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Aim The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic contribution of protein profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry applied to saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and dental plaque from periodontitis and healthy subjects. We hypothesized that rapid routine and blinded MALDI-TOF analysis could accurately classify these three types of samples according to periodontal state. Materials and methods Unstimulated saliva, GCF and dental plaque, collected from periodontitis subjects and healthy controls, were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Based on the differentially expressed peaks between the two groups, diagnostic decision trees were built for each sample. Results Among 141 patients (67 periodontitis and 74 healthy controls), the decision trees diagnosed periodontitis with a sensitivity = 70.3% (± 0.211) and a specificity = 77.8% (± 0.165) for saliva, a sensitivity = 79.6% (± 0.188) and a specificity = 75.7% (± 0.195) for GCF, and a sensitivity = 72.1% (± 0.202) and a specificity = 72.2% (± 0.195) for dental plaque. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were improved to 100% (CI 95% = [0.91;1]) and 100% (CI 95% = [0.92;1]), respectively, when two samples were tested. Conclusion We developed, for the first time, diagnostic tests based on protein profiles of saliva, GCF and dental plaque between periodontitis patients and healthy subjects. When at least 2 of these samples were tested, the best results were obtained.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the density of interforaminal bone using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in simulated case histories to be prescribed an All-on-Five fixed implant treatment protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS QCT scans from 30 edentulous patients (15 men and 15 women; mean age 63.33 ± 9.3 years) were analyzed using the Nobel Clinician software. Densities (in Hounsfield units [HU]) were recorded at the neck, middle part of the body, and apex of the lingual and buccal parts of proposed implant sites. RESULTS The highest bone densities were measured at the neck of the implant (1,187 ± 382 HU), with lower densities at the apex (774 ± 571 HU) (P < .01). Bone densities decreased on the lingual interforaminal portion of the implant, especially on the two intermediate implants. Bone density was lower in women (917 ± 510 HU) than in men (1,095 ± 601 HU) (P < .01). CONCLUSION The interforaminal measured bone densities are lower on the paramedian region of the symphysis and in women. However, these levels are in accordance with immediate loading with a fixed partial denture.

Introduction Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (COCC) is a rare tumor described by Hansen et al. in 1985. The clinical and radiological manifestations are multiple and the diagnosis is histological. Observation A 64-year-old patient consulted us for a right mandibular osteolytic lesion associated to a homolateral labial hypoesthesia. A biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Histology was consistent with a metastatic lesion of clear kidney cell carcinoma, COCC, or odontogenic squamous tumor. Additional tests eliminated a metastatic lesion. A wide excision of the lesion by hemi-mandibulectomy associated with lymph node dissection and reconstruction by a fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap was performed. Presence of a fission of the EWSR1 gene on the histological examination of the surgical specimen made the diagnosis of COCC. Discussion Our observation illustrates the difficulty of diagnosing COCC. The new contribution of the cytogenetic techniques such as FISH-type techniques makes possible the improvement of the diagnosis.

The microbial communities of the oral fluid are in direct contact with tobacco smoke, which may thus affect these communities. Few culture-based studies have analyzed the effects of tobacco smoking on the oral fluid microbiota. Using bacterial culture we investigated whether tobacco smoking altered the microbial diversity of the oral fluid, focusing on aerobic and facultative anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria otherwise comprising of major pathogens. Among 90 oral fluid specimens collected in 19 tobacco-smokers and 71 controls, the diversity did not significantly differ with age and with sex. However, diversity was significantly lower in tobacco-smokers (nine different species) than in non-smokers (18 different species) with all the species cultured in tabocco-smokers being also cultured in non-smokers. We isolated the human pathogen Streptococcus australis for the first time from oral fluid. Tobacco smoking significantly alters the saliva Gram-positive bacterial microbiota, including pathogens with potential implication in the pathogenesis of tobacco-related diseases such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

