liver, chemistry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Uric acid, Female, Hemoglobin, Lipoproteins, HDL, business, Brazil, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: BACKGROUND The associations of renal, hepatic, and hematologic markers with metabolic risk (MR) have already been shown in adolescents. However, it is still controversial which marker best predicts metabolic changes in youth. The aim of this study was to verify the association of MR with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), uric acid, and hemoglobin (Hb) in adolescents. METHODS We evaluated 1713 Brazilian adolescents aged 10 to 17 years. MR was calculated using a continuous metabolic risk score, including the sum of Z-scores of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Cutoff points were set for MR prediction for five metabolic components (ALT, AST, AST/ALT ratio, uric acid, and Hb). RESULTS MR was strongly associated with increased uric acid (odds ratio [OR]: 2.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.74-3.59), ALT (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.63-4.27), and AST levels (OR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.24-5.18). Uric acid was shown to be the best predictor for MR (sensitivity: 55.79%; specificity: 61.35%; area under the curve: 0.616). CONCLUSION Elevated hepatic, renal, and hematological markers were associated with MR in adolescents, especially ALT, AST, and uric acid levels. IMPACT Elevated hepatic, renal, and hematological markers were associated with metabolic risk in adolescents, especially ALT, AST, and uric acid levels. It is still controversial which marker best predicts metabolic changes in adolescents. In addition, association of Hb with metabolic risk is under-studied in this population. It is important to further investigate the relationship between elevated Hb and hepatic markers, since there are key aspects not addressed yet. Our results highlight the importance of creating public health policies aimed to child and adolescent population, to prevention of metabolic disorders from an early age.
Published: 2020

12. Effects and prevalence of responders after a multicomponent intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity: Action for health study

Author: Maria Luisa Félix Pessoa, Caroline Brand, Anelise Reis Gaya, Eduardo Lusa Cadore, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, Clarice Martins, Vanilson Batista Lemes, Arieli Fernandes Dias, and Jorge Mota
Subjects: Male, Parents, Pediatric Obesity, Adolescent, Crianças, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Exercício físico, Saúde, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Environmental health, Intervention (counseling), Body Fat Distribution, Homeostasis, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Obesity, Child, Exercise, Adolescentes, Triglycerides, Cardiometabolic risk, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Cardiometabolic health, Overweight obesity, Social Support, Physical exercise, Alanine Transaminase, Cholesterol, LDL, 030229 sport sciences, Overweight, Cholesterol, Obesidade, Action (philosophy), Youth, Female, Diet, Healthy, Insulin Resistance, business
Abstract: This study aimed to verify the effect of a multicomponent intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF), and to determine the prevalence of responders on CMRF among children and adolescents with overweight/ obesity. This is a quasi-experimental study, developed with 35 children and adolescents with overweight/ obesity (control group (CG) = 18; intervention group (IG) = 17), aged between 7 and 13 years. Participants in IG underwent a multicomponent intervention for 12 weeks. The following variables were evaluated: anthropometric measures, maturational stages and CMRF (body fatness, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, high-density and low-density lipoprotein) (HDL-C, LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and AST/ALT ratio. Mixed analysis of variance and the prevalence of responders were used for statistical analysis. There was a significant time x group interaction on body fatness (p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (p = 0.01), HDL-C (p < 0.001), LDL-C (p = 0.009) and TC (p < 0.001). The prevalence of responders for CMRF in IG and CG was respectively: body fatness (47%; 0%; p = 0.04), HOMA-IR (58.8%; 16.6%; p = 0.04); triglycerides (17.6%; 5.5%; p = 0.31); HDL-C (76.4%; 5.5%; p = 0.01), LDL-C (35.3%; 5%; p = 0.08), TC (64.7%; 5%; p = 0.01), AST (5.8%; 0%; p = 0.87), ALT (29.4%; 11.1%; p = 0.24) and AST/ALT ratio (24.4%; 22.2%; p = 0.67). Multicomponent intervention induced positive changes on CMRF along with a higher prevalence of positive adaptations in IG than the CG in some of the cardiometabolic outcomes assessed.
Published: 2020

13. SONO E SAÚDE MENTAL INFANTIL: PAPEL DA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E APTIDÃO CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIA

Author: Camila Felin Fochesatto, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, Jorge Mota, Caroline Brand, Vanilson Batista Lemes, Clarice Martins, Anelise Reis Gaya, and Denise Ruschel Bandeira
Subjects: Crianças, Primary education, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Exercício físico, Salud mental, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Children, Niños, Socioeconomic status, Anamnesis, Physical activity, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Saúde mental, Ejercicio físico, Capacidad cardiovascular, Mental health, Health indicator, Sueño, Confidence interval, Sports medicine, Sleep, business, RC1200-1245, Sono, Aptidão cardiorrespiratória, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Introduction: Sleep is considered an important health indicator and plays a key role in brain development and plasticity. Objective: To ascertain whether there is a relationship between sleep quality and mental health indicators and whether organized physical activity (PA) or cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) act as moderators of this association. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 226 students between six and 11 years of age, male and female, in the early years of elementary education at a public school in Porto Alegre, Brazil, which was selected for convenience. CRF was measured by running test and six-minute walk. Sleep quality and organized physical activity outside of school were verified through an anamnesis, socioeconomic status through an adaptation of the ABEP (Brazilian Association of Research Companies) questionnaire, and mental health indicators with the assistance of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, all answered by parents. Frequencies, means, standard deviations and generalized linear models were used for the data analysis, while a 95% confidence interval was used for the analyses. Results: Sleep quality was associated with total difficulties (β=7.659, p
Published: 2020

14. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Author: Maryam Sharafkhah, Emanuel Zitt, Majid Ezzati, Luxia Zhang, Young-Ho Khang, Ellina Rakhimova, Kairit Mikkel, Tiina Vlasoff, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Ilona Nenko, Magdalena Klimek, Mathilde Savy, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, Alfonso Siani, Luís Lopes, Vanina Bongard, Gregor Jurak, Jacqueline F. Price, Christina-Paulina Lambrinou, Maria Lc Iurilli, Rainford J. Wilks, Bontha V. Babu, Fereidoun Azizi, Harunobu Nakamura, Marialaura Bonaccio, Angela Döring, Zhenyu Zhang, Naser Ahmadi, Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer, Ana Paula Carlos Cândido, Clive Osmond, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Robert J. Adams, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Reina Engle-Stone, Atul Trivedi, Shoichiro Tsugane, Niels Møller, Jorge Bezerra, Dénes Molnár, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Badreya Al-Lahou, J. Jaime Miranda, Bahram Mohajer, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Lital Keinan Boker, Eero Kajantie, Martin Gulliford, Maties Torrent, Sumit Bharadwaj, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Zbigniew Gaciong, Nayu Ikeda, Li Juan Wu, Adrian Richter, Licia Iacoviello, Marc J. Gunter, Wenbin Wei, Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Eman Aly, Ambady Ramachandran, Nils Lehmann, Soile E. Puhakka, Giovanni Veronesi, Hongsheng Bi, Eiji Oda, Jia Li Duan, Per Tynelius, José María Huerta, Janne Schurmann Tolstrup, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Rosangela Fernandes Lucena Batista, Victoria E Soto-Rojas, Hanno Ulmer, Shukri F. Mohamed, Anthony Kafatos, Suyeon Park, Mohsen Ibrahim, Hamed Pouraram, Bin Zhou, May Soe Aung, Lars Bo Andersen, Erfan Ghasemi, René Charles Sylva, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Luc Dauchet, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Angela Chetrit, Dan Zhu, Valérie Deschamps, Ko Ko Zaw, Peter Vollenweider, Tomas Vega, Yves Martin-Prével, Mahfuzar Rahman, Dorja Vočanec, Roman Topor-Madry, Vinay Nangia, Herculina S. Kruger, Asher Fawwad, Emily Sonestedt, Elena Pahomova, Aleksander Giwercman, Elżbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Cecilia Björkelund, Tatjana Hejgaard, Maria Puiu, Maria Benedetta Donati, Andrew Wong, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Santosh K. Bhargava, Patrick Kolsteren, Dermot O'Reilly, Bahareh Kheiri, Wolfgang Kratzer, Susanne R. de Rooij, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Günther Fink, José R. Banegas, Michele Monroy-Valle, Drude Molbo, Mahmudur Rahman, Hynek Pikhart, Rafael N. Pichardo, Massimo Salvetti, Hui Cai, Sarah Filippi, Georg Posch, Hung-Kwan So, Yonghua Hu, Katsuyasu Kouda, Joana Carvalho, Gailute Bernotiene, Hannu Uusitalo, Thein Thein Htay, Felix Kaducu, Maigeng Zhou, Lars Ängquist, Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran, Charles Lunogelo, Michel Joffres, Sabina Zambon, Ronald D. Gregor, Vayia Rarra, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Loreto Santa Marina, Galina Obreja, Rudolf Kaaks, Aya Mostafa, Maria do Carmo Franco, Beata Gurzkowska, Chien-Jen Chen, Marie Moitry, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Xiangjun Wang, Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro, Imperia Brajkovich, Fangfang Chen, Francesco Panza, Ling Yang, Holly E. Syddall, Cecily Kelleher, Michael Tornaritis, Ningli Wang, Lutgarde Thijs, Marjolein Visser, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, María José Tormo, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Norbert Amougou, Emmanuella Magriplis, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Jingli Gao, Stig E. Bojesen, Giuseppe Grosso, Seongjun Ha, Lauren Lissner, Mikhail Benet, Anastasia Markaki, Sanjay Rampal, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Angelique Chan, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Annamari Lundqvist, Philippe Amouyel, Kristyna Zejglicova, Charalambos Hadjigeorgiou, João Breda, Jørgen Meisfjord, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Carl Lachat, Kai-Uwe Saum, Vilma Irazola, Leng Huat Foo, Óscar Lopes, Dickman Gareta, Flavio Nervi, Imre Janszky, Ruzena Kubinova, Terho Lehtimäki, Mario V. Capanzana, Moyses Szklo, Ramfis Nieto-Martínez, Viswanathan Mohan, Shuohua Chen, Arvind Pandey, Luigi Palmieri, Roya Kelishadi, Srinivasan Kannan, Jie Mi, Robert Beaglehole, Liliana Dacica, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Mohan Deepa, Peter Ueda, Isti Ilmiati Fujiati, Hermann Pohlabeln, Morten Sodemann, Jytte Halkjær, Zbigniew Kułaga, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Farshad Farzadfar, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Henry Völzke, Karolina Milkowska, Zahra Mohammadi, Belgin Ünal, Magda Gasull, George S. Stergiou, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Seppo Koskinen, James E. Bennett, Marcela González-Gross, Virginija Dulskiene, Idris Guessous, Assembekov Batyrbek, Kamarul Imran Musa, Jeannette Lee, Josep Redon, Bihungum Bista, Luisa M Macieira, Johan Sundström, Andres Metspalu, Lariane M Ono, Flora A. Ukoli, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Andrea Gualtieri, Trevor S. Ferguson, Félicité Tchibindat, Eliza Cinteza, Ha Tp Do, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Tuyen D Le, Alison J. Hayes, Abdul Basit, Chandini Nekkantti, Teresa Norat, Eunice Ugel, Gulmira Aitmurzaeva, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Abdul Hamid Zargar, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Garry L. Jennings, Aline Meirhaeghe, Kaare Christensen, Päivi Mäki, Xu Lin, Ali Esmaeili, Joanna Baran, Aneta Grajda, Renata Cifkova, Alexandre C. Pereira, Martin Bobak, Iuliia A Rusakova, Keiu Nelis, Damian K Francis, Guansheng Ma, Axel C. Carlsson, Alejandro Diaz, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, N Capkova, Zumin Shi, Maria Turley, Imelda A. Agdeppa, Helena I. S. Nogueira, Marcia Scazufca, Katharina Maruszczak, Natascia Rinaldo, Paulo A. Lotufo, Nuno Lunet, Thor Aspelund, Caroline H.D. Fall, Antonio Cabrera de León, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Holger Theobald, Beatriz D'Agord Schaan, Pedro Marques-Vidal, William A. Neal, Mihai Gafencu, Tandi E. Matsha, Ana B. Crujeiras, Ahmad Reza Dorosty, Alain Morejon, Weili Yan, Dominique Hange, Bekbolat Zholdin, Frédéric Gottrand, Jorge Mota, Jana Námešná, Stevo Popovic, Louise Eriksen, Line Lund Kårhus, Cihangir Erem, Juergen Breckenkamp, Mathilde Kersting, Yi Song, Martin McKee, Aleksandra Gomula, Rafaela Rosário, Enzo Manzato, S. Goya Wannamethee, Sounnia Mediene Benchekor, Azim Nejatizadeh, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Juan P. González-Rivas, Vedrana Sember, Stephen T. McGarvey, Jukka T. Salonen, Patrick Pasquet, Patricia Varona-Pérez, Amelia C. Crampin, Ramin Heshmat, Violeta Iotova, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Oye Gureje, Aletta E. Schutte, João Luiz Bastos, Anelise Reis Gaya, Konrad Jamrozik, Dalia Luksiene, Amina Barkat, Maria Paula Santos, José Camolas, Azli Baharudin, Diego Vanuzzo, Doris Stöckl, Rosalynn Siantar, Jouko Saramies, Albertino Damasceno, Davood Khalili, Simona Bo, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Dominique Cottel, Markku Peltonen, Fikru Tullu, Ana Isabel Rito, Angélica Ochoa-Avilés, Annette J. Dobson, Christopher T. Cowell, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Farahnaz Joukar, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Mostafa Qorbani, Jeongseon Kim, Helmut Schröder, Machi Suka, Natasja M. van Schoor, Jussi Kauhanen, Teresa Haugsgjerd, Goodarz Danaei, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Yong Tao, Elisabetta L. Romeo, Grazyna Jasienska, Victor Guillermo Sequera, Kazem Mohammad, Yanina Zócalo, Fernanda Cunha Soares, Jianfeng Wu, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, María Elena Díaz-Sánchez, Monika Zuziak, Eldridge Ferrer, Anette Varbo, Leila Beltrami Moreira, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Kenneth James, Elena Sacchini, Pascal Bovet, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Tania Lopez, Ya Xing Wang, Wojciech Drygas, Jody C Miller, Svetlana A. Shalnova, Maria Elisa Zapata, Chung T Nguyen, Nimmathota Arlappa, Edwige Landais, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Jeannette Klimont, Amirabbas Momenan, Erik J. Timmermans, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Jost B. Jonas, Stefania Toselli, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, Bahman Cheraghian, Kouamelan Doua, Esteban Carmuega, Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković, Bo Werner, M. Arfan Ikram, Breige A. McNulty, Christa Meisinger, Clara Homs, Namuna Shrestha, Alina Kerimkulova, Youcef Laid, Claes Ohlsson, Alicia Matijasevich, Alison J Price, Ala'a Alkerwi, Kristine H. Allin, Lorenza Pilotto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Ingunn Holden Bergh, Marianna Noale, Heba Fouad, Vilnis Dzerve, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Peter Willeit, Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto, Freda Pitakaka, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Savvas C. Savva, Rajeev Gupta, Jennifer Servais, Cristina Padez, Sarah P. Garnett, Maria del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Michala Lustigová, Tien Yin Wong, Rosa Haghshenas, Jonathan Giovannelli, Christina Howitt, Marleen E. Hendriks, Fadia AlBuhairan, Huashuai Chen, Gretchen A Stevens, Luís B. Sardinha, David Goltzman, Jenny M. Kindblom, Karina Mary de Paiva, Yousef Khader, Eric Monterrubio-Flores, Rajendra Pradeepa, Yi-Ting Lin, Martin Neovius, Juan Francisco Miquel, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Anil Poudyal, Marzieh Katibeh, Tanja Stocks, Veronica Mocanu, Ulla Roggenbuck, Robespierre Ribeiro, Gabriele Eiben, Mary Simon, Christine Cameron, Hamid Hakimi, Kamel Ajlouni, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Iulia Jurca Simina, Pietro Amedeo Modesti, Frederick C. W. Wu, Peter Kristensen, Charles Mondo, Felix Gutzwiller, Mariana Sbaraini, Martijn Huisman, Betina H. Thuesen, Queenie Chan, Antonisamy Belavendra, Artur Mazur, Ulf Ekelund, Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar, Marcos André Moura-dos-Santos, Jean Ferrières, Farhad Zamani, Shina Avi, Yves Kameli, Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas, Aluísio J D Barros, Thomas Meinertz Dantoft, Hossein Poustchi, Farid Najafi, Giovanni de Gaetano, Azaliia M Tuliakova, Vera Lanska, Tint Swe Latt, Matthias Bopp, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Rod Jackson, Johan Van der Heyden, Reecha Sofat, Koen Van Herck, Allan G. Hill, Con Burns, Emanuela Pettenuzzo, Ming-Dong Wang, Stela McLachlan, Ulrike Gehring, Ranko Stevanovic, Nagalla Balakrishna, Lekhraj Rampal, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, Saeid Eslami, Napoleón Pérez-Farinós, G. K. Mini, Viktoria Anna Kovacs, Rosemarie Martin, Nahla Hwalla, Wei Zheng, Hoang Van Minh, Edward D Janus, Laetitia Huiart, Farhad Pourfarzi, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Fred Paccaud, Marcia Makdisse, Aye Aye Sein, Enrique Gutiérrez-González, Yang Yang, Anneke Blokstra, Henrike Galenkamp, Jaume Marrugat, Nazan Yardim, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Jesús Ibarluzea, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Laura Lauria, Argyro Karakosta, Dragana P Jovic, Jun Hata, Elio Riboli, Piotr Bandosz, Xun Tang, Parvina Mukhtorova, Jean Dallongeville, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Anne Tjønneland, Guillermo Frontera, Rahul Malhotra, Thomas Ferrao, Aleksandra Piwońska, Dusan Grafnetter, Mette Rasmussen, Daniel Weghuber, Sherali Rakhmatulloev, Martine Vrijheid, Johann Willeit, Motahareh Kheradmand, Małgorzata Mossakowska, Lechaba Tshepo, Dongfeng Gu, Hyeon Chang Kim, Vilmundur Gudnason, Maria Forsner, Peter Bjerregaard, Leon A. Simons, Rachael McLean, Japhet Killewo, Ramón Suárez-Medina, Y Nikitin, Eng Joo Tan, Jean Claude Mbanya, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Renata Kuciene, Kairat Davletov, Jose Eugenio Lozano, Afshin Ostovar, Niloofar Peykari, Guy De Backer, Soheir H Ahmed, Nicholas J. Wareham, Sai Yin Ho, Constanta Huidumac Petrescu, Maria Hassapidou, Iris Pigeot, Myriam Galfo, Susana Cararo Confortin, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Catterina Ferreccio, Fabio Galvano, Leila Houti, Daniel Bia, Annika Rosengren, Marcin Rutkowski, Biruta Velika, Joana Araújo, Fernando Rigo, Angela Spinelli, Scott B. McLean, Shirin Djalalinia, Marie Kunešová, Boban Mugoša, Sania Nishtar, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Shahla AlDhukair, Helle-Mai Loit, Antonis Zampelas, Altan Onat, Maciej Banach, Shohreh Naderimagham, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen, Yin Guo, Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska, Parasmani Dasgupta, Elvis Oa Wambiya, Inge Huybrechts, Raimund Erbel, Jari Jokelainen, Ana P. Ortiz, Stefan Kiechl, Emmanuel Cohen, Caleb Ochimana, Shynar Abdrakhmanova, Laura Censi, Iqbal Bata, Geetha R Menon, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Domenico Palli, Ana Azevedo, Slawomir Koziel, Benoît Salanave, Parinaz Mehdipour, Shu Ti Chiou, Lela Sturua, Lubica Ticha, Felipe Vogt Cureau, Jin Soo Moon, Ming-Hui Zhao, Urho M. Kujala, Nathalie Michels, Ertugrul Celikcan, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Judith Benedics, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Agnès Le Port, Reza Homayounfar, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Tai Hing Lam, Yn-Tz Sung, Jürgen König, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Karen Morgan, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Cynthia M. Pérez, Ilse Khouw, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, Dong Wook Shin, Genc Burazeri, Ausra Petrauskiene, Charles Sossa Jérome, Kenisha Russell Jonsson, José Boggia, Daniela Galeone, Alice Bonilla-Vargas, Han Cg Kemper, Rahman Shiri, Stefaan Demarest, Else Karin Grøholt, San-Lin You, Adelheid Weber, Juha Auvinen, Aida Pilav, Sibel Gogen, Suzanne N Morin, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Viviane Cunha Cardoso, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Hana Zamrazilová, Frank Claessens, Karien Stronks, Helen Gonçalves, Tahir Aris, Luis Revilla, Sérgio Viana Peixoto, Zhamilya Battakova, Jing Liu, Eliza Markidou Ioannidou, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Priscilla Duboz, Sandjaja, Tiina Laatikainen, Rafel Ramos, Sareh Eghtesad, Judith Simons, Orn Olafsson, E. Shyong Tai, Louise A. Baur, Nihal Thomas, Aung Soe Htet, Bente Sparboe-Nilsen, Paul Elliott, Soon-Woo Park, Angel R. Gonzalez, Ying-Wei Wang, Rob M. van Dam, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Ludmila Sevcikova, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Lynell V Maniego, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Maria Dorobantu, Giovanni Viegi, Xiaoguang Yang, Honor Bixby, Prakash C. Gupta, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Eugene Sobngwi, Ričardas Radišauskas, Jurate Medzioniene, Roy A Wong-McClure, Kim F. Michaelsen, Antonia Trichopoulou, Tania Tello, Francesco Branca, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Els Clays, Wei-Yen Lim, Suzanne C. Ho, Toomas Veidebaum, Rebecca Goldsmith, Margot González-León, Matthias Nauck, Alibek Mereke, Marta Buoncristiano, Jakob Tarp, Rosalba Rojas-Martínez, Maya Tanrygulyyeva, Reza Malekzadeh, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Pedro Ordunez, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Anne Juolevi, Vassilis Zafiropulos, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, Jordi Sunyer, Manu Raj, Chaoqiang Jiang, Sofia Malyutina, Efthymios Kapantais, Maria Lazo-Porras, Maung Maung Than Htike, Michael Hobbs, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Merike Liivak, Johan G. Eriksson, Margarita Samoutian, Andreia N. Pizarro, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Jean Woo, Kaspar Staub, Maria Teresa Menzano, Mojtaba Farjam, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya, Mohammad El-khateeb, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Hsien-Ho Lin, Oscar Noboa, Thomas Waldhör, Garry Brian, Simona Costanzo, Frank Tanser, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Michelle Cilia, Ivo Rakovac, Bill Stavreski, Ioannis Pagkalos, Ivan Pećin, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Abla M. Sibai, Yuna He, Matsuda Fumihiko, Bharathi Viswanathan, Ali Reza Safarpour, Wei Cheng Lo, Abdullatif Husseini, Jiang He, Liv Elin Torheim, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Aicha Soumare, Astrid Petersmann, Tomasz Grodzicki, Davide Noto, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Kelias P. Msyamboza, William R. Tebar, Yingfeng Zheng, Eha Nurk, Bhawesh Koirala, Ana Jelakovic, Suhad Bahijri, Freja B Kampmann, Qi Sheng You, Marika Ferrari, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Aline Wagner, Olfa Saidi, Anwar Batieha, Eduardo Capuano, Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani, Dong Wook Kim, Albina A Fakhretdinova, Tom Wilsgaard, Maria Avdicova, Moesijanti Soekatri, Chiara Donfrancesco, Salim Mohanna, Paola Russo, Uruwan Yamborisut, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Martin Nankap, Allan Linneberg, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Kirsten Mehlig, Christina Mavrogianni, Raluca Pop, Lèlita Santos, Graziella Bruno, Valentina Peterkova, Iná S. Santos, Georg Lappas, Alberto Palloni, Malay K. Mridha, Andrzej Pajak, Marta García-Solano, Stefaan De Henauw, Daniel Ferrante, Rute Santos, Anders Grøntved, Lucjan Szponar, Mihaela Vladulescu, Chien-An Sun, Jan A. Staessen, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, Maria Nordendahl, Elaine M. Dennison, Jeonghee Lee, Diego Salmerón, Ida Maria Schmidt, Gao Pei, Noushin Mohammadifard, Igor Spiroski, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Xu Ma, Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd, Valéria Regecová, Cláudia S. Minderico, Johanna A. Otero, Jamila Abubakar Garba, Vesselka Duleva, Rui Ornelas, Ilpo Huhtaniemi, Cesar G. Victora, Lijuan Liu, Rody G. Sy, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Ali Ahmadi, Antonio Pedro Graça, Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska, Miao Li Chee, Michael Sjöström, Charles Agyemang, Shiqi Zhen, Xiu-Hua Guo, Pawel Kurjata, Jardena J. Puder, Mehrdad Azmin, Neil Murphy, Kaosar Afsana, Alireza Sadjadi, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Prashant Mathur, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias, Yannis Manios, Majid Shirani, Rosemary B. Duda, Liis Nelis, Jurate Klumbiene, Zhengming Chen, Wichai Aekplakorn, Alun Evans, Andrzej Wiecek, Lars Lind, Denise Eldemire-Shearer, Bernardo L. Horta, Macia Enguerran, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Kumiko Ohara, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Hermann Brenner, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Espen Bjertness, Jutta Stieber, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Joel G. R. Roy, Aryeh D. Stein, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Vera Musil, Amaneh Shayanrad, Marcel Goldberg, Ramon O. Jimenez, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Jolanda Hyska, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Elin Kolle, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Michelle Holdsworth, Felipe F. Casanueva, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Niels Wedderkopp, Eva Corpeleijn, Elias F. Gudmundsson, Antonio Mistretta, Daniel Lemogoum, Larissa Pruner Marques, Slavica Sović, Olli T. Raitakari, Marco Aurélio Peres, Alexandra Cucu, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, Janine Clarke, Andrea Gazzinelli, Mieczysław Litwin, Sara Schramm, Xenophon Theodoridis, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Mohammad Reza Mirjalili, Dimitrios Papandreou, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Ben Schöttker, Prabhdeep Kaur, Norlaila Mustafa, Shariq Rashid Masoodi, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Adolfo Rubinstein, Francis Delpeuch, Julianne Williams, Abbas Dehghan, Leanne M. Riley, Heloisa Bettiol, Gabriele Nagel, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Ekaterina Stoyanova, Alisha N. Wade, Zhamyila Usupova, Arnaud Chiolero, Oonagh Markey, Jacqueline Ramke, Elena Bogova, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Nguyen D Nguyen, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Jose Sanchez-Abanto, Rômulo Araújo Fernandes, Lourdes Ribas-Barba, Nalan Uysal, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Krista Fischer, Maria Wany Louzada Strufaldi, Ramiro Guerrero, Farnam Mohebi, Tran Quoc Bao, Flávio Danni Fuchs, Salim Berkinbayev, Enisa Kujundzic, Sari Voutilainen, Farzad Hadaegh, Robert Lundqvist, Saeid Safiri, Iraj Mohebbi, George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho, Annette Peters, Gonzalo Valdivia, Magdalena Korzycka, Rajiv T Erasmus, Masanori Iwasaki, Charmaine A. Duante, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Quang Ngoc La, Ricky Eddie, Petra Rust, Daniela Rodrigues, Dirk De Bacquer, Karen Sparrenberger, Agneta Sjöberg, Thet Thet Mu, Katarzyna Dereń, Cora L. Craig, Jorge Motta, Janina Petkeviciene, Boyd Swinburn, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Visnja Djordjic, Ramón Alberto Rascón-Pacheco, Pradeep Joshi, Daan Kromhout, Marius B. Bjertness, Stefano Marventano, Juel Jarani, Alireza Khosravi, Eva Martos, David De Ridder, Lizzy M. Brewster, Nico Dragano, Liam Smeeth, Kenji Shibuya, Emma Ruiz Moreno, Hashem Jaddou, Grzegorz Sobek, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza, Abu Am Hanif, Elaine M. Murtagh, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Graziella D'Arrigo, Kyungwon Oh, Heiner Boeing, Regina Heidinger-Felso, André Luiz Sena Guimarães, Balkish M. Naidu, Avula Laxmaiah, Ana M. B. Menezes, Marie Eliasen, Francesco Pistelli, Yuan He, Dusko Bjelica, José A. Casajús, Guang Ning, Lutgart Braeckman, Dirk Vanderschueren, Jochanan Stessman, Ivana Radic, Yi Zeng, Hans Concin, Damaskini Valvi, Sari Hantunen, Catherine Kyobutungi, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Wenhua Zhao, Sok King Ong, Anne W. Taylor, Iraj Nabipour, Justyna Godos, Cyrus Cooper, Mattias Johansson, Samuel C. Dumith, Magdalena Muc, Sabine Schipf, Idowu O Senbanjo, Jim Mann, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Yih Chung Tham, Kay-Tee Khaw, Joseph Cacciottolo, Ana Henriques, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Bernhard O. Boehm, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Iveta Pudule, Elisabete Ramos, Lacramioara Aurelia Brinduse, Paul H. Lee, Terence W O'Neill, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Margus Punab, Bojan Jelaković, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Takafumi Ishida, Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener, Mirjam M. Heinen, Tazeen H. Jafar, Semánová Csilla, Constance Schultsz, Santiago F. Gomez, Raija Korpelainen, Edward W. Gregg, Laura Gutierrez, Pierre Traissac, Victor M. Herrera, Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Shouling Wu, Jennifer L. Baker, Clicerio González-Villalpando, Eleonora d'Orsi, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Anna Fijałkowska, Wen-Harn Pan, Gregor Starc, Meghnath Dhimal, Murat Topbaş, George Moschonis, Robert Eggertsen, Abdullah Alkandari, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Janette Walton, Elnaz Faramarzi, Saeed Dastgiri, Lien Braeckevelt, Nasheeta Peer, Radka Taxová Braunerová, Mohamed M. Ali, Steiner Krokstad, Harald Geiger, Morteza Shamshirgaran, Lela Shengelia, María Ángeles Dal Re Saavedra, Silvana Donoso, Khem Bahadur Karki, Timothy J. Key, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Susana Vale, Felix K. Assah, Juan A Rivera, Peter H. Whincup, Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea, Cassiano Ricardo Rech, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Jaakko Mursu, Luis A. Moreno, Glen Gironella, Jelena Kos, Tilema Cama, Haakon E. Meyer, Jun Ma, Raphael E. Arku, Ziad Abdeen, Dianna J. 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Ltd, Orebro University, University of London, Universitas Indonesia, Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, University of Cyprus, Niigata University, International Medical University, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Care, Peking University First Hospital, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sun Yat-sen University, West Kazakhstan Medical University, Inner Mongolia Medical University, University of Ghana, Maria Lc Iurilli , Bin Zhou , James E Bennett , Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco , Marisa K Sophiea , Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez , Honor Bixby , Bethlehem D Solomon , Cristina Taddei , Goodarz Danaei , Mariachiara Di Cesare , Gretchen A Stevens , Leanne M Riley , Stefan Savin , Melanie J Cowan , Pascal Bovet , Albertino Damasceno , Adela Chirita-Emandi , Alison J Hayes , Nayu Ikeda , Rod T Jackson , Young-Ho Khang , Avula Laxmaiah , Jing Liu , J Jaime Miranda , Olfa Saidi , Sylvain Sebert , Maroje Sorić , Gregor Starc , Edward W Gregg , Leandra Abarca-Gómez , Ziad A Abdeen , Shynar Abdrakhmanova , Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar , Hanan F Abdul Rahim , Niveen M Abu-Rmeileh , Jamila Abubakar Garba , Benjamin Acosta-Cazares , Robert J Adams , Wichai Aekplakorn , Kaosar Afsana , Shoaib Afzal , Imelda A Agdeppa , Javad Aghazadeh-Attari , Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas , Charles Agyemang , Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad , Noor Ani Ahmad , Ali Ahmadi , Naser Ahmadi , Soheir H Ahmed , Wolfgang Ahrens , Gulmira Aitmurzaeva , Kamel Ajlouni , Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa , Badreya Al-Lahou , Rajaa Al-Raddadi , Monira Alarouj , Fadia AlBuhairan , Shahla AlDhukair , Mohamed M Ali , Abdullah Alkandari , Ala'a Alkerwi , Kristine Allin , Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol , Eman Aly , Deepak N Amarapurkar , Parisa Amiri , Norbert Amougou , Philippe Amouyel , Lars Bo Andersen , Sigmund A Anderssen , Lars Ängquist , Ranjit Mohan Anjana , Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam , Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri , Joana Araújo , Inger Ariansen , Tahir Aris , Raphael E Arku , Nimmathota Arlappa , Krishna K Aryal , Thor Aspelund , Felix K Assah , Maria Cecília F Assunção , May Soe Aung , Juha Auvinen , Mária Avdicová , Shina Avi , Ana Azevedo , Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad , Fereidoun Azizi , Mehrdad Azmin , Bontha V Babu , Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen , Azli Baharudin , Suhad Bahijri , Jennifer L Baker , Nagalla Balakrishna , Mohamed Bamoshmoosh , Maciej Banach , Piotr Bandosz , José R Banegas , Joanna Baran , Barbagallo CM, Alberto Barceló , Amina Barkat , Aluisio Jd Barros , Mauro Virgílio Gomes Barros , Abdul Basit , Joao Luiz D Bastos , Iqbal Bata , Anwar M Batieha , Rosangela L Batista , Zhamilya Battakova , Assembekov Batyrbek , Louise A Baur , Robert Beaglehole , Silvia Bel-Serrat , Antonisamy Belavendra , Habiba Ben Romdhane , Judith Benedics , Mikhail Benet , Ingunn Holden Bergh , Salim Berkinbayev , Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz , Gailute Bernotiene , Heloísa Bettiol , Jorge Bezerra , Aroor Bhagyalaxmi , Sumit Bharadwaj , Santosh K Bhargava , Zulfiqar A Bhutta , Hongsheng Bi , Yufang Bi , Daniel Bia , Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Mukharram M Bikbov , Bihungum Bista , Dusko J Bjelica , Peter Bjerregaard , Espen Bjertness , Marius B Bjertness , Cecilia Björkelund , Katia V Bloch , Anneke Blokstra , Simona Bo , Martin Bobak , Lynne M Boddy , Bernhard O Boehm , Heiner Boeing , Jose G Boggia , Elena Bogova , Carlos P Boissonnet , Stig E Bojesen , Marialaura Bonaccio , Vanina Bongard , Alice Bonilla-Vargas , Matthias Bopp , Herman Borghs , Lien Braeckevelt , Lutgart Braeckman , Marjolijn Ce Bragt , Imperia Brajkovich , Francesco Branca , Juergen Breckenkamp , João Breda , Hermann Brenner , Lizzy M Brewster , Garry R Brian , Lacramioara Brinduse , Sinead Brophy , Graziella Bruno , H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita , Anna Bugge , Marta Buoncristiano , Genc Burazeri , Con Burns , Antonio Cabrera de León , Joseph Cacciottolo , Hui Cai , Tilema Cama , Christine Cameron , José Camolas , Günay Can , Ana Paula C Cândido , Felicia Cañete , Mario V Capanzana , Nadežda Capková , Eduardo Capuano , Vincenzo Capuano , Marloes Cardol , Viviane C Cardoso , Axel C Carlsson , Esteban Carmuega , Joana Carvalho , José A Casajús , Felipe F Casanueva , Ertugrul Celikcan , Laura Censi , Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza , Juraci A Cesar , Snehalatha Chamukuttan , Angelique W Chan , Queenie Chan , Himanshu K Chaturvedi , Nish Chaturvedi , Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim , Miao Li Chee , Chien-Jen Chen , Fangfang Chen , Huashuai Chen , Shuohua Chen , Zhengming Chen , Ching-Yu Cheng , Bahman Cheraghian , Angela Chetrit , Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener , Arnaud Chiolero , Shu-Ti Chiou , María-Dolores Chirlaque , Belong Cho , Kaare Christensen , Diego G Christofaro , Jerzy Chudek , Renata Cifkova , Michelle Cilia , Eliza Cinteza , Frank Claessens , Janine Clarke , Els Clays , Emmanuel Cohen , Hans Concin , Susana C Confortin , Cyrus Cooper , Tara C Coppinger , Eva Corpeleijn , Simona Costanzo , Dominique Cottel , Chris Cowell , Cora L Craig , Amelia C Crampin , Ana B Crujeiras , Semánová Csilla , Alexandra M Cucu , Liufu Cui , Felipe V Cureau , Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska , Graziella D'Arrigo , Eleonora d'Orsi , Liliana Dacica , María Ángeles Dal Re Saavedra , Jean Dallongeville , Camilla T Damsgaard , Rachel Dankner , Thomas M Dantoft , Parasmani Dasgupta , Saeed Dastgiri , Luc Dauchet , Kairat Davletov , Guy De Backer , Dirk De Bacquer , Giovanni de Gaetano , Stefaan De Henauw , Paula Duarte de Oliveira , David De Ridder , Karin De Ridder , Susanne R de Rooij , Delphine De Smedt , Mohan Deepa , Alexander D Deev , Vincent Jr DeGennaro , Abbas Dehghan , Hélène Delisle , Francis Delpeuch , Stefaan Demarest , Elaine Dennison , Katarzyna Dereń , Valérie Deschamps , Meghnath Dhimal , Augusto F Di Castelnuovo , Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa , María Elena Díaz-Sánchez , Alejandro Diaz , Zivka Dika , Shirin Djalalinia , Visnja Djordjic , Ha Tp Do , Annette J Dobson , Maria Benedetta Donati , Chiara Donfrancesco , Silvana P Donoso , Angela Döring , Maria Dorobantu , Ahmad Reza Dorosty , Kouamelan Doua , Nico Dragano , Wojciech Drygas , Jia Li Duan , Charmaine A Duante , Priscilla Duboz , Rosemary B Duda , Vesselka Duleva , Virginija Dulskiene , Samuel C Dumith , Anar Dushpanova , Vilnis Dzerve , Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk , Ricky Eddie , Ebrahim Eftekhar , Eruke E Egbagbe , Robert Eggertsen , Sareh Eghtesad , Gabriele Eiben , Ulf Ekelund , Mohammad El-Khateeb , Jalila El Ati , Denise Eldemire-Shearer , Marie Eliasen , Paul Elliott , Reina Engle-Stone , Macia Enguerran , Rajiv T Erasmus , Raimund Erbel , Cihangir Erem , Louise Eriksen , Johan G Eriksson , Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña , Saeid Eslami , Ali Esmaeili , Alun Evans , David Faeh , Albina A Fakhretdinova , Caroline H Fall , Elnaz Faramarzi , Mojtaba Farjam , Victoria Farrugia Sant'Angelo , Farshad Farzadfar , Mohammad Reza Fattahi , Asher Fawwad , Francisco J Felix-Redondo , Trevor S Ferguson , Romulo A Fernandes , Daniel Fernández-Bergés , Daniel Ferrante , Thomas Ferrao , Marika Ferrari , Marco M Ferrario , Catterina Ferreccio , Eldridge Ferrer , Jean Ferrieres , Thamara Hubler Figueiró , Anna Fijalkowska , Günther Fink , Krista Fischer , Leng Huat Foo , Maria Forsner , Heba M Fouad , Damian K Francis , Maria do Carmo Franco , Ruth Frikke-Schmidt , Guillermo Frontera , Flavio D Fuchs , Sandra C Fuchs , Isti I Fujiati , Yuki Fujita , Matsuda Fumihiko , Takuro Furusawa , Zbigniew Gaciong , Mihai Gafencu , Andrzej Galbarczyk , Henrike Galenkamp , Daniela Galeone , Myriam Galfo , Fabio Galvano , Jingli Gao , Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera , Marta García-Solano , Dickman Gareta , Sarah P Garnett , Jean-Michel Gaspoz , Magda Gasull , Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya , Anelise Reis Gaya , Andrea Gazzinelli , Ulrike Gehring , Harald Geiger , Johanna M Geleijnse , Ali Ghanbari , Erfan Ghasemi , Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea , Simona Giampaoli , Francesco Gianfagna , Tiffany K Gill , Jonathan Giovannelli , Glen Gironella , Aleksander Giwercman , Konstantinos Gkiouras , Justyna Godos , Sibel Gogen , Marcel Goldberg , Rebecca A Goldsmith , David Goltzman , Santiago F Gómez , Aleksandra Gomula , Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva , Helen Gonçalves , David A Gonzalez-Chica , Marcela Gonzalez-Gross , Margot González-Leon , Juan P González-Rivas , Clicerio González-Villalpando , María-Elena González-Villalpando , Angel R Gonzalez , Frederic Gottrand , Antonio Pedro Graça , Sidsel Graff-Iversen , Dušan Grafnetter , Aneta Grajda , Maria G Grammatikopoulou , Ronald D Gregor , Tomasz Grodzicki , Else Karin Grøholt , Anders Grøntved , Giuseppe Grosso , Gabriella Gruden , Dongfeng Gu , Emanuela Gualdi-Russo , Pilar Guallar-Castillón , Andrea Gualtieri , Elias F Gudmundsson , Vilmundur Gudnason , Ramiro Guerrero , Idris Guessous , Andre L Guimaraes , Martin C Gulliford , Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir , Marc J Gunter , Xiu-Hua Guo , Yin Guo , Prakash C Gupta , Rajeev Gupta , Oye Gureje , Beata Gurzkowska , Enrique Gutiérrez-González , Laura Gutierrez , Felix Gutzwiller , Seongjun Ha , Farzad Hadaegh , Charalambos A Hadjigeorgiou , Rosa Haghshenas , Hamid Hakimi , Jytte Halkjær , Ian R Hambleton , Behrooz Hamzeh , Dominique Hange , Abu Am Hanif , Sari Hantunen , Jie Hao , Rachakulla Hari Kumar , Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri , Maria Hassapidou , Jun Hata , Teresa Haugsgjerd , Jiang He , Yuan He , Yuna He , Regina Heidinger-Felso , Mirjam Heinen , Tatjana Hejgaard , Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks , Rafael Dos Santos Henrique , Ana Henriques , Leticia Hernandez Cadena , Sauli Herrala , Victor M Herrera , Isabelle Herter-Aeberli , Ramin Heshmat , Allan G Hill , Sai Yin Ho , Suzanne C Ho , Michael Hobbs , Michelle Holdsworth , Reza Homayounfar , Clara Homs , Wilma M Hopman , Andrea Rvr Horimoto , Claudia M Hormiga , Bernardo L Horta , Leila Houti , Christina Howitt , Thein Thein Htay , Aung Soe Htet , Maung Maung Than Htike , Yonghua Hu , José María Huerta , Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi , Laetitia Huiart , Constanta Huidumac Petrescu , Martijn Huisman , Abdullatif Husseini , Chinh Nguyen Huu , Inge Huybrechts , Nahla Hwalla , Jolanda Hyska , Licia Iacoviello , Jesús M Ibarluzea , Mohsen M Ibrahim , Norazizah Ibrahim Wong , M Arfan Ikram , Violeta Iotova , Vilma E Irazola , Takafumi Ishida , Muhammad Islam , Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam , Masanori Iwasaki , Jeremy M Jacobs , Hashem Y Jaddou , Tazeen Jafar , Kenneth James , Kazi M Jamil , Konrad Jamrozik , Imre Janszky , Edward Janus , Juel Jarani , Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin , Grazyna Jasienska , Ana Jelakovic , Bojan Jelakovic , Garry Jennings , Anjani Kumar Jha , Chao Qiang Jiang , Ramon O Jimenez , Karl-Heinz Jöckel , Michel Joffres , Mattias Johansson , Jari J Jokelainen , Jost B Jonas , Jitendra Jonnagaddala , Torben Jørgensen , Pradeep Joshi , Farahnaz Joukar , Dragana P Jovic , Jacek J Jóźwiak , Anne Juolevi , Gregor Jurak , Iulia Jurca Simina , Vesna Juresa , Rudolf Kaaks , Felix O Kaducu , Anthony Kafatos , Eero O Kajantie , Zhanna Kalmatayeva , Ofra Kalter-Leibovici , Yves Kameli , Freja B Kampmann , Kodanda R Kanala , Srinivasan Kannan , Efthymios Kapantais , Argyro Karakosta , Line L Kårhus , Khem B Karki , Marzieh Katibeh , Joanne Katz , Peter T Katzmarzyk , Jussi Kauhanen , Prabhdeep Kaur , Maryam Kavousi , Gyulli M Kazakbaeva , Ulrich Keil , Lital Keinan Boker , Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi , Roya Kelishadi , Cecily Kelleher , Han Cg Kemper , Andre P Kengne , Maryam Keramati , Alina Kerimkulova , Mathilde Kersting , Timothy Key , Yousef Saleh Khader , Davood Khalili , Kay-Tee Khaw , Bahareh Kheiri , Motahareh Kheradmand , Alireza Khosravi , Ilse Msl Khouw , Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer , Stefan Kiechl , Japhet Killewo , Dong Wook Kim , Hyeon Chang Kim , Jeongseon Kim , Jenny M Kindblom , Heidi Klakk , Magdalena Klimek , Jeannette Klimont , Jurate Klumbiene , Michael Knoflach , Bhawesh Koirala , Elin Kolle , Patrick Kolsteren , Jürgen König , Raija Korpelainen , Paul Korrovits , Magdalena Korzycka , Jelena Kos , Seppo Koskinen , Katsuyasu Kouda , Viktoria A Kovacs , Sudhir Kowlessur , Slawomir Koziel , Jana Kratenova , Wolfgang Kratzer , Susi Kriemler , Peter Lund Kristensen , Steinar Krokstad , Daan Kromhout , Herculina S Kruger , Ruzena Kubinova , Renata Kuciene , Urho M Kujala , Enisa Kujundzic , Zbigniew Kulaga , R Krishna Kumar , Marie Kunešová , Pawel Kurjata , Yadlapalli S Kusuma , Kari Kuulasmaa , Catherine Kyobutungi , Quang Ngoc La , Fatima Zahra Laamiri , Tiina Laatikainen , Carl Lachat , Youcef Laid , Tai Hing Lam , Christina-Paulina Lambrinou , Edwige Landais , Vera Lanska , Georg Lappas , Bagher Larijani , Tint Swe Latt , Laura Lauria , Maria Lazo-Porras , Gwenaëlle Le Coroller , Khanh Le Nguyen Bao , Agnès Le Port , Tuyen D Le , Jeannette Lee , Jeonghee Lee , Paul H Lee , Nils Lehmann , Terho Lehtimäki , Daniel Lemogoum , Naomi S Levitt , Yanping Li , Merike Liivak , Christa L Lilly , Wei-Yen Lim , M Fernanda Lima-Costa , Hsien-Ho Lin , Xu Lin , Yi-Ting Lin , Lars Lind , Allan Linneberg , Lauren Lissner , Mieczyslaw Litwin , Lijuan Liu , Wei-Cheng Lo , Helle-Mai Loit , Khuong Quynh Long , Luis Lopes , Oscar Lopes , Esther Lopez-Garcia , Tania Lopez , Paulo A Lotufo , José Eugenio Lozano , Janice L Lukrafka , Dalia Luksiene , Annamari Lundqvist , Robert Lundqvist , Nuno Lunet , Charles Lunogelo , Michala Lustigová , Edyta Łuszczki , Guansheng Ma , Jun Ma , Xu Ma , George Ll Machado-Coelho , Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues , Luisa M Macieira , Ahmed A Madar , Stefania Maggi , Dianna J Magliano , Sara Magnacca , Emmanuella Magriplis , Gowri Mahasampath , Bernard Maire , Marjeta Majer , Marcia Makdisse , Päivi Mäki , Fatemeh Malekzadeh , Reza Malekzadeh , Rahul Malhotra , Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao , Sofia K Malyutina , Lynell V Maniego , Yannis Manios , Jim I Mann , Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei , Enzo Manzato , Paula Margozzini , Anastasia Markaki , Oonagh Markey , Eliza Markidou Ioannidou , Pedro Marques-Vidal , Larissa Pruner Marques , Jaume Marrugat , Yves Martin-Prevel , Rosemarie Martin , Reynaldo Martorell , Eva Martos , Katharina Maruszczak , Stefano Marventano , Luis P Mascarenhas , Shariq R Masoodi , Ellisiv B Mathiesen , Prashant Mathur , Alicia Matijasevich , Tandi E Matsha , Christina Mavrogianni , Artur Mazur , Jean Claude N Mbanya , Shelly R McFarlane , Stephen T McGarvey , Martin McKee , Stela McLachlan , Rachael M McLean , Scott B McLean , Breige A McNulty , Sounnia Mediene Benchekor , Jurate Medzioniene , Parinaz Mehdipour , Kirsten Mehlig , Amir Houshang Mehrparvar , Aline Meirhaeghe , Jørgen Meisfjord , Christa Meisinger , Ana Maria B Menezes , Geetha R Menon , Gert Bm Mensink , Maria Teresa Menzano , Alibek Mereke , Indrapal I Meshram , Andres Metspalu , Haakon E Meyer , Jie Mi , Kim F Michaelsen , Nathalie Michels , Kairit Mikkel , Karolina Milkowska , Jody C Miller , Cláudia S Minderico , G K Mini , Juan Francisco Miquel , Mohammad Reza Mirjalili , Daphne Mirkopoulou , Erkin Mirrakhimov , Marjeta Mišigoj-Durakovic , Antonio Mistretta , Veronica Mocanu , Pietro A Modesti , Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam , Bahram Mohajer , Mostafa K Mohamed , Shukri F Mohamed , Kazem Mohammad , Zahra Mohammadi , Noushin Mohammadifard , Reza Mohammadpourhodki , Viswanathan Mohan , Salim Mohanna , Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff , Iraj Mohebbi , Farnam Mohebi , Marie Moitry , Drude Molbo , Line T Møllehave , Niels C Møller , Dénes Molnár , Amirabbas Momenan , Charles K Mondo , Michele Monroy-Valle , Eric Monterrubio-Flores , Kotsedi Daniel K Monyeki , Jin Soo Moon , Mahmood Moosazadeh , Leila B Moreira , Alain Morejon , Luis A Moreno , Karen Morgan , Suzanne N Morin , Erik Lykke Mortensen , George Moschonis , Malgorzata Mossakowska , Aya Mostafa , Anabela Mota-Pinto , Jorge Mota , Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh , Jorge Motta , Marcos André Moura-Dos-Santos , Malay K Mridha , Kelias P Msyamboza , Thet Thet Mu , Magdalena Muc , Boban Mugoša , Maria L Muiesan , Parvina Mukhtorova , Martina Müller-Nurasyid , Neil Murphy , Jaakko Mursu , Elaine M Murtagh , Kamarul Imran Musa , Sanja Music Milanovic , Vera Musil , Norlaila Mustafa , Iraj Nabipour , Shohreh Naderimagham , Gabriele Nagel , Balkish M Naidu , Farid Najafi , Harunobu Nakamura , Jana Námešná , Ei Ei K Nang , Vinay B Nangia , Martin Nankap , Sameer Narake , Paola Nardone , Matthias Nauck , William A Neal , Azim Nejatizadeh , Chandini Nekkantti , Keiu Nelis , Liis Nelis , Ilona Nenko , Martin Neovius , Flavio Nervi , Chung T Nguyen , Nguyen D Nguyen , Quang Ngoc Nguyen , Ramfis E Nieto-Martínez , Yury P Nikitin , Guang Ning , Toshiharu Ninomiya , Sania Nishtar , Marianna Noale , Oscar A Noboa , Helena Nogueira , Teresa Norat , Maria Nordendahl , Børge G Nordestgaard , Davide Noto , Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska , Mohannad Al Nsour , Irfan Nuhoglu , Eha Nurk , Terence W O'Neill , Dermot O'Reilly , Galina Obreja , Caleb Ochimana , Angélica M Ochoa-Avilés , Eiji Oda , Kyungwon Oh , Kumiko Ohara , Claes Ohlsson , Ryutaro Ohtsuka , Örn Olafsson , Maria Teresa A Olinto , Isabel O Oliveira , Mohd Azahadi Omar , Altan Onat , Sok King Ong , Lariane M Ono , Pedro Ordunez , Rui Ornelas , Ana P Ortiz , Pedro J Ortiz , Merete Osler , Clive Osmond , Sergej M Ostojic , Afshin Ostovar , Johanna A Otero , Kim Overvad , Ellis Owusu-Dabo , Fred Michel Paccaud , Cristina Padez , Ioannis Pagkalos , Elena Pahomova , Karina Mary de Paiva , Andrzej Pajak , Domenico Palli , Alberto Palloni , Luigi Palmieri , Wen-Harn Pan , Songhomitra Panda-Jonas , Arvind Pandey , Francesco Panza , Dimitrios Papandreou , Soon-Woo Park , Suyeon Park , Winsome R Parnell , Mahboubeh Parsaeian , Ionela M Pascanu , Patrick Pasquet , Nikhil D Patel , Ivan Pecin , Mangesh S Pednekar , Nasheeta Peer , Gao Pei , Sergio Viana Peixoto , Markku Peltonen , Alexandre C Pereira , Marco A Peres , Napoleón Pérez-Farinós , Cynthia M Pérez , Valentina Peterkova , Annette Peters , Astrid Petersmann , Janina Petkeviciene , Ausra Petrauskiene , Emanuela Pettenuzzo , Niloofar Peykari , Son Thai Pham , Rafael N Pichardo , Daniela Pierannunzio , Iris Pigeot , Hynek Pikhart , Aida Pilav , Lorenza Pilotto , Francesco Pistelli , Freda Pitakaka , Aleksandra Piwonska , Andreia N Pizarro , Pedro Plans-Rubió , Bee Koon Poh , Hermann Pohlabeln , Raluca M Pop , Stevo R Popovic , Miquel Porta , Georg Posch , Anil Poudyal , Dimitrios Poulimeneas , Hamed Pouraram , Farhad Pourfarzi , Akram Pourshams , Hossein Poustchi , Rajendra Pradeepa , Alison J Price , Jacqueline F Price , Rui Providencia , Jardena J Puder , Iveta Pudule , Soile E Puhakka , Maria Puiu , Margus Punab , Radwan F Qasrawi , Mostafa Qorbani , Tran Quoc Bao , Ivana Radic , Ricardas Radisauskas , Salar Rahimikazerooni , Mahfuzar Rahman , Mahmudur Rahman , Olli Raitakari , Manu Raj , Ellina Rakhimova , Sherali Rakhmatulloev , Ivo Rakovac , Sudha Ramachandra Rao , Ambady Ramachandran , Jacqueline Ramke , Elisabete Ramos , Rafel Ramos , Lekhraj Rampal , Sanjay Rampal , Vayia Rarra , Ramon A Rascon-Pacheco , Mette Rasmussen , Cassiano Ricardo Rech , Josep Redon , Paul Ferdinand M Reganit , Valéria Regecová , Luis Revilla , Abbas Rezaianzadeh , Lourdes Ribas-Barba , Robespierre Ribeiro , Elio Riboli , Adrian Richter , Fernando Rigo , Natascia Rinaldo , Tobias F Rinke de Wit , Ana Rito , Raphael M Ritti-Dias , Juan A Rivera , Cynthia Robitaille , Romana Roccaldo , Daniela Rodrigues , Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo , María Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez , Laura A Rodríguez-Villamizar , Ulla Roggenbuck , Rosalba Rojas-Martinez , Nipa Rojroongwasinkul , Dora Romaguera , Elisabetta L Romeo , Rafaela V Rosario , Annika Rosengren , Ian Rouse , Joel Gr Roy , Adolfo Rubinstein , Frank J Rühli , Jean-Bernard Ruidavets , Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt , Maria Ruiz-Castell , Emma Ruiz Moreno , Iuliia A Rusakova , Kenisha Russell Jonsson , Paola Russo , Petra Rust , Marcin Rutkowski , Charumathi Sabanayagam , Elena Sacchini , Harshpal S Sachdev , Alireza Sadjadi , Ali Reza Safarpour , Saeid Safiri , Nader Saki , Benoit Salanave , Eduardo Salazar Martinez , Diego Salmerón , Veikko Salomaa , Jukka T Salonen , Massimo Salvetti , Margarita Samoutian , Jose Sánchez-Abanto , Sandjaja , Susana Sans , Loreto Santa Marina , Diana A Santos , Ina S Santos , Lèlita C Santos , Maria Paula Santos , Osvaldo Santos , Rute Santos , Sara Santos Sanz , Jouko L Saramies , Luis B Sardinha , Nizal Sarrafzadegan , Thirunavukkarasu Sathish , Kai-Uwe Saum , Savvas Savva , Mathilde Savy , Norie Sawada , Mariana Sbaraini , Marcia Scazufca , Beatriz D Schaan , Angelika Schaffrath Rosario , Herman Schargrodsky , Anja Schienkiewitz , Sabine Schipf , Carsten O Schmidt , Ida Maria Schmidt , Peter Schnohr , Ben Schöttker , Sara Schramm , Stine Schramm , Helmut Schröder , Constance Schultsz , Aletta E Schutte , Aye Aye Sein , Rusidah Selamat , Vedrana Sember , Abhijit Sen , Idowu O Senbanjo , Sadaf G Sepanlou , Victor Sequera , Luis Serra-Majem , Jennifer Servais , Ludmila Ševcíková , Svetlana A Shalnova , Teresa Shamah-Levy , Morteza Shamshirgaran , Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani , Maryam Sharafkhah , Sanjib K Sharma , Jonathan E Shaw , Amaneh Shayanrad , Ali Akbar Shayesteh , Lela Shengelia , Zumin Shi , Kenji Shibuya , Hana Shimizu-Furusawa , Dong Wook Shin , Majid Shirani , Rahman Shiri , Namuna Shrestha , Khairil Si-Ramlee , Alfonso Siani , Rosalynn Siantar , Abla M Sibai , Antonio M Silva , Diego Augusto Santos Silva , Mary Simon , Judith Simons , Leon A Simons , Agneta Sjöberg , Michael Sjöström , Gry Skodje , Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer , Przemyslaw Slusarczyk , Liam Smeeth , Hung-Kwan So , Fernanda Cunha Soares , Grzegorz Sobek , Eugène Sobngwi , Morten Sodemann , Stefan Söderberg , Moesijanti Ye Soekatri , Agustinus Soemantri , Reecha Sofat , Vincenzo Solfrizzi , Mohammad Hossein Somi , Emily Sonestedt , Yi Song , Thorkild Ia Sørensen , Elin P Sørgjerd , Charles Sossa Jérome , Victoria E Soto-Rojas , Aïcha Soumaré , Slavica Sovic , Bente Sparboe-Nilsen , Karen Sparrenberger , Angela Spinelli , Igor Spiroski , Jan A Staessen , Hanspeter Stamm , Maria G Stathopoulou , Kaspar Staub , Bill Stavreski , Jostein Steene-Johannessen , Peter Stehle , Aryeh D Stein , George S Stergiou , Jochanan Stessman , Ranko Stevanovic , Jutta Stieber , Doris Stöckl , Tanja Stocks , Jakub Stokwiszewski , Ekaterina Stoyanova , Gareth Stratton , Karien Stronks , Maria Wany Strufaldi , Lela Sturua , Ramón Suárez-Medina , Machi Suka , Chien-An Sun , Johan Sundström , Yn-Tz Sung , Jordi Sunyer , Paibul Suriyawongpaisal , Boyd A Swinburn , Rody G Sy , Holly E Syddall , René Charles Sylva , Moyses Szklo , Lucjan Szponar , E Shyong Tai , Mari-Liis Tammesoo , Abdonas Tamosiunas , Eng Joo Tan , Xun Tang , Maya Tanrygulyyeva , Frank Tanser , Yong Tao , Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh , Jakob Tarp , Carolina B Tarqui-Mamani , Radka Taxová Braunerová , Anne Taylor , Julie Taylor , Félicité Tchibindat , William R Tebar , Grethe S Tell , Tania Tello , Yih Chung Tham , K R Thankappan , Holger Theobald , Xenophon Theodoridis , Lutgarde Thijs , Nihal Thomas , Betina H Thuesen , Lubica Tichá , Erik J Timmermans , Anne Tjonneland , Hanna K Tolonen , Janne S Tolstrup , Murat Topbas , Roman Topór-Madry , Liv Elin Torheim , María José Tormo , Michael J Tornaritis , Maties Torrent , Laura Torres-Collado , Stefania Toselli , Giota Touloumi , Pierre Traissac , Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran , Dimitrios Trichopoulos , Antonia Trichopoulou , Oanh Th Trinh , Atul Trivedi , Lechaba Tshepo , Maria Tsigga , Shoichiro Tsugane , Azaliia M Tuliakova , Marshall K Tulloch-Reid , Fikru Tullu , Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen , Jaakko Tuomilehto , Maria L Turley , Gilad Twig , Per Tynelius , Themistoklis Tzotzas , Christophe Tzourio , Peter Ueda , Eunice Ugel , Flora Am Ukoli , Hanno Ulmer , Belgin Unal , Zhamyila Usupova , Hannu Mt Uusitalo , Nalan Uysal , Justina Vaitkeviciute , Gonzalo Valdivia , Susana Vale , Damaskini Valvi , Rob M van Dam , Johan Van der Heyden , Yvonne T van der Schouw , Koen Van Herck , Hoang Van Minh , Natasja M 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Weghuber , Wenbin Wei , Aneta Weres , Bo Werner , Peter H Whincup , Kurt Widhalm , Indah S Widyahening , Andrzej Wiecek , Rainford J Wilks , Johann Willeit , Peter Willeit , Julianne Williams , Tom Wilsgaard , Bogdan Wojtyniak , Roy A Wong-McClure , Andrew Wong , Jyh Eiin Wong , Tien Yin Wong , Jean Woo , Mark Woodward , Frederick C Wu , Jianfeng Wu , Li Juan Wu , Shouling Wu , Haiquan Xu , Liang Xu , Nor Azwany Yaacob , Uruwan Yamborisut , Weili Yan , Ling Yang , Xiaoguang Yang , Yang Yang , Nazan Yardim , Mehdi Yaseri , Tabara Yasuharu , Xingwang Ye , Panayiotis K Yiallouros , Moein Yoosefi , Akihiro Yoshihara , Qi Sheng You , San-Lin You , Novie O Younger-Coleman , Safiah Md Yusof , Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff , Luciana Zaccagni , Vassilis Zafiropulos , Ahmad A Zainuddin , Seyed Rasoul Zakavi , Farhad Zamani , Sabina Zambon , Antonis Zampelas , Hana Zamrazilová , Maria Elisa Zapata , Abdul Hamid Zargar , Ko Ko Zaw , Tomasz Zdrojewski , Kristyna Zejglicova , Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic , Yi Zeng 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Lundqvist, Robert, Lunet, Nuno, Lunogelo, Charle, Lustigová, Michala, Łuszczki, Edyta, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Ma, Xu, Machado-Coelho, George LL, Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M, Macieira, Luisa M, Madar, Ahmed A, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Magnacca, Sara, Magriplis, Emmanuella, Mahasampath, Gowri, Maire, Bernard, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Mäki, Päivi, Malekzadeh, Fatemeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia K, Maniego, Lynell V, Manios, Yanni, Mann, Jim I, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Markaki, Anastasia, Markey, Oonagh, Ioannidou, Eliza Markidou, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martin-Prevel, Yve, Martin, Rosemarie, Martorell, Reynaldo, Martos, Eva, Maruszczak, Katharina, Marventano, Stefano, Mascarenhas, Luis P, Masoodi, Shariq R, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, Mathur, Prashant, Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E, Mavrogianni, Christina, Mazur, Artur, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, McFarlane, Shelly R, McGarvey, Stephen T, McKee, Martin, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M, McLean, Scott B, McNulty, Breige A, Benchekor, Sounnia Mediene, Medzioniene, Jurate, Mehdipour, Parinaz, Mehlig, Kirsten, Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisfjord, Jørgen, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B, Menon, Geetha R, Mensink, Gert BM, Menzano, Maria Teresa, Mereke, Alibek, Meshram, Indrapal I, Metspalu, Andre, Meyer, Haakon E, Mi, Jie, Michaelsen, Kim F, Michels, Nathalie, Mikkel, Kairit, Milkowska, Karolina, Miller, Jody C, Minderico, Cláudia S, Mini, GK, Miquel, Juan Francisco, Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza, Mirkopoulou, Daphne, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Mistretta, Antonio, Mocanu, Veronica, Modesti, Pietro A, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohamed, Shukri F, Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadi, Zahra, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mohebbi, Iraj, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitry, Marie, Molbo, Drude, Møllehave, Line T, Møller, Niels C, Molnár, Déne, Momenan, Amirabba, Mondo, Charles K, Monroy-Valle, Michele, Monterrubio-Flores, Eric, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K, Moon, Jin Soo, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moreira, Leila B, Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A, Morgan, Karen, Morin, Suzanne N, Mortensen, Erik Lykke, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota-Pinto, Anabela, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos André, Mridha, Malay K, Msyamboza, Kelias P, Mu, Thet Thet, Muc, Magdalena, Mugoša, Boban, Muiesan, Maria L, Mukhtorova, Parvina, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Murtagh, Elaine M, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Milanovic, Sanja Music, Musil, Vera, Mustafa, Norlaila, Nabipour, Iraj, Naderimagham, Shohreh, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M, Najafi, Farid, Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Ei K Nang, Ei, Nangia, Vinay B, Nankap, Martin, Narake, Sameer, Nardone, Paola, Nauck, Matthia, Neal, William A, Nejatizadeh, Azim, Nekkantti, Chandini, Nelis, Keiu, Nelis, Lii, Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T, Nguyen, Nguyen D, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E, Nikitin, Yury P, Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A, Nogueira, Helena, Norat, Teresa, Nordendahl, Maria, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Noto, Davide, Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia, Al Nsour, Mohannad, Nuhoglu, Irfan, Nurk, Eha, O'Neill, Terence W, O'Reilly, Dermot, Obreja, Galina, Ochimana, Caleb, Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica M, Oda, Eiji, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Ohlsson, Clae, Ohtsuka, Ryutaro, Olafsson, Örn, Olinto, Maria Teresa A, Oliveira, Isabel O, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M, Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Ana P, Ortiz, Pedro J, Osler, Merete, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M, Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A, Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Elli, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pagkalos, Ioanni, Pahomova, Elena, de Paiva, Karina Mary, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palloni, Alberto, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Arvind, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrio, Park, Soon-Woo, Park, Suyeon, Parnell, Winsome R, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pascanu, Ionela M, Pasquet, Patrick, Patel, Nikhil D, Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Peer, Nasheeta, Pei, Gao, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C, Peres, Marco A, Pérez-Farinós, Napoleón, Pérez, Cynthia M, Peterkova, Valentina, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Pettenuzzo, Emanuela, Peykari, Niloofar, Pham, Son Thai, Pichardo, Rafael N, Pierannunzio, Daniela, Pigeot, Iri, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pistelli, Francesco, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia N, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Poh, Bee Koon, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Pop, Raluca M, Popovic, Stevo R, Porta, Miquel, Posch, Georg, Poudyal, Anil, Poulimeneas, Dimitrio, Pouraram, Hamed, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J, Price, Jacqueline F, Providencia, Rui, Puder, Jardena J, Pudule, Iveta, Puhakka, Soile E, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margu, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricarda, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rakhimova, Ellina, Rakhmatulloev, Sherali, Rakovac, Ivo, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Elisabete, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rarra, Vayia, Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A, Rasmussen, Mette, Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Regecová, Valéria, Revilla, Lui, Rezaianzadeh, Abba, Ribas-Barba, Lourde, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, Rinaldo, Natascia, de Wit, Tobias F Rinke, Rito, Ana, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Rivera, Juan A, Robitaille, Cynthia, Roccaldo, Romana, Rodrigues, Daniela, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Romeo, Elisabetta L, Rosario, Rafaela V, Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Roy, Joel GR, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Rühli, Frank J, Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Ruiz-Castell, Maria, Moreno, Emma Ruiz, Rusakova, Iuliia A, Jonsson, Kenisha Russell, Russo, Paola, Rust, Petra, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sacchini, Elena, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safiri, Saeid, Saki, Nader, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Samoutian, Margarita, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sandjaja, null, Sans, Susana, Marina, Loreto Santa, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Ina S, Santos, Lèlita C, Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Osvaldo, Santos, Rute, Sanz, Sara Santo, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savva, Savy, Mathilde, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schmidt, Ida Maria, Schnohr, Peter, Schöttker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schramm, Stine, Schröder, Helmut, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sein, Aye Aye, Selamat, Rusidah, Sember, Vedrana, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sequera, Victor, Serra-Majem, Lui, Servais, Jennifer, Ševcíková, Ludmila, Shalnova, Svetlana A, Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Shamshirgaran, Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shengelia, Lela, Shi, Zumin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shin, Dong Wook, Shirani, Majid, Shiri, Rahman, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Silva, Antonio M, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöberg, Agneta, Sjöström, Michael, Skodje, Gry, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, So, Hung-Kwan, Soares, Fernanda Cunha, Sobek, Grzegorz, Sobngwi, Eugène, Sodemann, Morten, Söderberg, Stefan, Soekatri, Moesijanti YE, Soemantri, Agustinu, Sofat, Reecha, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Sørgjerd, Elin P, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soto-Rojas, Victoria E, Soumaré, Aïcha, Sovic, Slavica, Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente, Sparrenberger, Karen, Spinelli, Angela, Spiroski, Igor, Staessen, Jan A, Stamm, Hanspeter, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Staub, Kaspar, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stevanovic, Ranko, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Dori, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stoyanova, Ekaterina, Stratton, Gareth, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sturua, Lela, Suárez-Medina, Ramón, Suka, Machi, Sun, Chien-An, Sundström, Johan, Sung, Yn-Tz, Sunyer, Jordi, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Swinburn, Boyd A, Sy, Rody G, Syddall, Holly E, Sylva, René Charle, Szklo, Moyse, Szponar, Lucjan, Tai, E Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Lii, Tamosiunas, Abdona, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanrygulyyeva, Maya, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarp, Jakob, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Braunerová, Radka Taxová, Taylor, Anne, Taylor, Julie, Tchibindat, Félicité, Tebar, William R, Tell, Grethe S, Tello, Tania, Tham, Yih Chung, Thankappan, KR, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thomas, Nihal, Thuesen, Betina H, Tichá, Lubica, Timmermans, Erik J, Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Torheim, Liv Elin, Tormo, María José, Tornaritis, Michael J, Torrent, Matie, Torres-Collado, Laura, Toselli, Stefania, Touloumi, Giota, Traissac, Pierre, Tran, Thi Tuyet-Hanh, Trichopoulos, Dimitrio, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh TH, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tsigga, Maria, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuliakova, Azaliia M, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Twig, Gilad, Tynelius, Per, Tzotzas, Themistokli, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ukoli, Flora AM, Ulmer, Hanno, Unal, Belgin, Usupova, Zhamyila, Uusitalo, Hannu MT, Uysal, Nalan, Vaitkeviciute, Justina, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Vale, Susana, Valvi, Damaskini, van Dam, Rob M, Van der Heyden, Johan, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, Van Schoor, Natasja M, van Valkengoed, Irene GM, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Varbo, Anette, Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio, Varona-Pérez, Patricia, Vasan, Senthil K, Vega, Toma, Veidebaum, Tooma, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Velika, Biruta, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, WM Monique, Victora, Cesar G, Viegi, Giovanni, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesu, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visser, Marjolein, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vladulescu, Mihaela, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vocanec, Dorja, Vollenweider, Peter, Völzke, Henry, Voutilainen, Ari, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja GM, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Waldhör, Thoma, Walton, Janette, Wambiya, Elvis OA, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Rildo, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nichola, Weber, Adelheid, Wedderkopp, Niel, Weerasekera, Deepa, Weghuber, Daniel, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Julianne, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Andrew, Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Li Juan, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yardim, Nazan, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Md Yusof, Safiah, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zaccagni, Luciana, Zafiropulos, Vassili, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antoni, Zamrazilová, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Ko Zaw, Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, Zuziak, Monika, Ezzati, Majid, Filippi, Sarah, Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Population -- Health aspects, Leanness, Baixo peso/Underweight, none, Double burden, alipainoisuus, tulotaso, global health, systematic analysis, Sedentary behaviors, RC1200, Prospective associations, 0302 clinical medicine, underweight, nälänhätä, Biology (General), skin and connective tissue diseases, Children, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Body mass index, Human Nutrition & Health, education.field_of_study, Humane Voeding & Gezondheid, ylipaino, General Medicine, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3. Good health, World health, Medicine, A100 Pre-clinical Medicine, Population distribution, medicine.medical_specialty, QH301-705.5, Science, Socio-culturale, Nursing, Social sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Thinness, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, BMI, epidemiology, obesity, None, Humans, Obesidade/Obesity, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, education, VLAG, US adults, Omvårdnad, body mass index, malnutrition, obesity, underweight, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, terveellisyys, Obesity, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Risk Factors, General Biochemistry, WIAS, lihavuus, RA, Demography, N.A, double burden, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, alueelliset erot, Nutrition and Disease, Animal Nutrition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medizin, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Change distribution of body mass index, RA0421, Voeding en Ziekte, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Global health, Índice de massa corporal/Body Mass Index, 030212 general & internal medicine, Underweight, painoindeksi, 2. Zero hunger, General Neuroscience, aliravitsemus, elintarvikkeet, health, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Diervoeding, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.03 [https], Chinese adults, pooled analysis, medicine.symptom, Diet quality, B120 Physiology, Research Article, trends, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.03 [https], prevalence, Population, Mothers, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 3121 Internal medicine, medicine, Life Science, ddc:610, 3125 Otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, kehonkoostumus, Nutrition, Australian adults, General Immunology and Microbiology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.04 [https], Ciências sociais, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Malnutrition, Epidemiology and Global Health, sense organs, Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde
Abstract: From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions., Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, peer-reviewed
Published: 2021

