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The black poplar (Populus nigra L.), especially the variety known as the Lombardy poplar, is one of our most beautiful ornamental trees. It is, however, subject to diseases which shorten its life. In the United States these diseases apparently have not been studied to any extent, as there is a lack of literature on the subject. During the spring of I916, many reports were received by the United States Department of Agriculture concerning a serious blight of newly transplanted black poplars. In one instance, every tree in a lot of thirty was killed back by cankers. In a second instance, nearly all of 630 trees were badly infected with cankers, and at least one fourth of them were killed back to the point of the infection. An examination of cankers from the trees mentioned above