International audience; Trichomonas tenax, an anaerobic protist difficult to cultivate with an unreliable molecular identification, has been suspected of involvement in periodontitis, a multifactorial inflamma-tory dental disease affecting the soft tissue and bone of periodontium. A cohort of 106 peri-odontitis patients classified by stages of severity and 85 healthy adult control patients was constituted. An efficient culture protocol, a new identification tool by real-time qPCR of T. tenax and a Multi-Locus Sequence Typing system (MLST) based on T. tenax NIH4 reference strain were created. Fifty-three strains of Trichomonas sp. were obtained from peri-odontal samples. 37/106 (34.90%) T. tenax from patients with periodontitis and 16/85 (18.80%˚) T. tenax from control patients were detected by culture (p = 0.018). Sixty of the 191 samples were tested positive for T. tenax by qPCR, 24/85 (28%) controls and 36/106 (34%) periodontitis patients (p = 0.089). By combining both results, 45/106 (42.5%) patients were positive by culture and/or PCR, as compared to 24/85 (28.2%) controls (p = 0.042). A link was established between the carriage in patients of Trichomonas tenax and the severity of the disease. Genotyping demonstrates the presence of strain diversity with three major different clusters and a relation between disease strains and the periodontitis severity (p

International audience; Sialolithiasis are the most frequent salivary gland disease, mainly affecting the submandibular gland. With the advent of minimally invasive techniques, total salivary gland removal should not be considered as the first-line treatment anymore. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is an alternative to surgery preserving the gland. The objective of our retrospective study was to evaluate the efficiency of ESWL on pain and obstructive syndrome in patients suffering from sialolithiasis. The global result felt by the patients was also considered. All patients treated between October 2009 and July 2016 for sialolithiasis by ESWL in our department were included. They were divided into two groups according to the concerned gland: a parotid gland (PG) and a submandibular gland (SMG) group. Our retrospective telephone questionnaire consisted in 4 questions about their symptomatology before and after ESWL, including pain self-evaluation before and after treatment. They were finally asked to evaluate the global result of the ESWL treatment: excellent, good, mean, or poor. In total, 55 patients were included in this study, 38 patients in PG group and 17 patients in SMG group. We observed a decrease of pain and obstructive syndrom after ESWL procedure in both groups. Better results were found on the obstructive syndrome in the PG group. Very few side-effects were reported by patients. Given that it has very few side effects, ESWL can easily be considered as first line treatment for sialolithiasis to avoid heavier treatments such as surgery. It should be the first-line treatment for symptomatic parotid sialolithiases. The treatment of symptomatic submandibular sialolithiases depends on the topography of the lithiasis.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

A split-mouth randomized clinical trial was carried out to assess the effectiveness of sealants in preventing carious ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System) 3–6 lesions within a 2-year follow-up. We evaluated the effectiveness of 2 types of resin-based sealants, with and without fluoride, their retention rates, and the caries risk factors related to their outcomes. The study included 663 tooth pairs in 400 children (aged 5–15 years) considered to be at high individual caries risk (ICR) and presenting permanent molars free of caries or affected by ICDAS 1–2 lesions. In the first randomization, molars were either randomized to the treatment group receiving a dental sealant or the control group (nontreatment), and in the second randomization the sealant material to be used in the intervention group was selected. Uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were employed. At the 2-year follow-up, 483 tooth pairs were assessed: sealed molars had 83% (adjusted HR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.15–0.20) less risk of developing ICDAS 3–6 lesions than molars without sealant. The magnitude of the protective effect was lower among teeth with ICDAS 1–2 lesions or with occlusal deep fissures than without. If the total retention rate of sealants was 70% at 2 years, sealant loss was not associated with the risk of caries (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.92–1.79, p = 0.14). Sealants allow the prevention of new ICDAS 3–6 lesions or progression of noncavitated carious lesions in children at high ICR, and the effect of the sealant was similar regardless of whether it contained fluoride or not.

Introduction : Les appareils orthodontiques favorisent la rétention de plaque dentaire et rendent le brossage moins aisé. Ils entraînent des modifications à la fois quantitatives et qualitatives de la plaque dentaire, exposant ainsi davantage les patients porteurs de tels dispositifs aux pathologies carieuses et parodontales. Matériels et méthodes : Les auteurs expliquent, dans cet article, l’influence des thérapeutiques orthodontiques sur la plaque dentaire, sur le risque carieux et sur le risque parodontal, font le point des bactéries incriminées et rappellent l’importance d’un contrôle de plaque individuel et professionnel rigoureux. Discussion : En conséquence, il est du devoir des orthodontistes d’éduquer leurs patients aux méthodes d’hygiène bucco-dentaire et parodontale afin de contrôler ce facteur bactérien et d’éviter l’apparition de complications dentaires et/ou parodontales.