15. Effect of a multicomponent intervention in components of metabolic syndrome: a study with overweight/obese low-income school-aged children

Author: Lars Bo Andersen, Clarice Martins, Dafne Souto Macedo, Caroline Brand, Taís Feitosa da Silva, Jorge Mota, Anelise Reis Gaya, and Rodrigo Antunes Lima
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, School age child, Waist, business.industry, Cardiorespiratory fitness, 030229 sport sciences, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Anthropometry, Overweight, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Obesity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, medicine.symptom, Metabolic syndrome, business
Abstract: Obesity is a multifactorial disease and it is related to the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFDL) in youth. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week multicomponent intervention program in markers of metabolic syndrome and NAFLD in Brazilian overweight/obese low-income school-aged children. This quasi-experimental study comprised overweight/obese school-aged children, aged 7–13 years. The participants were assigned to intervention (n = 17) or control group (n = 18). The multicomponent intervention was developed during 12 weeks, consisting of exercise sessions (twice/week; 1 h), nutritional education sessions (once/month), and parental support (twice/week). The following variables were evaluated: anthropometric measures (height, body weight, waist circumference, percentage of body fat); biochemical assays (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides-TG, high-density lipoprotein-HDL, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase-AST, alanine aminotransferase-ALT), cardiorespiratory fitness, and maturational stage. A cardiovascular disease (CVD) composite z-scores (percentage of body fat, glucose, AST, ALT, TG, and TC/HDL ratio) was also calculated. General linear models were used for data analysis. Compared to the control group, intervention group participants decreased percentage of body fat (Δ − 0.97; p
Published: 2019