International audience; Dentin carious lesion is a dynamic process that involves de- mineralization and collagen denaturation. Collagen type I is the major protein in dentin and it has been investigated based on its optical properties. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a nonlinear imaging technique that reveals the car- ies process using the collagen two-photon excitation fluo- rescence (2PEF) and its second-harmonic generation (SHG). Combining the histological and the International Caries De- tection and Assessment System (ICDAS) classifications with nonlinear optical spectroscopy (NLOS), 2PEF and SHG inten- sities of enamel and dentin were highly altered during the caries process. It has been proven that the ratio SHG/2PEF is a relevant indicator of the organic matrix denaturation [Ter- rer et al.: J Dent Res 2016;96:574–579]. In the present study, a series of measurable signals is made to detect early stages of carious lesion according to the ICDAS classification and to explore the relationship between these measures and theICDAS scale. Comparison of the efficiency of nonlinear opti- cal signals for caries detection with the ICDAS classification is essential to evaluate their potential for clinical applica- tion. In our study, the use of the NLOS measured by MPM allowed us to monitor a quantitative parameter (SHG/2PEF ratio) according to the dentin carious lesion state (ICDAS and histological examination). Three coherent new groups were defined (ICDAS 0/1; ICDAS 2/3; ICDAS 4/5/6), where the carious process can be clearly described with a statistically significant decrease of the SHG/2PEF ratio.

Introduction :L’esthétique du sourire s’appuie sur des données numériques, physiques, physiologiques et psychologiques de la beauté, sans oublier les désirs du patient. Elle est déterminée par la forme, la couleur et la position des lèvres, des dents et des tissus gingivaux. L’examen du parodonte dans le cadre facial, puis dans le cadre labial permet d’analyser la visibilité de la gencive lors du sourire naturel et forcé, la santé parodontale, le contour gingival, la ligne esthétique gingivale, la présence des papilles.Matériels et méthodes :L’ensemble de ces données va permettre d’établir un score d’esthétique gingivale, de déterminer les origines de la disharmonie et les traitements envisagés.Discussion :Au moment du plan de traitement global orthodontique, la chirurgie plastique parodontale peut modifier l’aspect et la morphologie gingivale afin de rétablir une harmonie du sourire. La chirurgie plastique parodontale soustractive traite les défauts d’espace biologiques et les excès de tissus perçus lors des éruptions passives incomplètes par gingivectomie ou déplacement apical des tissus gingivaux associés ou non à une ostéoplastie ou une ostéoectomie. Enfin, des injections d’acide hyaluronique dans les papilles permettent de les repulper et de minimiser l’aspect des trous noirs.

International audience; OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine primarily the oral health status of patients with upper aerodigestive tract cancer before radiotherapy, and secondarily the prevalence of risk factors for poor oral status.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Marseille University hospital. Assessment criteria were the Decay, Missing and Filled (DMF) Index and periodontal status.RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-four patients, mean age 60.9years, were included. The most common sites of primary tumors were the larynx (28.6%) and oral cavity (26.6%). Current or past smokers accounted for 80.5% of patients and 67% were alcohol abusers. Most patients (83.8%) did not have xerostomia. They ate three meals a day (61%), with sugar consumption in 40%. The median number of daily tooth brushings was 2, with a manual toothbrush (81.2%). Few patients used dental floss or interproximal brushes. Individual DMF index was 17.6 (D=2.3, M=9.3, F=6.0) and was higher in patients with xerostomia and alcohol abusers (P=0.01). Osseous level was 62.3% and 57.8% of patients had osseous infections, which were more common with poor hygiene (P=0.04). Most patients (85.7%) had periodontal disease, but incidence did not significantly differ according to risk factors.DISCUSSION: The DMF index was higher in presence of periodontal disease and osseous infections. Alcohol and xerostomia were associated with a high individual DMF index and osseous infections were more frequent in patients with poor hygiene. Patients with upper aerodigestive tract cancer are at high risk of osteoradionecrosis if they do not receive dental treatment before radiotherapy.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Methanogens have already been described in periodontitis but not in peri-implantitis. Thirty peri-implantitis samples and 28 control samples were collected in 28 consenting peri-implantitis patients. PCR-sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used as a broad-spectrum screening method and results were further confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR targeting the mcrA genes. Results showed a methanogen community dominated by Methanobrevibacter oralis in 31/58 (51%) samples including 16/28 (57%) control samples and 15/30 (50%) peri-implantitis samples. Methanobrevibacter massiliense was detected in 5/58 (8.6%) samples including 3/28 (1%) control samples and 2/30 (6.7%) peri-implantitis samples. The prevalence of M. oralis or M. massiliense did not significantly differ in peri-implantitis and control samples (exact Fisher test, P = 0.61 and P = 0.67, respectively). Further ponderation of the methanogen load by the real-time quantitative PCR for actin human gene again indicated non-significant difference (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.48 and P = 0.40, respectively). These data show that the prevalence of methanogens does not differ in peri-implantitis lesions and healthy sites, when individuals are their own control. These data do not allow assigning a specific pathogenic role to methanogens in peri-implantitis; methanogens rather are part of the commensal and normal flora of the oral cavity.

Introduction Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) is described as an exceptional and hard to diagnose malignant tumor which was first reported by Hansen in 1985. The purpose of this review article is to show that CCOC is a not that rare entity and to discuss its various aspects in order to enhance the diagnosis. Material and methods A search in the English language literature was performed using the Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Medline databases between 1985 and 2016. Data were collected on epidemiologic, clinical, radiographic, histological, immunohistochemistrical, cytogenetic, management, follow-up and prognosis features of CCOC. Results Sixty-five studies from which a total of 95 case reports were included in the review. CCOC was generally seen in the fifth decade and the most common site was mandibular. The most frequently found symptoms were swelling, tooth mobility and pain. Radiologically, the image was radiolucent and could look like a cyst or a periodontal lesion. In situ hybridization techniques frequently expressed a gene fission of EWSR1. The treatment was mostly a radical surgical excision of the tumor with or without adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy. CCOC showed high rates of recurrence and mortality related with the presence of distance metastasis. Discussion Fission of EWSR1 gene could be the main element it the diagnosis of CCOC. A multidisciplinary approach, including a radiologist, pathologist and an oral & maxillofacial surgeon may be helpful in the evaluation and management of these lesions. With 95 reports found in English literature, we cannot say that CCOC is extremely rare anymore.

The objective of this study was to utilize a new odontological methodological approach based on radiographic for age estimation. The study was comprised of 397 participants aged between 9 and 87 years. A clinical examination and a radiographic assessment of alveolar bone loss were performed. Direct measures of alveolar bone level were recorded using CT scans. A medical examination report was attached to the investigation file. Because of the link between alveolar bone loss and age, a model was proposed to enable simple, reliable, and quick age estimation. This work added new arguments for age estimation. This study aimed to develop a simple, standardized, and reproducible technique for age estimation of adults of actual populations in forensic medicine and ancient populations in funeral anthropology.

The separation zone between enamel and dentin [dentin–enamel junction (DEJ)] with different properties in biomechanical composition has an important role in preventing crack propagation from enamel to dentin. The understanding of the chemical structure (inorganic and organic components), physical properties, and chemical composition of the human DEJ could benefit biomimetic materials in dentistry. Spatial distribution of calcium phosphate crystallinity and the collagen crosslinks near DEJ were studied using confocal Raman microscopy and calculated by different methods. To obtain collagen crosslinking, the ratio of two peaks 1660 cm−1 over 1690 cm−1 (amide I bands) is calculated. For crystallinity, the inverse full-width at half maximum of phosphate peak at 960 cm−1, and the ratio of two Raman peaks of phosphate at 960/950 cm−1 is provided. In conclusion, the study of chemical and physical properties of DEJ provides many benefits in the biomaterial field to improve the synthesis of dental materials in respect to the natural properties of human teeth. Confocal Raman microscopy as a powerful tool provides the molecular structure to identify the changes along DEJ and can be expanded for other mineralized tissues.