16. Blood pressure in children: association with anthropometric indicators, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity

Author: Gisele Pinheiro, Júlio Mello, Adroaldo Gaya, and Anelise Reis Gaya
Subjects: SciELO, medicine.medical_specialty, Crianças, Exercício, Aptidão Física, Blood Pressure, Criança, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Exercício físico, Motor Activity, Atividade Motora, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Composição Corporal, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Medicine, Motor activity, Child, Exercise, Gynecology, Anthropometry, business.industry, Physical Fitness, RC666-701, Body Composition, Pressão Arterial, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Aptidão cardiorrespiratória, Antropometria
Abstract: Resumo Fundamento: Evidências apontam variáveis antropométricas e de condicionamento físico como fatores associados à pressão arterial infantil. Analisá-los em apenas um contexto é um meio relevante de identificar o peso que cada um deles pode apresentar no desenvolvimento da hipertensão arterial. Objetivo: Identificar as possíveis associações de medidas antropométricas, da composição corporal, da atividade física moderada-vigorosa (AFMV) e da aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ApC) com a pressão arterial em crianças. Métodos: Estudo correlacional com abordagem quantitativa. Duzentos e quinze (215) estudantes com idades de 6 a 12 anos de uma escola pública de Porto Alegre, selecionados por critério de conveniência. A pressão arterial foi aferida através de um esfigmomanômetro digital. Para o tratamento dos dados, os valores de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica foram padronizados (escore Z) e somados. As variáveis testadas como preditoras foram: AFMV; Percentual de gordura (%G); Índice de massa corporal (IMC); Razão cintura/estatura (RCE); Maturação somática; ApC. Após a verificação dos parâmetros de normalidade, as associações brutas e ajustadas (para sexo, idade e maturação somática) foram testadas através de equações de regressão linear. Para as análises, foi considerado p < 0,05. Resultados: Três diferentes modelos indicaram os melhores conjuntos de fatores associados à pressão arterial padronizada: O Modelo 1 (R2 = 0,21) se constituiu das variáveis RCE (β = 9,702) e AFMV (β = – 0,021); O Modelo 2 (R2 = 0,19) foi composto pelas variáveis IMC (β = 0,156) e AFMV (β = – 0,021); O Modelo 3 (R2 = 0,18) incluiu as variáveis %G (β = 0,063) e ApC (β = – 0,004). Conclusões: A pressão arterial de crianças é predita pelas variáveis corporais %G, IMC e RCE. Além disso, está associada negativamente à AFMV e a ApC. Abstract Background: Evidence points to anthropometric and fitness variables as associated factors with children's blood pressure. Analysing these factors in a single context is a relevant possibility of identifying the weight that each factor can present for the development of arterial hypertension. Objective: Identify the possible associations between anthropometric measurements, body composition, moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with blood pressure in children. Methods: Correlational study with a quantitative approach. Sample: 215 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years selected by convenience criteria of a public school in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Blood pressure was measured with a digital sphygmomanometer. For data treatment, the values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were standardized (Z score) and added. The variables tested as predictors were: MVPA; body fat percentage (BF%); Body Mass Index (BMI); waist-height ratio (WHTR); maturity-offset and CRF. After checking the normality parameters, the crude and adjusted associations (for sex, age and maturity-offset) were tested with linear regression equations. For the analyses, p
Published: 2021

17. BMI Fails to Reflect the Developmental Changes in Body Fatness between Boys and Girls during Adolescence

Author: Jorge Mota, Alan M. Nevill, Michael J. Duncan, Caroline Brand, Anelise Reis Gaya, Cézane Priscila Reuter, and Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, obesity, Adolescent, Crianças, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, growth, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Growth, Age and sex, Body Mass Index, paediatrics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Humans, overweight, Statistical analysis, Obesity, Child, Adolescentes, Adiposity, Analysis of covariance, Índice de massa corporal, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, anthropometry, Anthropometry, business.industry, Brief Report, Percentage body fat, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Body fatness, Paediatrics, Overweight, Cross-Sectional Studies, Obesidade, Adipose Tissue, Female, Analysis of variance, business, Body mass index, Demography, Antropometria
Abstract: Body mass index (BMI) is thought to reflect excess adiposity in both youth and adults alike. However, the association between BMI and fatness varies, especially as children grow into adults. Thus, the present study sought to address this issue by characterizing how BMI reflects age and sex differences in body fatness in 7–16-year-old children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 2150 children and adolescents, aged 7 to 16 years from the city of Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil. BMI (kg/m2), and percentage body fat, using tricipital and subscapular folds, were assessed. For statistical analysis, ANOVA and ANCOVA were used. Results: When considered in isolation, there was no significant interaction in the age-by-sex differences in BMI (p = 0.69). However, when we controlled for percent body fatness, the analysis revealed considerable age-by-sex differences in BMI (p < 0.001). Conclusion: For the same body fat (%), there are no differences in BMI in children
Published: 2021

18. Adiposity and adipocytokines: the moderator role of cardiorespiratory fitness and pubertal stage in girls

Author: Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri, Wendell Arthur Lopes, Larissa Rosa da Silva, Jorge Mota, Anelise Reis Gaya, Arieli Fernandes Dias, Neiva Leite, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, and Caroline Brand
Subjects: Leptin, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Adipokine, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Pubertal stage, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Child, Exercise, Adiposity, Adiponectin, business.industry, Puberty, Cardiorespiratory fitness, 030229 sport sciences, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, Obesity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Body Composition, Female, business, Body mass index
Abstract: BackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and pubertal stages have been related to many health outcomes, including obesity and adipocytokines. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the moderator role of CRF and pubertal stage in the relationship between adiposity and adipocytokines in girls.MethodThis cross-sectional study was performed with 42 pre-pubertal girls aged from 7 to 11 years and 54 post-pubertal girls aged from 13 to 17 years. Blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin, and then the leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio) was calculated. CRF, anthropometric and body composition indicators were assessed. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and several linear regression models were used. The moderation analysis was tested using the PROCESS macro.ResultsAn interaction between body mass index (BMI) and CRF (β: –0.70; confidence interval [CI]: –1.29, –0.12), as well as between BMI and pubertal stage (β: 0.79; CI: 0.28, 1.30) with leptin, was found. Regarding the L/A ratio, an interaction was found only in BMI × CRF (β: –0.56; CI: –1.06, –0.06). Using a combined interaction (CRF and pubertal stage), the results showed a positive association between BMI with leptin and L/A ratio only in low CRF, pre-pubertal and post-pubertal stages.ConclusionThis study suggests a protective role of high levels of CRF in the relationship between BMI and adipocytokines. Despite the effect of pubertal stage, the results suggest that youth should be engaged in physical activity in order to improve CRF levels and consequently improve cardiometabolic health.
Published: 2019

19. SCHOOL-TIME MOVEMENT BEHAVIOURS AND FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENT SKILLS IN PRESCHOOLERS: AN ISOTEMPORAL REALLOCATION ANALYSIS

Author: Cain C T Clark, Michael J. Duncan, Anelise Reis Gaya, Clarice Martins, Rafael Miranda Tassitano, and Anastácio Neco de Souza Filho
Subjects: Male, Schools, Movement (music), Infant, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 030229 sport sciences, Sensory Systems, 03 medical and health sciences, Cross-Sectional Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Motor Skills, Child, Preschool, Accelerometry, Key (cryptography), Humans, Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychology, Brazil, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known on how relocations of time spent in different movement behaviours during pre-school hours could relate to preschooler’s fundamental movement skills (FMS), a key predictor of later physical activity (PA). Thus, the aim of this study was to examine whether the school-time composition was associated with FMS; and to investigate predicted differences in FMS when a fixed duration of time was reallocated from one activity behaviour to another in preschool children. METHODS: A cross-sectional representative data of an intervention study with Brazilian low-income preschoolers. Two hundred and four preschoolers of both sexes (4.5±0.8 years-old; 101boys) provided 10 hours of school-time objectively assessed PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) data (Actigraph wGT3X), and FMS assessments (TGMD-2). Association of school-time composition of movement behaviuors with FMS and its reallocations during school-time was explored using compositional analysis in R (version 1.40-1), robCompositions (version 0.92-7), and lmtest (version 0.9-35) packages. RESULTS: The isotemporal reallocation showed that for manipulative skills, an increasing pattern was observed (0.14, 0.28, and 0.42-units) when reallocating 5, 10 and 15 minutes, respectively, from light PA to SB. CONCLUSIONS: The current study highlights that school-time composition is a significant predictor of FMS. Moreover, a modest increase in SB, at the expense of LPA, during the school-time may elicit a positive change in manipulative skills.
Published: 2021

20. Physical fitness and its association with cognitive performance in Chilean schoolchildren: the Cogni-Action Project

Author: Patricio Solis-Urra, Javier Sanchez-Martinez, Gerson Ferrari, Anelise Reis Gaya, Kabir P. Sadarangani, Carlos Cristi-Montero, José Castro Piñero, Jorge Olivares-Arancibia, Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez, and Camila Felin Fochesatto
Subjects: Male, Aptidão física, Adolescent, Intelligence, Physical fitness, Healthy lifestyle, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Neuropsychological Tests, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Adolescents, Running, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle Strength, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Cognitive skill, Chile, Child, Adolescentes, Analysis of Variance, Schools, business.industry, Working memory, Força muscular, Muscle strength, Cognitive flexibility, Cardiorespiratory fitness, 030229 sport sciences, Estilo de vida saudável, Inhibition, Psychological, Cross-Sectional Studies, Memory, Short-Term, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Fitness, Female, business, Psychology, Neurocognitive, Cognição, Clinical psychology
Abstract: This study aimed to establish the association and differences in a diversity of cognitive domains according to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and speed- agility fitness (S- AF) level in a large sample of Chilean schoolchildren. 1171 Chilean schoolchildren aged 10– 14years participated. CRF, MF, and S- AF were as-sessed through the ALPHA- fitness test battery. Cognition was evaluated through the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, which involved eight tests related to four main domains: cognitive flexibility (CF), working memory (WM), inhibitory control (IC), and intelligence (IN). Both global (multivariate) and individual (univariate) analyses were performed to determine the differences in cognitive functioning according to low- , middle- , and high- fitness level. The global analyses showed a significant main effect for CRF, F(16,940)=3.08, p.001 and MF groups, F(16,953)=2.30, p=.002, but not for S- AF, F(16,948)=1.37, p=.105. CRF shows a significant main effect in seven of eight tests, involving CF, WM, IC, and IN domains, whereas MF shows a significant main effect in five of eight tests without association with IN. SA- F shows a significant main effect only with IC. Statistical differences were found between the low- and middle/high- fitness groups but not between the middle- and high- fitness groups. At a global level, both CRF and MF seem to be associated with a higher cog-nitive profile in scholars; however, at an individual level, all fitness components show a favorable relationship to some cognitive domine. Then, future cognitive develop-ing strategies should consider all fitness components, prioritizing those low- fitness schoolchildren.
Published: 2021