Gérald Maille,1,2 Bérengère Saliba-Serre,1 Anne-Marie Ferrandez,1 Michel Ruquet1,2 1UMR 7268 ADÉS, Aix-Marseille Université–EFS–CNRS, Faculté de Médecine Nord, 2Faculté d’Odontologie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex, France Objective: We aimed to analyze, from the data in a national survey, the use of oral care and the oral health status of patients living at home or in an institution.Background: Patients aged 60 years and older have important oral health needs, but their oral management may differ according to their immediate environment. The fact of living at home or in an institution can influence the use of care and alter the patients’ perception of their oral health status.Methods: The data analyzed were taken from a survey on disability and health carried out in 2008–2009, which is representative of the population living in France. It consists of two sections, one centered on disability and health among home-dwellers and the other on patients living in an institution. In each of these two populations, we carried out descriptive analysis of three themes: use of care, forgoing of care, and oral health.Results: Although visits to physicians and specialists were frequent, visits to dentists were lower in both populations. While a minority of patients forwent care, it was dental care that was mainly forgone by both home-dwellers and institutionalized patients. The cost factor remained the principal reason, but other factors such as fear or accessibility problems were cited. Use of a dental appliance was considerably more frequent among institutionalized patients than among home-dwellers, with just over half the institutionalized population wearing a dental appliance. Perceived state of oral health remained difficult to interpret.Conclusion: To improve access to oral care for the elderly, the patients, their entourage and health providers need increased awareness and information on the importance of good oral health. Better information must be associated with regular clinical examination. Keywords: dental care, health care access, elderly, home-dwellers, community-dwellers, institution, national Disability and Health Survey, France

Objective The objective of this study was to utilise a new methodological approach based on radiographic examinations to demonstrate a potential association between coronary heart diseases (CHD) as well as severe hypertension and alveolar bone loss (ABL) in older adults. Background Many studies, primarily assessing clinical parameters, underline the association between periodontal diseases and cardiovascular diseases. The relationship between ABL and CHD/vascular diseases (VD) is potentially of high importance because of their prevalence in populations, and they represent an important issue in the fields of epidemiology and public health. Therefore, this topic was approached with new tools. Materials and methods The study was comprised of 236 participants over 50 years. A clinical examination and a radiographic assessment of ABL were performed. Direct measures of alveolar bone level were recorded using CT scans, and different variables were studied (age, sex, Plaque index, cigarettes per day, coronary heart disease and vascular disease status). A medical examination report was attached to the investigation file. Results The results confirmed a positive association between CHD/VD and periodontal destruction; alveolar bone destruction represented a risk factor for CHD/VD [odds ratio (OR): 1.27; 95% CI: 1.01–1.60; p

Aim To assess the influence of concentration, temperature and surfactant addition to a sodium hypochlorite solution on its dynamic viscosity and to calculate the corresponding Reynolds number to determine the corresponding flow regimen. Methodology The dynamic viscosity of the irrigant was assessed using a rotational viscometer. Sodium hypochlorite with concentrations ranging from 0.6% to 9.6% was tested at 37 and 22 °C. A wide range of concentrations of three different surfactants was mixed in 2.4% sodium hypochlorite for viscosity measurements. The Reynolds number was calculated under each condition. Data were analysed using two-way anova. Results There was a significant influence of sodium hypochlorite concentration (P

International audience; Multiphoton confocal microscopy and nonlinear spectroscopy are used to investigate the caries process in dentin. Although dentin is a major calcified tissue of the teeth, its organic phase comprises type I collagen fibers. Caries drive dentin demineralization and collagen denaturation. Multiphoton microscopy is a powerful imaging technique: the biological materials are transparent to infrared frequencies and can be excited to penetration depths inaccessible to 1-photon confocal microscopy. The laser excitation greatly reduces photodamage to the sole focal region, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved significantly. The method has been used to follow pathologic processes involving collagen fibrosis or collagen destruction based on their 2-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) emission and second harmonic generation (SHG). Combining multiphoton imaging with nonlinear spectroscopy, we demonstrate that both 2PEF and SHG intensity of human dentin are strongly modified during the tooth caries process, and we show that the ratio between SHG and 2PEF signals is a reliable parameter to follow dental caries. The ratio of the SHG/2PEF signals measured by nonlinear optical spectroscopy provides valuable information on the caries process, specifically on the degradation of the organic matrix of dentin. The goal is to bring these nonlinear optical signals to clinical application for caries diagnosis.

The aim of this study was to test the reliability of a new method for forensic identification by teeth: an intra- and inter-observers differences analysis was made on triangles measurements, obtained from occlusal reliefs points of posterior teeth. Five triangles wereproposed to characterise an occlusal identity card.; Le but de notre étude était de tester la fiabilité d'une nouvelle méthode d'identification odontologique médicolégale : une analyse a été menée sur la répétabilité et la reproductibilité des mesures des triangles occlusaux dentaires, obtenus à partir des reliefs occlusaux des dents postérieures. Cinq triangles ont été proposés pour caractériser une carte d'identité occlusale individuelle.

International audience; Gender determination is a fundamental issue in forensic anthropology. Many techniques based on bone and dental remains have been proposed. It is not always possible to implement the techniques using bones, but teeth are often perfectly preserved. It has been demonstrated that the canine has the greatest sexual dimorphism, and the aim of this work was to provide an easy and accurate dental technique for determining the gender in the absence of other skeletal elements. The sample was composed of 210 CT scans with four healthy canines. The 840 canines were modeled using MIMICS® 10.01 software. The total volume of each tooth was determined. Seven mathematical models were determined by binary logistic regressions and ranked in order of relative performance. The seven proposed predictive models thus performed (0.910≤AUC≤0.938), with overall rates of correct predictions between 82.38 and 85.24%. The 4-canine model is the most powerful for predicting the gender.

Joint Bone Spine - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since samedi 9 avril 2016

International audience; The atypical cadherins Fat (Ft) and Dachsous (Ds) control tissue growth through the Salvador–Warts–Hippo (SWH) pathway, and also regulate planar cell polarity and morphogenesis. Ft and Ds engage in reciprocal signalling as both proteins can serve as receptor and ligand for each other. The intracellular domains (ICDs) of Ft and Ds regulate the activity of the key SWH pathway transcriptional co-activator protein Yorkie (Yki). Signalling from the FtICD is well characterized and controls tissue growth by regulating the abundance of the Yki-repressive kinase Warts (Wts). Here we identify two regulators of the Drosophila melanogaster SWH pathway that function downstream of the DsICD: the WD40 repeat protein Riquiqui (Riq) and the DYRK-family kinase Minibrain (Mnb). Ds physically interacts with Riq, which binds to both Mnb and Wts. Riq and Mnb promote Yki-dependent tissue growth by stimulating phosphorylation-dependent inhibition of Wts. Thus, we describe a previously unknown branch of the SWH pathway that controls tissue growth downstream of Ds.

Our aim was to determine the origin of the red fluorescence of carious dentine observed with the Soprolife® camera. We conducted in vitro studies to evaluate the origin of the red fluorescence using acids and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) to mimic caries and methylglycoxal (MGO) to evaluate the effect of glycation reactions on the red fluorescence. In every step of these models, we detected the changes of dentin photonic response with Soprolife® in daylight mode and in treatment mode. A Raman spectroscopy analysis was performed to determine the variations of the dentin organic during the in vitro caries processes. Raman microscopy was performed to identify change in the collagen matrix of dentine. The red fluorescence observed in carious dentine using a Soprolife® camera corresponds to the brownish color observed using daylight. Demineralization using nitric acid induces a loss of the green fluorescence of dentine. The red fluorescence of carious dentine is resistant to acid treatment. Immersion of demineralized dentine in MGO induces a change of color from white to orange-red. This indicates that the Maillard reaction contributes to lesion coloration. Immersion of demineralized dentine in an MMP-1 solution followed by MGO treatment results in a similar red fluorescence. Raman microspectroscopy analysis reveals accumulation of AGE's product in red-colored dentine. Our results provide important information on the origin of the fluorescence variation of dentine observed with the Soprolife® camera. We demonstrate that the red fluorescence of carious dentine is linked to the accumulation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGE). The study provides a new biological basis for the red fluorescence of carious dentine and reinforces the importance of the Soprolife® camera in caries diagnostics.