21. Effects and responsiveness of a multicomponent intervention on body composition, physical fitness, and leptin in overweight/obese adolescents

Author: Jorge Mota, Cézane Priscila Reuter, Neiva Leite, Letícia de Borba Schneiders, Caroline Brand, Leticia Borfe, Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri, Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner, and Anelise Reis Gaya
Subjects: Leptin, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatric Obesity, obesity, Waist, Youth, Adolescent, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Physical fitness, Inter-individual variability, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical exercise, Overweight, Exercício físico, Article, Body Mass Index, inter-individual variability, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, physical exercise, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Exercise, Adolescentes, youth, cardiorespiratory fitness, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030229 sport sciences, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Obesidade, Physical Fitness, Body Composition, Medicine, medicine.symptom, Waist Circumference, business, Body mass index, Aptidão cardiorrespiratória
Abstract: Physical exercise reduces the biochemical markers of obesity, but the effects of multicomponent interventions on these markers should be explored. The present study aimed to elucidate how overweight/obese adolescents respond to a multicomponent program approach on body composition, physical fitness, and inflammatory markers, using a quasi-experimental study with 33 overweight/obesity adolescents (control group (CG) = 16, intervention group (IG) = 17). The intervention consisted of 24 weeks with physical exercises and nutritional and psychological guidance. Both groups were evaluated at the pre/post-intervention moments on body mass index (BMI), body fat (%Fat), waist circumference (WC), waist/hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), abdominal strength, flexibility, leptin, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Mixed-analysis of variance and generalized estimation equations were used for statistical analysis. There was an interaction effect between groups and time on %Fat (p = 0.002), WC (p = 0.023), WHR (p &lt, 0.001), WHtR (p = 0.035), CRF (p = 0.050), and leptin (p = 0.026). Adolescents were classified as 82.4% responders for %Fat, 70.6% for WC, 88.2% for WHR, and 70.6% for CRF. Further, there was an association between changes in %Fat (p = 0.033), WC (p = 0.032), and WHR (p = 0.033) between responders and non-responders with CRF in the IG. There was a positive effect on body composition, physical fitness, and leptin. In addition, reductions in body composition parameters were explained by CRF improvements.
Published: 2021

22. Choose where you live carefully: built environment differences in children’s cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk

Author: Cézane Priscila Reuter, Alan M. Nevill, Jorge Mota, Anelise Reis Gaya, Michael J. Duncan, Caroline Brand, and Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner
Subjects: Waist, Crianças, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Espaço urbano, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Saúde, Exercício físico, Article, paediatrics, lcsh:GV557-1198.995, 03 medical and health sciences, Espaço rural, 0302 clinical medicine, Fitness, Medicine, Urban, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Rural, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomic status, Adolescentes, Built environment, lcsh:Sports, Analysis of covariance, business.industry, Confounding, health, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Paediatrics, Health indicator, fitness, Health, rural, business, urban, Body mass index, Demography, Aptidão cardiorrespiratória
Abstract: Information regarding urban-rural differences in health indicators are scarce in Brazil. This study sought to identify rural-urban differences in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in Brazilian children and adolescents whilst controlling for the important confounding variables including social economic status (SES). This is a cross-sectional study developed with children and adolescents (n = 2250, age 11.54 ± 2.76) selected from a city in the south of Brazil. CRF was estimated using a 6-minute run/walk test. CMR scores were calculated by summing different cardiometabolic risk indicators. CRF was analysed assuming a multiplicative model with allometric body-size components. CMR differences in residential locations was assessed using Analysis of caovariance (ANCOVA) adopting SES, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), age and fitness as covariates. Results indicated a main effect of location (p &lt, 0.001) with children living a rural environment having the highest CRF, and children living in the periphery of towns having the lowest. Analysis also revealed significant main effects of location (p &lt, 0.001) with children living a rural environment having the lowest CMR and children living in the centre of towns having the highest. Therefore, Brazilian children living in a rural environment appear to have superior health benefits.
Published: 2021

23. Association between eating habits, body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children

Author: Miguel Angelo dos Santos DUARTE JUNIOR, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo GAYA, Vanilson Batista LEMES, Camila Felin FOCHESATTO, Caroline BRAND, and Anelise Reis GAYA
Subjects: Multivariate statistics, Multivariate analysis, Crianças, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine (miscellaneous), 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Feeding behavior, Comportamento alimentar, Medicine, TX341-641, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Children, Doenças cardiovasculares, Nutrition and Dietetics, Adiponectin, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, business.industry, Leptin, Insulin, Blood pressure, Cardiovascular diseases, business, Body mass index, Aptidão cardiorrespiratória, Demography
Abstract: Objective To verify the multivariate relationships between eating habits, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children. Methods This is a cross-sectional study developed in a public elementary school with 60 first- to sixth-graders. Their eating habits were assessed using the Food Frequency Survey, weight, height, and cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed according to the Projeto Esporte Brasil protocol. Moreover, the variables, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, diastolic and systolic blood pressure were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and generalized estimation equations were used for the analysis of direct and indirect relations, in a multivariate analysis model with several simultaneous outcomes. Results It appears that the eating habits and cardiorespiratory fitness explain 20% of the body mass index. Cardiometabolic risk factors are explained by the relationship between eating habits, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body mass index, according to the following percentages: 29% (systolic blood pressure), 18% (diastolic blood pressure), 63% (leptin), 4% (adiponectin), 14% (C-reactive protein), 17% (insulin), 10% (high-density lipoprotein), 1% (low-density lipoprotein), 4% (glucose). It is also observed that the effects of the eating habits on cardiometabolic risk factors are indirect, that is, they are dependent on changes in the body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Conclusions The relationship between eating habits and cardiometabolic risk factors in children is dependent on cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index. Thus, our findings suggest a multivariate relationship between these factors. RESUMO Objetivo Verificar as relações multivariadas entre hábitos alimentares, aptidão cardiorrespiratória, índice de massa corporal e fatores de risco cardiometabólico em crianças. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, desenvolvido com 60 crianças em uma escola pública, de ensino fundamental. Os hábitos alimentares foram avaliados por meio do Inquérito de Frequência Alimentar, peso, estatura e aptidão cardiorrespiratória, avaliados de acordo com o protocolo do Projeto Esporte Brasil. Ainda, foram avaliadas as variáveis lipoproteína de alta densidade, lipoproteína de baixa densidade, glicose, insulina, proteína C-reativa, adiponectina, leptina, pressão arterial diastólica e sistólica. Para a análise de dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e, para a análise das relações diretas e indiretas, equações de estimativa generalizadas, em uma modelagem de análise multivariada com diversos desfechos simultâneos. Resultados Verifica-se que os hábitos alimentares e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória explicam o índice de massa corporal em 20%. Os fatores de risco cardiometabólico são explicados pelas relações entre hábitos alimentares, aptidão cardiorrespiratória e índice de massa corporal, de acordo com os seguintes percentuais: 29% (pressão arterial sistólica), 18% (pressão arterial diastólica), 63% (leptina), 4% (adiponectina), 14% (proteína C-reativa), 17% (insulina), 10% (lipoproteína de alta densidade), 1% (lipoproteína de baixa densidade), 4% (glicose). Ainda, observa-se que os efeitos dos hábitos alimentares nos fatores de risco cardiometabólico são indiretos, isso é, são dependentes das alterações no índice de massa corporal e nos níveis aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Conclusão A relação entre os hábitos alimentares e os fatores de risco cardiometabólico em crianças é dependente da aptidão cardiorrespiratória e do índice de massa corporal, de forma que os achados deste estudo sugerem uma relação multivariada entre esses fatores.
Published: 2021

24. A multicomponent intervention program with overweight and obese adolescents improves body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness, but not insulin biomarkers

Author: Leticia Borfe, Letícia de Borba Schneiders, Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner, Anelise Reis Gaya, Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Cézane Priscila Reuter, and Caroline Brand
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, obesity, Waist, medicine.medical_treatment, Physical fitness, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Overweight, Exercício físico, Adolescents, lcsh:GV557-1198.995, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Poisson regression, adolescents, Obesity, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Adolescentes, Exercise, lcsh:Sports, cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise, business.industry, Insulin, biomarkers, Clinical Trial, Biomarcadores, Obesidade, Sports and Active Living, symbols, Resistin, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index, Biomarkers, Aptidão cardiorrespiratória
Abstract: Objective: To verify the effect of a multicomponent intervention with overweight/obese adolescents on physical fitness, body composition, and insulin biomarkers.Methods: A quasi-experimental study with 37 adolescents, aged 10 to 17 years, of both sexes, overweight and obese, allocated in two groups (Intervention—IG Group, n = 17; Control—GC Group, n = 20). The IGs were submitted to a multicomponent intervention for 6 months (three weekly sessions) consisting of physical exercises (sports, functional circuit, recreational, and water activities) and nutritional and psychological guidance. Participants were assessed before and after intervention on body composition [body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)], physical fitness [cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and abdominal strength], and biomarkers of insulin (glucose, insulin, evaluation of the homeostasis model of insulin, and resistin resistance). The prevalence of responders in both groups was obtained according to the theoretical model applied in previous studies similar to this one to determine the cutoff points for response to intervention. Poisson regression was used to verify the difference in the prevalence ratio (PR) of the interviewees between the groups.Results: The responders' prevalence between groups CG and IG showed significant differences for body fat (CG = 30.0%; IG = 70.6%; PR = 1.396; p < 0.001), WHR (CG = 30.0%; IG = 76.5%; PR = 1.730; p < 0.001), and CRF (CG = 15.0%; IG = 52.5%; PR = 1.580; p < 0.001).Conclusions: A 6-month multicomponent intervention program improved certain body composition parameters and the CRF of overweight and obese adolescents but did not improve insulin biomarkers.Clinical Trial Registration: Clinical Trials under Protocol ID: 54985316.0.0000.5343.
Published: 2021

25. Physical fitness attenuates the genetic predisposition to obesity in children and adolescents

Author: Marilu Fiegenbaum, Andréia Rosane de Moura Valim, João Francisco de Castro Silveira, Caroline Brand, César Agostinis-Sobrinho, Ryan D. Burns, Cézane Priscila Reuter, Pâmela Ferreira Todendi, and Anelise Reis Gaya
Subjects: Male, Aptidão física, Pediatric Obesity, Adolescent, Crianças, Physical fitness, Psychological intervention, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetic predisposition, Genetics, Medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Obesity, Muscle Strength, Risk factor, Child, Adolescentes, Índice de massa corporal, business.industry, Cardiorespiratory fitness, 030229 sport sciences, Moderation, medicine.disease, Genética, Childhood, Adolescence, Cross-Sectional Studies, Obesidade, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Fitness, Female, business, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract: Obesity is an important risk factor associated with non-communicable cardiometabolic diseases. Previous studies have indicated that children and adolescents with a predisposed genetic risk for obesity could benefit from an active lifestyle, but there are no studies investigating whether physical fitness moderates the association of genetics and obesity. The aim of this study was to verify the moderating role of physical fitness in the relationship between genetic risk score (GRS) and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 1471 children and adolescents, aged between 6 and 17 years from Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil. Weight and height were assessed to determine BMI. Physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF], lower limb strength [LLS], upper limb strength, and abdominal strength) were evaluated. The GRS was based on previously associated obesity single-nucleotide polymorphism rs9939609 (FTO), rs6548238 (TMEM18), and rs16835198 (FNDC5). Moderation analyses were tested using linear regression models, and the interactions were represented by physical fitness components X GRS (categorical variable). All analyses were adjusted for skin color/ethnicity, sex, and sexual maturation. Significant interactions for CRF (P = 0.041), LLS (P = 0.041), and abdominal strength (P = 0.046) X 5 and 6 risk alleles with BMI were found only in adolescents. In addition, there was evidence that fitness components attenuated the high genetic predisposition to high BMI. Physical fitness components are moderators in the relationship between GRS and BMI in adolescents. These findings highlight the need for interventions targeting to improve this aspect, which is an important health indicator in all ages.
Published: 2020

26. Physical fitness as a moderator in the relationship between adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents

Author: Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner, Ana Paula Sehn, Jorge Mota, Anelise Reis Gaya, Cézane Priscila Reuter, and Caroline Brand
Subjects: Male, Waist, Adolescent, Physical fitness, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Overweight, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Obesity, Child, Lipoprotein cholesterol, Adiposity, Cardiometabolic risk, business.industry, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Moderation, Cross-Sectional Studies, Normal weight, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Fitness, Female, medicine.symptom, Waist Circumference, business, Demography
Abstract: BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to verify the moderator role of physical fitness in the relationship between adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in normal weight and overweight/obese children and adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study comprising 2482 children and adolescents, aged 7-17 years. Physical fitness was evaluated according the procedures of Projeto Esporte Brazil, and waist circumference (WC) with an inelastic tape. Cardiometabolic risk score was defined by the z-score sum of glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moderation analysis was done through linear regression models. RESULTS Significant interaction term for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)×WC with cardiometabolic risk factors (P
Published: 2020

27. Like Mother, like Son: Physical Activity, Commuting, and Associated Demographic Factors

Author: Arieli Fernandes Dias, Anelise Reis Gaya, Caroline Brand, Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner, Cézane Priscila Reuter, Luiza Naujorks Reis, Michael J. Duncan, Jorge Mota, and Emilio Villa-González
Subjects: parent-child relations, socioeconomic factors, transportation, education, Geography, Planning and Development, Physical activity, Ethnic group, TJ807-830, Transportation, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Socioeconomic factors, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, GE1-350, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomic status, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Parent-child relations, 030229 sport sciences, Environmental sciences, Skin color, Binary regression, Rural area, Psychology, Demography
Abstract: We would like to express our gratitude to the children, parents, and schools participating in the study., A mother’s healthy conduct may lead to the healthy conduct of their children. Thus, this study aimed to verify the role of demographic factors in the relationship between mothers’ physical activity (PA) and commuting to work with children and adolescent’s PA and commuting to school. This cross-sectional study comprised 1421 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years and 1421 mothers, from Brazil. PA, commuting, socioeconomic status (SES), skin color/ethnicity, and living area were evaluated by questionnaire. Logistic binary regression models were used. Results indicated that mothers’ PA and commuting were associated with children and adolescent’s PA and commuting to school in crude and adjusted models. Considering the role of the demographic factors, an association was only observed for girls in the relationship between mother’s PA with children’s PA. In adolescents, an association was observed in both high/low SES, boys/girls, and rural/urban areas. Regarding children and adolescent active commuting to school, there was an association with mothers commuting. All demographic factors were strongly associated, except for rural areas. Therefore, mothers’ PA as well as commuting to work are associated with children and adolescent’s PA and commuting to school. Sex, living area, and SES are the related demographic factors., CAPES, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology SFRH/BSAB/142983/2018 UID/DTP/00617/201
Published: 2020

28. Temporal trends in physical fitness and obesity among Brazilian children and adolescents between 2008 and 2014

Author: Jorge Mota, Caroline Brand, Júlio Brugnara Mello, Antonio García-Hermoso, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, Anelise Reis Gaya, Gabriel Alberto Kunst Nagorny, Vinícius Denardin Cardoso, and Arieli Fernandes Dias
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Aptidão física, Physical fitness, Psychological intervention, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Overweight, Saúde, Logistic regression, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Educação física, School children, Physical education, Educación Física y Deportiva, medicine, overweight, 030212 general & internal medicine, Musculoskeletal health, lcsh:Sports medicine, musculoskeletal health, business.industry, school children, Cardiometabolic health, Cardiorespiratory fitness, medicine.disease, Obesity, Test (assessment), physical education, 030104 developmental biology, Obesidade, medicine.symptom, lcsh:RC1200-1245, business, Estudantes, Body mass index, cardiometabolic health, Demography
Abstract: The research aim to assess the trend of the health-related physical fitness over a period comprising 2008-2014, in two cohorts of a voluntary Brazilian school aged children and adolescents. Data was obtained from the database of Project Sport Brazil. The sample comprised children and adolescents aged between 10-17 years, assessed in two cohorts: 2008-2009 (6,281) and 2013-2014 (4,052) from different Brazilian regions. Measurement of the health-related physical fitness included: sit-up abdominal test, sit and reach, nine-minute of running/walking test, and body mass index. Descriptive data analyses and Poisson Logistic Regression were used. Prevalence trends of unhealthy flexibility increased significantly for boys from 35.2% to 38.4% and girls 23.5% to 38.0%, while prevalence on unhealthy abdominal strength/resistance decreased significantly for boys from 35.9% to 30.0%, and did not show differences over time for girls. Overweight/obesity increased significantly over time in boys from 18.9% to 23.7%, as well as in girls from 19.4% to 28.0%. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) showed the highest variation over time with a significantly increase of the unhealthy zone for both, boys from 33.4% to 61.3% and girls 33.3% to 66.6%. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of implementation national campaigns and interventions promoting physical activity in order to improve health.
Published: 2020