Even if the definition of the date of consolidation is very clear, its choice in odontology takes on some particular implications. Indeed, it can be influenced by the necessity of allowing a prothetic reconstruction or not to surround a global compensation when graver hurts exist besides. Seventy-three analyzed cases of expertise showed that this date was fixed in the majority of the cases the day of the expertise; in the third party of the cases, before to the date of expertise; and in some rare cases, for particular reasons, after the expertise.; Même si la définition de la date de consolidation est très claire, son choix en odontologie revêt quelques implications particulières. En effet, il peut être influencé par la nécessité de permettre une reconstruction prothétique ou de ne pas bloquer une indemnisation globale quand des lésions plus graves existent par ailleurs. Les 73 dossiers d’expertise analysés ont montré que cette date était fixée, dans la majorité des cas, le jour de l’expertise, dans un tiers des cas, antérieurement à la date d’expertise et dans quelques rares cas, pour des raisons particulières, postérieurement à l’expertise.

International audience

The goals of this trial were, first, to produce a Raman mapping of decay and sound dentin samples, through accurate analysis of the Raman band spectra variations of mineral and organic components. The second goal was to confirm the correlation between the Raman signal and the signal of a fluorescent camera, by assaying the concentration of pentosidine and natural collagen fluorescent crosslink using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The first correlation assumed a possible relationship between the signal observed with the camera and Raman spectroscopy. The second correlation assumed an association with the Maillard reaction. Absence of a correlation for this trial was that no association could be found between Raman spectra characteristics, fluorescence variation and the HPLC assay. Our results void this absence.

In clinical situations carious dentine tissues can be discriminated by most caries fluorescence detection tools, including a new fluorescence intra-oral camera. The objectives of this study were: (i) to analyze the Raman spectra of sound, carious, and demineralized dentine, (ii) to compare this spectral analysis with the fluorescence variation observed when using a fluorescence camera, and (iii) to evaluate the involvement of the Maillard reaction in the fluorescence variations. The first positive hypothesis tested was that the fluorescence of carious dentine obtained using a fluorescence camera and the Raman spectra variation were closely related. The second was that the variation of fluorescence could be linked with the Maillard reaction. Sound dentine, sound dentine demineralized in aqueous nitric acid solution, carious soft dentine, sound dentine demineralized in lactic acid solution, sound dentine demineralized in aqueous nitric acid solution and immersed in methylglycoxal solution, and sound dentine demineralized in aqueous nitric acid solution and immersed in methylglycoxal and glucose solutions, were studied using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Modifications in the band ratio of amide, phosphate, and carbonate were observed in the decayed and demineralized groups compared with the sound dentine group. The results indicate that a close relationship exists between the Maillard reaction and fluorescence variation.

The physiological ageing, the chronic conditions and the psycho-social environment are source of vulnerability to the old subject. These factors impact on the oral pathologies while the oral affections can deteriorate them on the contrary and lead the patient in the spiral of the decompensation. The clinical examination has to consist of a global approach of the eldely person, what confers it a specific character. Within the framework of this article, we propose a methodology of diagnostic survey bringing to light the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration between the medical participants; Le vieillissement physiologique, les pathologies chroniques et l’environnement psychosocial sont source de vulnérabilité chez le sujet âgé. Ces facteurs impactent les pathologies bucco-dentaires alors que les affections orales peuvent à l’inverse les aggraver et conduire le patient dans la spirale de la décompensation. L’examen clinique doit consister en une approche globale de la personne âgée, ce qui lui confère son caractère spécifique. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous proposons une méthodologie d’enquête diagnostique mettant en évidence la nécessité de collaboration interdisciplinaire entre les intervenants médicaux