29. Meeting international screen-time guidelines is associated with healthy dietary patterns in Spanish schoolchildren

Author: Miguel Angelo dos Santos Duarte Junior, Juan Luis Yuste Lucas, Anelise Reis Gaya, and José Francisco López Gil
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Internationality, Crianças, Medicine (miscellaneous), Healthy eating, Sedentary behaviorn, 0302 clinical medicine, Vegetables, Odds Ratio, Nuts, Child, Children, Nutrition and Dietetics, Fishes, Comportamiento sedentario, Dietary pattern, Patrones de alimentación, %22">Fish , Female, Guideline Adherence, Diet, Healthy, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Dieta mediterrânea, Estilo de vida, Screen Time, 03 medical and health sciences, Screen time, Feeding patterns, Sex Factors, Mediterranean diet, medicine, Confidence Intervals, Animals, Humans, Niños, Gynecology, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, business.industry, Estudio transversal, Feeding Behavior, Lifestyle, Comportamento sedentário, Dieta mediterránea, Sedentary behavior, Cross-Sectional Studies, Spain, Fruits and vegetables, Fruit, business, Hábitos alimentares
Abstract: espanolObjetivo: el objetivo de esta investigacion fue explorar la relacion entre los habitos de alimentacion y el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de tiempo de pantalla en escolares espanoles. Material y metodos: se realizo un estudio transversal y asociativo con un total de 370 escolares (44,9 % ninas) de 6 a 13 anos (8,7 ± 1,8). Resultados: en los ninos, aquellos que no cumplian con las recomendaciones presentaron menos probabilidades de comer verduras regularmente (OR = 0,50; IC 95 % = 0,28-0,89) y de ingerirlas mas de una vez al dia (OR = 0,43; IC 95 % = 0,22-0,85). En las ninas se observo que las que no cumplian las recomendaciones presentaban una menor probabilidad de comer una pieza de fruta (OR = 0,43; IC 95 % = 0,19-0,99) asi como una segunda pieza (OR = 0,22; IC 95 % = 0,22-0,81), verduras mas de una vez al dia (OR = 0,39; IC 95 % = 0,19-0,80), pescado (al menos 2-3 veces por semana) (OR = 0,40; IC 95 % = 0,20-0,78) y frutos secos (al menos 2 o 3 veces por semana) (OR = 0,46; IC 95 % = 0,24-0,87). Conclusion: algunos patrones de alimentacion saludable, como el consumo de frutas y verduras, parecen ser mas prevalentes en los ninos que cumplen con las recomendaciones internacionales de tiempo de pantalla. EnglishObjective: the aim of this research was to explore the relationship between dietary pattern habits and compliance with screen-time guidelines in Spanish schoolchildren. Material and methods: a cross-sectional and associative study was performed in a total of 370 schoolchildren (44.9 % girls) aged 6-13 (8.7 ± 1.8) years. Results: for boys, those who did not meet these guidelines presented lower chances of eating vegetables regularly (OR = 0.50; 95 % CI = 0.28-0.89) or more than once a day (OR = 0.43; 95 % CI = 0.22-0.85). In girls, it was observed that those who did not meet the guidelines presented a lower probability of eating one piece of fruit (OR = 0.43; 95 % CI = 0.19-0.99) as well as a second piece (OR = 0.22; 95 % CI = 0.22-0.81), vegetables more than once a day (OR = 0.39; 95 % CI = 0.19-0.80), fish (at least 2-3 times/week) (OR = 0.40; 95 % CI = 0.20-0.78) and nuts (at least 2 or 3 times per week) (OR = 0.46; 95 % = 0.24-0.87). Conclusion: some healthy eating patterns, such as the consumption of fruits and vegetables, appeared to be more prevalent in those children who met the international screen-time guidelines.
Published: 2020

30. Obesity anthropometric indicators associated with cardiometabolic risk in Portuguese children and adolescents

Author: Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, Caroline Brand, Jorge Mota, Vanilson Batista Lemes, Arieli Fernandes Dias, and Anelise Reis Gaya
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, WHtR, waist-to-height ratio, Waist, OW/OB, overweight/obese, BMI, body mass index, lcsh:Medicine, DBP, diastolic blood pressure, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Health Informatics, Standard score, Overweight, CM, cardiometabolic, HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, High-density lipoprotein, ESKF, average of skinfolds, WC, waist circumference, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Body mass index, Cardiometabolic risk, SKF, skinfolds, Youngsters, business.industry, SBP, systolic blood pressure, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Regular Article, TG, triglycerides, Anthropometry, MAP, mean arterial pressure, medicine.disease, Obesity, chemistry, Health, Physical therapy, medicine.symptom, business, LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Skinfold, Demography
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between cardiometabolic risk with body mass index and skinfold independently or in combination in youth. This cross-sectional study comprised a convenience sample of 450 children and adolescents (255 girls), aged 10 to 18 years old. Indicators of body composition were measured, and hemodynamic assessment completed. The association between body mass index and/or sum of skinfolds and cardiometabolic risk (z score of the sum of triglycerides/high density lipoprotein cholesterol, waist circumference, and mean blood pressure), was calculated using Generalized Linear Models Regression. The results showed that youngsters classified as overweight or obese with the highest skinfold measurements had the strongest association with cardiometabolic risk (: 2.60; IC 95%: 2.25–3.0) when compared with those exhibiting normal skinfold thickness (: 1.78; IC 95%: 1.30–2.20). Body mass index was most strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk (: 1.78; IC 95%: 1.3–2.2), in comparison to skinfold thickness, which was associated to a lesser extent (: 0.41; IC 95%: 0.34–0.49). Results of this cross-sectional study indicate that body mass index is more strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk than skinfold thickness. However when these two measures of overweight/obesity are combined, prediction of cardiometabolic risk is further improved. It is therefore important that public health professionals consider both body mass index and sum of skinfolds to better predict cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese youth. Implications for future research include the use of longitudinal designs and inclusion of children from other racial/ethnic groups., Highlights • Body mass index and skinfold improved the prediction of cardiometabolic risk. • Body mass index seems to be the best indicator of cardiometabolic risk factors. • Anthropometric indicators are cost-effective screening of overweight/obesity.
Published: 2017

31. Muscular fitness, Southern European Atlantic Diet and inflammation in adolescents. Azorean Physical Activity and Health Study II

Author: Jose Oliveira-Santos, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya, Anelise Reis Gaya, Carla Moreira, Pedro V. Silva, Caroline Brand, Jorge Mota, Luis Carlos Oliveira Lopes, César Agostinis-Sobrinho, Rute Santos, and Sandra Abreu
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, Adolescent, Physical activity, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Inflammation, Biology, Diet Surveys, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Muscle, Skeletal, Exercise, Anthropometry, Portugal, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Diet, C-Reactive Protein, Cross-Sectional Studies, Physical Fitness, Female, medicine.symptom
Abstract: High muscular fitness (MF) and high adherence to the Southern European Atlantic Diet (the SEADiet) have been associated with several positive metabolic outcomes. The purpose of the present study was two-fold: (i) to explore the independent associations between MF and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels; and (ii) to investigate the combined impact of MF and SEADiet on the CRP levels in a sample of adolescents. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted on 463 adolescents (272 girls) aged 15-18 years, from the Portuguese Azorean Archipelago. Anthropometric indicators (stature, body mass, waist circumference (WC)) were measured by standardized protocols and pubertal stages were assessed by Tanner criteria. Blood samples were taken after an overnight fast. MF was assessed by the curl-up and push-up tests (from the Fitnessgram test battery). Adherence to the SEADiet was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression models showed that MF was inversely associated with hs-CRP (unstandardized B = -0.127; p .009), after adjustments for age, sex, and pubertal stage, adherence of SEADiet, total energy intake and low-energy reporter and WC. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significant difference between the low adherence of SEADiet with low MF group and those with a high adherence of SEADiet and high MF (p .05) (F
Published: 2017

32. Perceived and objective measures of neighborhood environment: association with active commuting to school by socioeconomic status in Brazilian adolescents

Author: Anelise Reis Gaya, Jorge Mota, Arieli Fernandes Dias, Maria Paula Santos, Caroline Brand, Andreia N. Pizarro, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, and Thiago Monteiro Mendes
Subjects: Health Policy, Atividade física, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Transportation, Transporte, Pollution, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Geography, 030212 general & internal medicine, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Estudantes, Safety Research, Humanities
Abstract: O deslocamento para a escola é influenciado por fatores ambientais que são específicos de cada país. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre deslocamento ativo de/para escola (DAE) com medidas percebidas e objetivas dos fatores ambientais do bairro, assim como avaliar a influência do nível socioeconômico (NSE) em adolescentes Brasileiros. Estudo transversal, com amostra aleatória de 1130 adolescentes (47,3% meninos), com idades entre 14 e 20 anos, da cidade de Porto Alegre-Brasil. DAE e NSE foram avaliados por questionário e os fatores do ambiente percebido através da Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (NEWS-Y). Fatores objetivos do ambiente construído foram mensurados usando o Sistema de Informações Geográficas, pela rede de ruas nos buffers de 0,5 km e 1,0 km em torno do endereço residencial do participante. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de modelos de regressão linear generalizada. Result: ados: A associação entre DAE com medidas percebidas e objetivas dos fatores ambientais no bairro de adolescentes nos buffers de 0,5 km e 1,0 km foram: uso misto do solo, instalações de recreação no bairro, existência de ciclovias e densidade residencial. Além disso, a existência de parques/praças foi associada com DAE apenas no buffer de 0,5 km. A existência de ciclovias nos buffers de 0,5 km e 1,0 km foi associada com DAE em todos os NSE. O uso misto do solo e as instalações de recreação no bairro foram associados com DAE apenas no NSE médio em ambos buffers. Ainda, foi encontrada associação entre o uso misto do solo com DAE no buffer de 0,5 km no NSE baixo e alto. Conclusão: DAE foi associado com o uso misto do solo, instalações de recreação no bairro, existência de parques/praças e ciclovias e densidade residencial em adolescentes Brasileiros. NSE é um fator importante ao considerar DAE e fatores ambientais. El desplazamiento a la escuela es influenciado por factores ambientales específicos de cada país. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la asociación entre los desplazamientos activos de la/desde la escuela (DAE) con las medidas percibidas y objetivas de los factores ambientales del vecindario, así como evaluar la influencia del estado socioeconómico (ESE) en los adolescentes Brasileños. Métodos: Estudio transversal con muestra aleatoria de 1130 adolescentes (47,3% niños), edades entre 14 y 20 años, de la ciudad de Porto Alegre Brasil. DAE y ESE se evaluaron mediante cuestionario y los factores ambientales percibidos a través de Neighborhood Environment Walkability ScaleYouth (NEWS-Y). Factores ambientales construidos objetivamente, los cuales fueron medidos usando Sistemas de Información Geográfica, dentro de los límites de la red vial situados entre 0,5 km y 1 km alrededor de la dirección residencial del participante. El análisis de datos se realizó utilizando modelos de regresión lineal generalizados. Result: ados: La asociación entre DAE con medidas percibidas y objetivas de los factores ambientales del vecindario de los adolescentes en zonas de amortiguación 0,5 km y 1,0 km fueron: mezcla de uso del suelo, instalaciones de recreación en el vecindario, ciclovías y densidad residencial. Adicionalmente, existencia de parques/plazas fue asociado con DAE solo en zona de amortiguación 0,5 km. Existencia de ciclovías en zona de amortiguación 0,5 km y 1,0 km se asoció con SCA en todos ESE. Mezcla de uso del suelo y las instalaciones de recreación del vecindario se asociaron con DAE solo en ESE medio en ambas zonas. Además, se encontró asociación entre mezcla de uso del suelo y DAE en zona de amortiguación 0,5 km para ESE bajo y alto. Conclusión: DAE fue asociado con mezcla de uso del suelo, instalaciones recreativas de vecindario, existencia de parques/plazas, ciclovías y de Conclusión: DAE fue asociado con mezcla de uso del suelo, instalaciones recreativas de vecindario, existencia de parques/plazas, ciclovías y densidad residencial en adolescentes Brasileños. ESE es factor importante a considerar al estudiar DAE y factores ambientales.
Published: 2019

33. The role of body fat in the relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness with cardiovascular risk factors in Brazilian children

Author: Camila Felin Fochesatto, Arieli Fernandes Dias, Anelise Reis Gaya, Jorge Mota, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, Antonio García-Hermoso, and Caroline Brand
Subjects: Mean arterial pressure, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Cardiovascular risk factors, Diastole, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, schoolers, lcsh:GV557-1198.995, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Statistical analysis, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Sports medicine, Risk factor, triglycerides, Partial correlation, lcsh:Sports, business.industry, health, Cardiorespiratory fitness, General Medicine, Blood pressure, Endocrinology, arterial pressure, lcsh:RC1200-1245, business
Abstract: Aims: To analyze the association between the percentage of body fat and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with cardiovascular risk factors in children, and; to examine whether percentage of body fat acts as a mediator on the association between CRF and cardiovascular risk factor. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 128 children aged 7-11 years (Mean 8.54, SD: 1.42). The following variables were evaluated: the percentage of body fat, CRF, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol. For statistical analysis were performed Partial correlation and mediation analysis. All analysis was adjusted for sex, age and height. Results: CRF, the percentage of body fat, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and TG showed a correlation between each other. Percentage of body fat mediated the association between CRF and MAP (Indirect Effect= -0.008; IC: -0.0159 -0.0030), explaining 29% of this association. However, it was found that the percentage of body fat was not a mediator of the association between CRF and TG. Conclusion: The percentage of body fat mediates the association between CRF and MAP. Our findings show that the importance of a healthy body composition for the prevention of high blood pressure levels in childhood as well as the relevance of physical activity on these parameters.
Published: 2018

34. Risco metabólico em escolares está associado com baixos níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória, obesidade e perfil nutricional dos pais

Author: Elza Daniel de Mello, Miria Suzana Burgos, Cézane Priscila Reuter, Pâmela Ferreira Todendi, Anelise Reis Gaya, and Andréia Rosane de Moura Valim
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, Rural Population, School, Parents, Pediatrics, Urban Population, Cross-sectional study, Blood Pressure, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Overweight, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Body mass index, Metabolic Syndrome, Índice de massa corporal, lcsh:RJ1-570, Lipoproteins, LDL, Obesidade, Escolares, Female, Underweight, medicine.symptom, Lipoproteins, HDL, Risk assessment, Brazil, Aptidão cardiorrespiratória, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Nutritional Status, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, medicine, Humans, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, Obesity, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Adolescentes, Triglycerides, Parental obesity, business.industry, lcsh:Pediatrics, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Pais, Sobrepeso, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Exercise Test, business, Demography
Abstract: Objective: Verify the association between metabolic risk profile in students with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index, as well as the nutritional status of their parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 1.254 schoolchildren aged between seven and 17 years. The metabolic risk profile was calculated by summing the standardized values of high density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, glucose and systolic blood pressure. The parents’ nutritional status was evaluated by self-reported weight and height data, for body mass index calculating. The body mass index of schoolchildren was classified as underweight/normal weight and overweight/obesity. The cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by 9-minute running/walk test, being categorized as fit (good levels) and unfit (low levels). Data were analyzed using prevalence ratio values (PR). Results: The data indicates a higher occurrence of developing metabolic risk in schoolchildren whose mother is obese (PR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.23), and even higher for those whose father and mother are obese (PR: 2, 79, 95% CI: 1.41; 5.51). Students who have low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and overweight/obesity have higher occurrence of presenting metabolic risk profile (PR: 5.25; 95% CI: 3.31; 8.16). Conclusion: the occurrence of developing metabolic risk in schoolchildren increase when they have low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and overweight/obesity, and the presence of parental obesity. Resumo: Objetivo: Verificar se há associação entre o perfil de risco metabólico em escolares com diferentes níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória e índice de massa corporal, bem como com o perfil nutricional de seus pais. Métodos: Estudo transversal constituído por 1.254 escolares com idade entre sete e 17 anos. O perfil de risco metabólico foi calculado por meio da soma dos valores estandardizados de lipoproteína de alta densidade e lipoproteína de baixa densidade, triglicerídeos, glicose e pressão arterial sistólica. O perfil nutricional dos pais foi avaliado pelos dados autorreferidos de peso e estatura, calculando-se posteriormente o índice de massa corporal. O índice de massa corporal do escolar foi classificado em baixo peso/peso normal e sobrepeso/obesidade. A aptidão cardiorrespiratória foi avaliada através do teste de corrida/caminhada de 9 minutos, sendo categorizada em apto (bons níveis) e inapto (baixos níveis). Os dados foram analisados através dos valores de razão de prevalência (RP). Resultados: Os dados apontam maior ocorrência de desenvolvimento de risco metabólico em escolares que apresentam mãe com obesidade (RP: 1,50; IC 95%: 1,01; 2,23) e, maior ainda, em escolares que possuem pai e mãe obesos (RP: 2,79; IC 95%: 1,41; 5,51). Escolares que apresentam baixos níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória e sobrepeso/obesidade possuem maior ocorrência de perfil metabólico de risco (RP: 5,25; IC 95%: 3,31; 8,16). Conclusões: a ocorrência de desenvolvimento de risco metabólico em escolares aumentam quando estes apresentam baixos níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória e sobrepeso/obesidade, assim como na presença de obesidade dos pais. Keywords: School, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Body mass index, Parents, Palavras-chave: Escolares, Aptidão cardiorrespiratória, Índice de massa corporal, Pais
Published: 2016