L'objectif de la présente étude est de tester la reproductibilité et répétabilité de la parodontolyse et la translucidité de la racine, la relation de ces deux indicateurs avec l'âge et la variation entre les dents d'un même individu, afin de proposer des paramètres pertinents dans une future méthode d'estimation de l'âge au décès. Le corpus est composé de deux séries de dents extraites cliniquement. Nous avons utilisé des tests statistiques non paramétriques pour comparer les observations intra- et inter-observateurs, et la corrélation entre l'âge et les mesures des deux indicateurs dentaires. Cette étude montre que la parodontolyse est un paramètre dont l'observation n'est ni répétable, ni reproductible. La mesure de la translucidité proposée par Lamendin et al (1992) [9] est également sujette à des différences entre observateurs. Nous avons donc proposé trois nouvelles mesures de cet indicateur dont deux sont reproductibles. Notre analyse montre également que la différence du taux de translucidité de la racine entre les dents d'un même individu s'élève à 25 %. De plus, la corrélation entre cet indicateur et l'âge, si elle est statistiquement significative, est relativement faible. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire d'élaborer de nouvelles méthodes avec ce paramètre en tenant compte des biais techniques et biologiques.

Recent studies have supported the hypothesis that there is a tendency to evolution in the occlusal relationships of urban populations. Due to its role in the stomatognathic system and the hypothesis of the role of deep overbite in the appearance and development of TMD, particular interest is given to the incisal relationship and its evolution in urban populations. Incisal situation and relationship can be studied with anthropometric and cephalomatric determinants. This study compares the incisal relationship of two groups of young Caucasian adults born in 1870 and 1970, respectively. Twenty-four anthropometric and cephalometric points were analyzed for 30 subjects from each group. A statistically significant difference between the 1870/1970 samples was found for the following criteria (p < 0.001): overbite: 1.17/ 3.81, position of the free edge of the mandibular incisor, sagittal values (orthodontic norm PAO) 78.75 mm/82.88mm, position of the free edge of the mandibular incisor, vertical values 54.74 mm/58.87 mm, FMIA angle: 65.97 /58.4 and Angle classes: difference in distribution of the skeletal classes (Classes I, II and III) between the two populations (increase in Class II, 1970). Within the limits of this study results show a remarkable increase in overbite, a tendency towards a reduced prevalence of class III malocclusions and an increased prevalence of Class II malocclusions with vestibular position of the mandibular incisors.

Periodontal disease (PD) has been recognized as a risk factor for systemic diseases, but its involvement in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains debated. OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the potential relations between severity of the PD, inflammatory response and angiographic lesions extent in patients with stable CAD. DESIGN: A total of 131 subjects referred to our centre for coronary angiography were evaluated for presence and extension of CAD, then divided into two groups, one with presence of lesions (cases, n = 85) and other one with absence of lesions (controls, n = 46). Mean periodontal pocket depth (PPkD), high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and fibrinogen levels were measured in all patients. RESULTS: Cases and controls did not differ according to their baseline characteristics and prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. PPkD was greater in patients with CAD than in controls (2.24 +/- 1.28 mm vs 1.50 +/- 0.93 mm, P < 0.001 by Student's t-test). Systemic inflammatory response was more pronounced in cases than in controls, with higher values of hs-CRP, SAA and fibrinogen. Furthermore, PPkD values correlated with hs-CRP (r = 0.80, P < 0.001), SAA (r = 0.71, P < 0.001), fibrinogen levels (r = 0.72, P < 0.001) and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association angiographic score (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) in cases. Multivariate analysis indicated a persistent independent correlation between PPkD and angiographic score after adjustment for inflammatory markers levels. CONCLUSION: In the present study, PD lesions predicted presence of CAD stenosis in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. PD severity was correlated to angiographic extent of coronary lesions, independent of systemic inflammatory status. Those results suggest that these patients might benefit from an intensive periodontal therapy to prevent CAD progression.

BACKGROUND: Adenosine may play a role in the triggering of neurocardiogenic syncope, but no information on adenosine receptors is available at the present time. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether adenosine A2A receptors expression is altered in patients with neurocardiogenic syncope. METHODS: Adenosine plasma levels (APLs), the expression of A2A receptors, were measured (mean +/- standard error of the mean) during tilt testing. Expression of receptors was assessed on mononuclear cells using a selective receptor ligand. RESULTS: At baseline, the APLs of 16 patients with a positive test were higher than those of 17 patients with a negative test and of those of a control group (2.10 +/- 0.30 vs. 0.40 +/- 0.05 and 0.41 +/- 0.06 muM, respectively; P