35. FTO polymorphism, cardiorespiratory fitness, and obesity in Brazilian youth

Author: Marilene Henning Vainstein, Tássia Silvana Borges, Elisa Inês Klinger, Cézane Priscila Reuter, Livia Kmetzsch, Daniel Prá, Lia Gonçalves Possuelo, Silvia Isabel Rech Franke, Miria Suzana Burgos, Anelise Reis Gaya, and Andréia Rosane de Moura Valim
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Population, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Overweight, Bioinformatics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Genotype, Genetics, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Obesity, Anthropology, Anatomy, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index
Abstract: Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the rs9939609 fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) polymorphism and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with overweight/obesity outcomes in youth. Methods This study included 420 youths, comprising 211 boys and 209 girls aged 7–17. Overweight/obesity were evaluated by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the percentage of fat (PF) according to two skinfold thickness measurements. Genotyping of the rs9939609 polymorphism was conducted using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) utilizing TaqMan® probes, and CRF was evaluated through a 9-minute run/walk test, categorized as fit or unfit. Logistic regression was utilized to evaluate a possible association between the polymorphism and CRF, with three obesity indicators evaluated. Results Individuals with the genotype risk (AA) of FTO polymorphism rs9939609 showed higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, as evaluated by BMI (OR: 3.21; CI: 1.71–6.05), WC (OR: 2.59; CI: 1.35–4.97), and PF (OR: 2.59; CI: 1.36–4.92). Additionally, students with the AA genotype in the unfit model had a significant odds ratio for obesity (OR: 4.40; CI: 1.83–10.61 for BMI; OR: 3.54; CI: 1.58–7.96 for WC), whereas we did not observe associations between the AA genotype with BMI and WC using the fit model. Conversely, PF was associated with the AA genotype only in the fit model (OR: 3.24; CI: 1.26–8.34). Conclusions This study demonstrated that the rs9939609 (FTO) polymorphism showed a relationship with obesity in the population studied and an interaction with CRF. Students with low levels of CRF and the AA genotype have a higher risk of being overweight/obese. This association was not found in students with higher levels of CRF. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published: 2015

36. Distance from home to the nearest park and the use of the parks for physical activity: the mediator role of road safety perception in adolescents

Author: M.P. Maia Santos, Cíntia Fochesatto, Anelise Reis Gaya, Jorge Mota, Caroline Brand, Andreia Isabel Pizarro, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, Arieli Fernandes Dias, and Thiago Monteiro Mendes
Subjects: Male, Mediation (statistics), Adolescent, Parks, Recreational, Poison control, Occupational safety and health, 03 medical and health sciences, Public space, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Residence Characteristics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Injury prevention, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomic status, Exercise, 030503 health policy & services, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Human factors and ergonomics, General Medicine, Cross-Sectional Studies, Walkability, Geographic Information Systems, Environment Design, Female, Perception, Safety, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, human activities, Brazil, Demography
Abstract: Objective The objective of the study is to examine whether adolescents' road safety perception (RSP) acts as a mediator on the association between the distance from home to the nearest park and the use of the parks for physical activity (PA). Study design This is a cross-sectional study. Methods The evaluation was through a random sample of 1130 adolescents (534 male), corresponding to 47.3%, 14–20 years old, from Porto Alegre, Brazil. RSP was assessed through some questions of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth. Park use, socioeconomic status, age, and sex were measured using a questionnaire. Distance from home to the nearest park was evaluated through geographic information system. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation, and linear regression models were fitted as per the Baron and Kenny procedures for mediation analyses. All analyses were adjusted for sex and socioeconomic status. Results Road safety perception is independently associated with less distance from home to the nearest park (P = 0.04) and use of the parks for PA (P = 0.02). Road safety perception is a mediator and explains 16% of the association between park use and distance from home to the park (indirect Effect = −40.9966; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 119.3733–2.2455). Conclusion Our findings indicated that RSP is a mediator on the association between the distance from home to the nearest park and the use of the parks for PA. Future studies should take this into consideration frequency and intensity of PA and other environmental characteristics, such as crime, aesthetics, and neighborhood facilities.
Published: 2018

37. Aggregation of risk indicators to cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health in Brazilian adolescents in the periods 2008/09 and 2013/14

Author: Vanilson Batista Lemes, Anelise Reis Gaya, Priscila Antunes Marques, Arieli Fernandes Dias, Caroline Brand, Gabriela Guedes, Juliana Correa Gonçalves, and Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya
Subjects: Gerontology, Male, Aptidão física, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Physical fitness, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Saúde, Logistic regression, Risk Assessment, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Metabolic Diseases, Environmental health, Systematic risk, Epidemiology, Medicine, Musculoskeletal health, Humans, Obesity, 030212 general & internal medicine, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Child, Descriptive statistics, business.industry, lcsh:RJ1-570, Cardiorespiratory fitness, lcsh:Pediatrics, 030229 sport sciences, Obesidade, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Health, Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Exercise Test, Female, business, Body mass index, Brazil
Abstract: Objective: To assess the occurrence of an aggregate risk to cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health of Brazilian adolescents in the period 2008/09 and 2013/14 and to identify whether there are differences in risk between the genders and in these periods. Methods: This was a trend epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, consisting of a voluntary sample of adolescents from 16 Brazilian states. Data were extracted from the database of Brazil Sports Project (Projeto Esporte Brasil). Health-related physical fitness was evaluated based on body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, and abdominal strength/resistance. Descriptive analysis, chi-squared test, and Poisson log regression were used for the statistical treatment. Results: In the years 2008/09, 14.6% of Brazilian youngsters showed an aggregate risk to cardiometabolic health and 17.1% an aggregate risk for musculoskeletal indicators, whereas in 2013/14, the values of the risk indicators were, respectively 40.0% and 22.4%. It was observed that, in the years 2013/14, the risk to the cardiometabolic health of boys was 2.51 times greater than in 2008/09, while for girls, a three-fold increase in risk was observed. Concerning musculoskeletal health, girls showed a 2.21 risk of being in the risk zone in 2013/14 when compared with 2008/09. Conclusion: The occurrence of an aggregate risk to the cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health of Brazilian adolescents increased in the 2008/09 and 2013/14 periods. Regarding gender, an increase in the cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal risk between these periods was observed in girls. As for boys, an increase was observed only in cardiometabolic risk. Resumo: Objetivo: Verificar a ocorrência de risco agregado à saúde cardiometabólica e musculoesquelética de adolescentes brasileiros no período de 2008/09 e 2013/14 e identificar se existem diferenças no risco entre os sexos e nesses períodos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de tendência com abordagem quantitativa, composto por uma amostra voluntária de adolescentes, de 16 estados brasileiros. Os dados foram extraídos da base de dados do Projeto Esporte Brasil. A aptidão física relacionada a saúde foi avaliada a partir de: índice de massa corporal, aptidão cardiorrespiratória, flexibilidade, e força/resistência abdominal. Para o tratamento estatístico foi utilizado análise descritiva, qui-quadrado e regressão Poisson log. Resultados: Nos anos de 2008/09, 14,6% de jovens brasileiros apresentaram risco à saúde cardiometabólica agregada e 17,1% risco agregado dos indicadores musculoesqueléticos. Enquanto em 2013/14, os valores dos indicadores de risco foram, respectivamente 40,0% e 22,4%. Observou-se que nos anos de 2013/14 o risco à saúde cardiometabólica dos meninos era 2,51 vezes maior que em 2008/09. Já para as meninas o aumento desse risco foi de 3 vezes. No que se refere à saúde musculoesquelética, as meninas apresentaram risco de 2,21 de estar na zona de risco em 2013/14 em relação à 2008/09. Conclusão: A ocorrência de risco agregado à saúde cardiometabólica e musculoesquelética de adolescentes brasileiros aumentou no período de 2008/09 e 2013/14. Com relação ao sexo houve um aumento no risco cardiometabólico e musculoesquelético nas meninas entre esses períodos. Já para os meninos houve aumento apenas do risco cardiometabólico. Keywords: Health, Physical fitness, Obesity, Palavras-chave: Saúde, Aptidão física, Obesidade
Published: 2016

38. Associação entre estrutura da escola com a atividade física na aula de educação física e no recreio

Author: Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, Anelise Reis Gaya, Arieli Fernandes Dias, Caroline Brand, Júlio Brugnara Mello, and Vanilson Batista Lemes
Subjects: Inverse Association, Descriptive statistics, Physiology, education, Physical activity, Direct observation, 030229 sport sciences, Class (biology), Physical education, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Pedometer, 030212 general & internal medicine, Association (psychology), Psychology
Abstract: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n2p164 The aim of this study was to verify the association between the characteristics of the school structure and the physical activity of students in the physical education class and school recess. This is an association study with quantitative approach. The random sample is composed of 176 schoolchildren (71 boys and 105 girls) from 10 schools of the city of Passo Fundo-RS, Brazil. Physical activity was evaluated with a pedometer, after which the average number of steps in the physical education class and school recess was calculated. The characteristics of the school structure were evaluated by direct observation, with the audit tool in the school. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and generalized linear regression. The mean number of steps among boys was higher when compared to girls in the physical education class (t=3.478, p
Published: 2017

39. Projeto Esporte Brasil: perfil da aptidão física relacionada ao desempenho esportivo de crianças e adolescentes

Author: Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, Marcelo de Castro Haiachi, Anelise Reis Gaya, Júlio Brugnara Mello, and Gabriel Alberto Kunst Nagorny
Subjects: Physiology, business.industry, Physical fitness, 030229 sport sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Standard deviation, Lower limb, Confidence interval, Test (assessment), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Sprint, Physiology (medical), Medicine, business, Jump test, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Demography
Abstract: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p658 The aim of this study was to outline the physical fitness profile related to sport performance of Brazilian children and adolescents, stratified by sex. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study and information was obtained from the Projeto Esporte Brasil (PROESP-Br). The sample consisted of 8,750 voluntary subjects aged 7-17 years evaluated in the period between 2013 and 2015. The following variables were evaluated: lower limb strength (LLS) through the horizontal jump test and upper limb strength (ULS) through mediceball pitch, speed through the 20-meter sprint test and agility through the square test. Variables were classified with PROESP-Br criteria. For data processing, means, standard deviations, absolute and relative frequencies and confidence intervals were used. The results for boys have shown that the “poor” category had the highest prevalence: LLS (40.2%), ULS (29.7%), speed (41.4%) and agility (37.5%). The “excellent” category, as expected, had the lowest prevalence: LLS (3.7%), ULS (4.9%), speed (2.0%) and speed (3.5%). The results for girls were similar to those of boys, where the “poor” category had the highest prevalence: LLS (43.7%), ULS (36.8%), speed (43.8%) and agility (41.0 %). The “excellent” category also had the lowest prevalence: LLS (4.2%), ULS (4.3%), speed (1.6%) and speed (3.1%). The results indicated that the majority of Brazilian children and adolescents have physical fitness related to sport performance. Among variables analyzed, LLS for girls and speed for boys were the components with the most unfavorable results.
Published: 2016

40. Influence of muscle fitness test performance on metabolic risk factors among adolescent girls

Author: Jorge Mota, Clarice Martins, Anelise Reis Gaya, Carla Moreira, José Carlos Ribeiro, Susana Vale, Rute Santos, and Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do Porto
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, Gerontology, Test battery, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Research, Metabolic risk, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 030229 sport sciences, Physical strength, Test (assessment), 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, 0302 clinical medicine, Fitness test, Internal Medicine, Medicine, business, lcsh:RC620-627
Abstract: Background The purpose of this study was to examine the association between muscular fitness (MF), assessed by 2 components of Fitnessgram test battery, the Curl-Up and Push-Ups tests and the metabolic risk score among adolescent girls. Methods A total of 229 girls (aged 12-15 years old) comprised the sample of this study. Anthropometric data (height, body mass, waist circumference) were collected. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. Muscular strength was assessed taking into account the tests that comprised the FITNESSGRAM test battery, i.e. the curl-up and the push-up. Participants were then categorized in one of 3 categories according the number of tests in which they accomplished the scores that allow them to be classified in health or above health zone. The blood pressure [BP], fasting total cholesterol [TC], low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C], high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides [TG], glucose, and a metabolic risk score (MRS) were also examined. Physical Activity Index (PAI) was obtained by questionnaire. Results Higher compliance with health-zone criteria (good in the 2 tests), adjusted for age and maturation, were positive and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with height (r = 0.19) and PAI (r = 0.21), while a significant but negative association was found for BMI (r = -0.12); WC (r = -0.19); TC (r = -0.16); TG (r = -0.16); LDL (r = -0.16) and MRS (r = -0.16). Logistic regression showed that who were assigned to MF fittest group were less likely (OR = 0.27; p = 0.003) to be classified overweight/obese and less likely (OR = 0.26; p = 0.03) to be classified as having MRS. This last association was also found for those whom only performed 1 test under the health zone (OR = 0.23; p = 0.02). Conclusions Our data showed that low strength test performance was associated with increased risk for obesity and metabolic risk in adolescent girls even after adjustment for age and maturation.
Published: 2010

41. Estudo descritivo sobre a ocorrência de teses sobre o esporte nos programas de pós-graduação no Brasil

Author: Vinícius Denardin Cardoso, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, Alberto Reinaldo Reppold Filho, Anelise Reis Gaya, and Jorge Olimpio Bento
Subjects: lcsh:Sports, Health (social science), Conhecimento, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Postgraduate, 030229 sport sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:GV557-1198.995, 0302 clinical medicine, Knowledge, Esporte, Pós-graduação, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sport
Abstract: Resumo Sobre o olhar analítico às teses de doutorado sobre esporte entre 2010 e 2015 no Brasil o objetivo deste artigo é investigar se há indicadores que permitem visualizar a configuração de saberes científicos que ultrapassem as fronteiras disciplinares. É um estudo descritivo. No banco de teses da Capes e da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira (IBICIT), selecionamos 93 teses. Os resultados sugerem que embora identifiquemos em alguns cursos de doutorado das ciências humanas, sociais e da educação a flexibilização das fronteiras disciplinares, as análises não permitem sugerir a hipótese de que estejamos constituindo conhecimentos transdisciplinares. O conhecimento mantém-se numa abordagem multidisciplinar, portanto, isolado nos limites entre as fronteiras de seus objetos de estudo.

42. Asociación de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria de jóvenes con la actividad física y la estructura pedagógica de la educación física escolar

Author: Júlio Brugnara Mello, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, João Henrique Ploia Mello, Anelise Reis Gaya, and Fernando Vian
Subjects: School, Escola, Aptidão física, Health (social science), Actividad motoraJóvenes, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 030229 sport sciences, Physical fitness, Jóvenes, Motor activity, Teens, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Centro de enseñanza secundaria, Jovens, Atividade motora, GV557-1198.995, Aptitud física, 030212 general & internal medicine, Adolescentes, Escolas, Sports
Abstract: O objetivo do estudo é identificar a associação da aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ApC) de adolescentes com a atividade física (AF) e as características pedagógicas da educação física escolar (EFi). Avaliaram‐se 236 escolares do ensino médio (90 meninos) e seus professores de EFi. Foi feito teste de corrida de seis minutos, foram usados pedômetros, questionário (escolares) e entrevista (professores). Usaram‐se unidades de significado e categorização por meio de análise de conteúdo, além do teste t de Student, Anova e regressão linear. A ApC dos escolares que não fazem EFi não difere da dos que fazem (p >0,05). Identificamos a falta de ação dos professores de EFi sobre a promoção da saúde (análise qualitativa). O sexo e a AF predizem 47% da variabilidade da ApC dos escolares (R2: 0,474; p < 0,01). The aim of this study is to identify the association of the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of adolescents with physical activity (PA) and the pedagogical characteristics of the School Physical Education (SPE). A total of 236 high school students (90 boys) and their SPE teachers were evaluated. A 6‐minute running test, pedometer, questionnaire (students) and interview (teachers) were performed. We used units of meaning and categorization through content analysis, besides the Student's t test, ANOVA and linear regression. The CRF of the students who do SPE do not different who do SPE (p > 0.05). We identified the lack of action of SPE teachers on health promotion (qualitative analysis). Sex and PA predict 47% of the school's CRF variability (R2: 0.474, p < 0.01). El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la asociación de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (ApC) de adolescentes con la actividad física (AF) y las características pedagógicas de la educación física escolar (EFi). Se evaluó a 236 estudiantes de ensenanza ˜ secundaria (90 ninos) ˜ y a sus profesores de EFi. Se realizó una carrera de 6 minutos, se usaron podómetros, un cuestionario (estudiantes) y una entrevista (profesores). Se utilizaron unidades de significado y categorización mediante análisis de contenido, además de la prueba de la t de Student, Anova y regresión lineal. La ApC de los estudiantes que no realizan EFi no se diferencia de los que la realizan (p >0,05). Identificamos la falta de iniciativa de los profesores de EFi en la promoción de la salud (análisis cualitativo). El sexo y la AF pronostican el 47% de la variabilidad de la ApC de los estudiantes (R2: 0,474; p < 0,01).

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